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(Oct. 23), and the Civil War continued with varying succe till 1645, when C., defeated at Naseby, fled to Scotland. Delivered into the hands of Parlia ment by the Scottish commi ioners on payment of a sum of $2,000,000, C. suffered imprisonment at various places, and, in Jan., 1649, was placed upon his trial before a High Court of Justice, and condemned to be beheaded, which sentence was carried out on the 30th of the same month. He died with great fortitude, and his remains were interred at Windsor.-CHARLES II., B. 1620, elder son of the preceding, after a youth of adversity and exile, was restored to the throne of his ancestors, May 29, 1660. Although personally popular by his bonhommie, wit, and acce ibility, his reign, neverthele , was characterized by persecutions of the Di enters, and by a corrupt use of the royal prerogative, subversive of civil and political liberty and parliamentary government. In his reign, too, the Dutch who had, under the Commonwealth, been so thoroughly humbled by Blake and his English fleet, took advantage of the supinene of Charles' rule to sail up the Thames, and even threaten London. The " Merry Monarch," as he was surnamed, D. in 1684, leaving no i ue by his queen, Catherine of Braganza, although his natural children were many, the most noticeable being the unfortunate Duke of Mon mouth.-C. Edward (Prince). See FRANCE. STUART. C. I, called " le Chauve" (the Bald), son of Louis le Débonnaire, B. 823, s. to the throne, 840, and was elected by the Romans emperor of the West, 875. Under his reign, the Normans ravaged France, which [s. 167] C C. was unable to protect. D. 875.-C. II. (known as [s. 167]