BARRISTER

An advocate admitted to plead at the bar in the English courts of common law and equity. Barristers were anciently styled apprentices at law, until their admi ion to the degree of sergeant. A student intending to be called to the bar must be admitted a member of one of the four Inns of Court (Inner and IMlddle Temple, lyincoln's Inn, and Gray's Inn), and reside for a certain time, during three years in some cases and five in others. The disputations or arguments (termed exercises) which were formerly required of a 135 BASE. student have been reduced to mere matters of form. A barrister has no legal mode of recovering fees for his services. BARROWS, or TUMULI, says Mr. Gough, in hig Sepulchral Monuments, are the most ancient monuments in the world. The sepulchres of the heroes of the war of Troy are still distinguished, if tradition is to be relied upon, by the mounds raised over them. In these ancient barrows the base is said to have been generally formed of stones, the upper part consisting of a mound of earth. Barrows are found scattered over the plains of the Ukraine and of Tartary, and in great numbers in the Mi i ippi valley of North America. The barrows of England are supposed to be almost all of British construction; although the mounds properly so called are sometimes confounded with those tumuli found in Roman camps, where they serve as landmarks, or for some military purpose. Of the antiquaries who have treated of these relics of ancient eras. Dr. Stukely and Sir R. Colt Hoare are the most eminent. They have been distinguished, according to peculiarities of form and construction, into long barrows, bowl, bell, pond, twin, cone, broad, . In the most ancient barrows, the bodies found are deposited within a cist or stone receptacle, with the head towards the north: in those of later date, this direction is not observed. The bones which have been discovered within the numerous barrows that have been opened were generally accompanied by utensils, weapons, .; and from the form and finish of these, some conjecture has beeu made as to the period of the interment. But tliese barrows, although generally sepulchral, are not uniformly so: in some, bones of animals only ha^e been found. Barrow burial is said by Sir R. Hoare to have lasted, from a period of unknown antiquity down to about the eighth century. Barrows are chiefly found in the chalk districts of Wilts and Dor sets hire. [s. 148]