Campana rio, a town of Spain, in Estremadura, 62 Campaned

( Her.) Bearing campanes, or bells. Camp an ell a, TOMMASO. ( kam -pa-nella,) an Italian philosopher, B. in Calabria, 1568, was a monk of the Dominican order. His Philosophia Sensibus Demon strata, ., published in 1591 at Naples, which contained a defence of Telesius, exposed him to the hatred of the orthodox monks and schoolmen. In 1599 he was seized at Naples, and committed to prison on suspicion of being engaged in a conspiracy against the Spaniards, who were then masters of his country. He was imprisoned 27 years, and was several times tortured, five times brought to trial, and finally sent to Rome at the request of the Pope. In 1634 he escaped and went to France, where Cardinal Richelieu allowed him a pension. His principal works are, De rectâ Ratione studendi, in which are some excellent rules for philosophizing, Aph or is mat a Politic a, and De Monarch i a Hispanic a. D.1639. Campanes', n. pl. ( Her.) Bells. (R.) Campanha, a town of Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, on the Palmello; pop. 7,000. m. E.S. E. of Badajos; pop. 5,730. Campa'nia, n . See CAMPAIGN. Campa'nia, ( Anc . Geog.) was that part of S. Italy now called Terra di Lavoro, q. v. The word C. is probably derived from campus , a plain. The Liris was the boundary between C. and Latium. To the North, C. was divided by the high A pennines from the country of the Marsi (the present Abruzzo), and to the N.E. by the mounts Callicula, Tifata, and Taburnus from the country of the Samnites. A continuation of the same ridge between Abella, which was in C., and Abellinum, which was in Samnium, continued the boundary to the E. as far as the sources of the Sarnus. The off-set which there detaches itself from the same ridge, and runs in a W. direction, forming the peninsula of Surrentum, divided C. from the country of the Picentini, the present province of Salerno. These were the limits of C. under August us, when it formed one of the eleven regions of Italy. The limits of C. were afterwards extended, and it was made to embrace the country of the Picentini, Ben even tum, and also part of the E. Latium. It was celebrated from the remotest times for its extraordinary fertility, and its soft and genial climate. The Osci, or Opici, and Ausones (probably all one people), are the first inhabitants of C. recorded in history. Etruscan colonies afterwards spread to this country, and founded twelve cities, including Capua, which became the principal city of C. The Etruscans of C. appear to have degenerated from their ancestors, and to have become licentious, insolent, and idle. The Etruscans were driven out or conquered by the Samnites, who finally yielded to the Romans. To prevent confusion as to the use of the term C., it should be observed that the district belonging to Capua was first called Camp an us Ager, and this restricted and original meaning of the term should not be confounded with the subsequent enlarged meaning of the term C. as used by Strabo for instance, and other writers after his time. The Camp an i ans of Capua, after being allies of Rome, took the part of Hannibal, and were severely treated by the Romans in consequence. Livy (xxiii. xxv.) speaks at length of the Camp an i ans, their manners, and the part they took in the second Punic war. Liternum, Teanum, Calatia, Vulturnum, Baiæ, Atella, Acerræ, Abella, Nuceria, Nola, and the Greek colonies of Cume and Par the nope, or Neapolis (Naples), were all towns of C. In the enlarged meaning. The island of Caprese (Capri) was reckoned a part of C. The Vol turn us was its principal river. form a, form.] ( Bot.) Bell-shaped.