Arnold ist

[From the Arnold mentioned below.] Ch. Hist . A follower of Arnold of Brescia, who, in the twelfth century, when the papal power was at its maximum, opposed the Pope's temporal authority, and proposed that the Church should be disendowed and left for its support to the freewill offerings of the people. For advocating these views he was strangled to death at Rome in the year 1155, and to prevent the people paying veneration to his remains his corpse was burnt and the ashes thrown into the Tiber. All the more on account of his cruel fate, his name was enshrined in the affections of many, and the Arnoldists from time to time gave trouble to the Papacy. (Mosheim: Ch. Hist ., Cent. xii., pt. ii., chap. 5, § 10.) †ar-not, tar-nŭt, s . [EARTH-NUT.] ar-not-to, ar-nat-to, ăn-not-to, ănnot-tạ, ạ-năť-to, s. [Etym. doubtful, perhaps the native American name.] 1. Comm.: The waxy-looking pulp which envelopes the seeds in the arnotto-tree. This is detached by throwing the seed into water, after which it is dried partially, and made up first into soft pellets, rolled in leaves, in which state it is called flag or roll arnotto . Afterwards, becoming quite dry, it is formed into cakes, and becomes cake arnotto. The South American Indians colour their bodies red with it; farmers here and elsewhere use it to stain cheese; in Holland the Dutch employ it to colour butter; the Spaniards put it in their chocolate and soups; dyers use it to produce a reddish colour, and varnish makers, to impart an orange tint to some varnishes. As a medicine it is slightly purgative and stomachic. This substance is very frequently adulterated. Previous to the pa ing of the Adulteration Act it was found almost impo ible to obtain a pure sample, the adulterants being flour, rye meal, turmeric, chalk, gypsum, Venetian red, and, in some cases, red lead; this last substance being a poison. At the present time the only adulterants used are flour, turmeric, and small quantities of either chalk or gypsum. Pure arnatto should not contain more than six per cent. of ash. Adulterated samples contain as much as twenty or even thirty per cent. The organic adulterants are easily detected by the microscope. "Arnotto dyeth of itself an orange-colour, is used with pot-ashes upon silk, linen, and cottons, but not upon cloth, as being not apt to penetrate into a thick substance."- Sir W. Petty, in Sprat's Hist. of the Royal Society , p. 299. 2. Bot . The Arnotto-tree, the Biza orellana of Linnæus, has a five-dentate calyx, ten petals, many hypogynous stamina, and a two valved hispid capsule. It is from twenty to thirty feet in height, and grows in tropical America. [BIXA.] It is the type of the old order Bixaceæ, now more generally called Flacourtiaceæ (q.v.).