hard

(hiird), a. andn. [ hard, firm, strong, brave, stubborn, harsh, severe, ete., = OS. hard = OF ries. herd = D. LG. hard = OHG. hart, hart i, and herti, MHG. hart and herte, G. hart = Icel. hardhr = Sw. hdrd = Dan. haard = Goth. hard us, hard, severe, = Gr. «xpatic, strong, mighty; ef. xparoc, Kaptoc, strength, might, power, victory, Kpatepoc, kaptepoc, strong, stout, mighty, xpareiv, have power, rule (see aristocracy, democracy, etc., aristocrat, democrat, ete.), Skt. kratu, strength, power; prob. relation ing sooner our the touch. be 2. formed; binding; ise.—3. sound. heat, ties, race] 4, (a) men hard (b) ficult as, hard (c) volving fatiguing: (d) as, case, arms, 5. great hard and 6. cation hard 7. rain; 8. ary. into of 9. hard the hard As steele is hardest in his kinde Aboue all other that men finde Of metal les, Gower, Conf. Amant., Pro]. The diamond, why, ‘twas beautiful and hard. Shak., Lover's Complaint, 1. 211. Hard and soft are names that we give to things only in to the constitutions of our own bodies; that be generally called hard by us which will put us to pain, than change figure by the pre ure of any part of bodies; and that on the contrary soft, which changes situation of its parts upon an easy and unpainful Locke. A body is said to be harder than another when it can used to scratch the latter, but cannot be scratched by it. A, Daniell, Physics, p. 230, Not loose, or not easily loosened; firmly tight; fast: as, a hard knot; hence, obligatory: as, a hard and fast prom- Hardy; tough; enduring; resistant; They be of an hard nature, able to abide and sustain cold, and labour; abhorring from all delicate dainoccupying no husbandry nor tillage of the ground. Sir 7’. More, Utopia (tr. by Robinson), ii, 10. They [the horses] are both in hard condition, so it [a can come off in ten days. Lawrence, Guy Living stone, p. 65. Difficult. Is anything too hard for the Lord? Gen. xviii. 14, Difficult to overcome; strong; powerful. I am this day weak, though anointed king; and these the sons of Zeruiah be too hard forme. 2Sam. iii. 39, But what will not Gold do? It will make a Pigmy too for a Giant. Howell, Letters, I. ii. 9, Difficult of solution, comprehension, decision, etc.; dif to master, understand, determine, etc.; perplexing: ahard question or problem; ahard language to study; words (that is, big words, difficult to pronounce). Some clerklike serving-man, Who scarce can spell th’ hard names. B. Jonson, Epigrams, iii. For men to tell how human life began Is hard; for who himself beginning knew? Milton, P. L., viii, 251. In that Arcadian light when roof and tree, Hard prose by daylight, dream in Italy. Lowell, Aga iz, iv. 1. Difficult to accomplish or effect; nece itating or inconsiderable effort or labor; arduous; laborious; as, hard work; a hard task. When Duncan is asleep (Whereto the rather shall his day’s hard journey Soundly invite him). Shak., Macbeth, i. 7. It es an harde thyng for to saye, Of doghety dedis that hase bene done; Of felle feghtyngs and batells sere. Thomas of Er eldoune (Child's Ballads, I. 97). The gods are hard to reconcile: Tis hard to settle order once again. Tennyson, Lotos-Eaters (Chorie Song), vi. So hard 's the task for sinful flesh and blood To lend the smallest step to what is good. Quarles, Emblems, iv. 8. Difficult to endure or bear; oppre ive; harsh; cruel: a hard fate; a hard blow; hard treatment; a hard Hard is the choice when the valiant must eat their orclem. B, Jonson, Every Man out of his Humour, iii. 1. A soul supreme, in each hard instance tried, Above all pain, all pa ion, and all pride. Pope, Epistle to Earl of Oxford, 1. 23. Carried on, executed, or accomplished with exertion or energy: as, a hard fight; a struggle; hard labor or study. In this world is hard auenture. Hymns to Virgin, etc. (E. E. T. 8.), p. 18. ffull harde and felon was the bateile ther, Merlin (E. EB, T. 8.), iii, 446. To keep some command on our direction required hard diligent plying of the paddle. R. L, Stevens on, Inland Voyage, p. 122. Close, persevering, or unremitting in applior effort; earnest; industrious: as, a student. Hard thinking and fleet talking do not run together. Tyndall, Pop. Sci. Mo., XX VI. 335, Strenuous; violent; vehement: as, a hard a hard trot or run; hard drinking. Hot, faint, and weary, with her hard embracing. Shak., Venus and Adonis, 1. 559. Intellectually sturdy; practical; not vision- The hard sense of Johnson was not calculated to enter the visionary and ecstatic enthusiasm of the Knight Norwich, Bulwer, Misc, Works, I. 189. Severe in action or effect; rigorous: as, a frost; a hard winter. Being cast on land, much bruised and beaten both with sea’s hard farewell and the shore’s rude welcome. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ii. A cold, hard winter’s storms arrive, And threaten death or famine to their hive. Add is on, tr. of Virgil's Georgics, iv. 2716 10. Harsh. (a) Presenting a harsh, austere, or repulsive appearance: as, hard features, When we're us'd To a hard face, it is not so unpleasing. Middle ton and Rowley, Changeling, ii. 2. (>) Harsh in style, outline, or execution; stiff; conventional; unnatural. A picture is said to be hard when the lights and shades are too strongly marked and too close to each other. Others make the figures harder than the marble itself. Dryden. His diction is hard, his figures too bold. Dryden. Ice bristles all the brakes and thorns To yon hard crescent, as she hangs Above the wood.” Tennyson, In Memoriam, cvii. (c) Of a harsh nature or character; obdurate; depraved: as, a hard heart; hence, mercile ; characterized by the absence of kindline or affection; unfeeling; unfriendly; harsh in manner: as, a hard look; to cherish hard feelings toward one. “Come, Paul!” she reiterated, her eye grazing me with its hard ray like a steel stylet. Charlotte Bronté, Villette, xli. They will take her, they will make her hard, And she will pa me by in after-life With some cold reverence worse than were she dead. Tennyson, Prince , v. Without imagination, social intercourse grows dry and hard, and human life is despoiled of charm. J. I’. Clarke, Self-Culture, p. 180. Electra’s voice sounded a little hard as she said these words, and her smile was more bitter than sweet. The Century, XXXVII. 51. (d) Austere; exacting; oppre ive: as, to be hard upon one; a hard master. So is meny man ymorthred for hus money and goodes, And tho that duden the dede ydampned ther-fore after, And he for hus harde holdynge in helle. Piers Plowman (C), xiii. 244. Think not my judgment leads me to comply With laws unjust, but hard nece ity: Imperious need, which cannot be withstood, Makes ill authentic, for a greater good. Dryden, Hind and Panther, iii. 836, There are none who suffer more under the grievances of a hard government than the subjects of little principalities. Add is on. (e) Strict in money matters; close in dealing; grasping; avaricious. Lord, I knew thee that thou art an hard man, reaping where thou hast not sown. Mat. xxv. 24, (f) Vexatious; galling: as, hard words or dealings; to call one hard names. Haye you given him any hard words of late? Shak., Hamlet, ii, 1. (g) Wicked; bad; reprobate; profane: as, a hard character; ahard case, [Colloq.] 11. Coarse, unpalatable, or scanty: as, hard fare.—12. Having a refractory quality; resistant in some use or application: said of fiuids affected by or treated with lime, ete.: as, hard water. See hardne , 2 (a), and hard water, under water. Put in one quart of quicklime. When the liquor is hard, it is of an orange colour, which may be seen by blowing. Workshop Receipts, 1st ser., p. 38, For exce ively large designs the pieces are dipped first in lime to fix the lead and copper; but usually an extra dip in the entering vat suffices, especially if the vats are strong in lime, or, as the dyers technically term it, very hard. O'Neill, Dyeing and Calico Printing, p. 286. 13. Strong; spirituous; intoxicating; fermented: as, hard liquors; hard drinks; hard cider. Miles Porter was before the court this morning for selling hard liquor, when he had only a licence for selling ale. Boston Traveller, Sept. 20, 1879. 14. In silk-manuf., retaining the natural gum: distinguished from soft: said of silk. Before the gum has been boiled off the silk it is said to be hard silk, but when boiled off it becomes soft silk — terms very expre ive of the actual condition of the fibres. A, Barlow, Weaving, p. 395. 15. In phonetics: (a) Uttered without sonant quality; surd or breathed, as distinguished from sonant or voiced. (b) Having a guttural as distinguished from a sibilant sound: said of cand gas incorn and get, as distinguished from cand gas in cite and gee. [In both uses inexact, and little used by phoneticians. ]— At hard edge, in fencing, with naked weapons, or in serious conflict, Davies. By all that’s good, I must myself sing small in her company; I will never meet at hard edge with her; If I did [should be confoundedly gapped. Richardson, Sir Charles Grand is on, I. 120, Hard and fast, strongly binding; strictly obligatory; not to be violated or set aside: as, a hard and fast bargain; hard and fast rules.— Hard carbonates. See carbon a tel. —Hard cash. See cash?._Hard cider, See cider.— Hard-cider campaign, in U. S. pol it. hist., the presidential canva of 1840, in which much use was made of hard cider as an emblem by the supporters of General Harrison, from a slur relating to his use of it cast upon him by his opponents. See log-cabin.— Hard clam, one of the large rounded clams with a thick heavy shell used for food in the United States; a round clam, as the quahog, Venus mercenaria: so called in distinction from the hard soft or long clams of the genus Mya, etc.—Hard coal. See coal, 2.— Hard crab, a hard-shelled edible crab: in contradistinction to soft crab.—Hard fish, knot, etc. See the nouns.— Hard lines. See line2,—Hard maple, See maple.—Hard money. See money.—Hard muffie-colors, colors which require the greater heat of the muffle furnace —that is to say, about 300° of the silver pyrometer,, or nearly 1000° centigrade.— Hard of hearing, hearing with difficulty; partly deaf. d i Child! I am rather hard of hearing — Yes, truly; one must scream and bawl: I tell you, you can’t hear at all! Cowper, Mutual Forbearance. Hard paste, in ceram. See porcelain.— Hard pine, pottery, pulse, water, wood, etc. See the nouns.—In hard condition. See condition. =Syn. 3. Unyielding, tough.— 4 (b). Perplexing, puzzling, knotty.—4 and 5, Dificult, etc. See arduous.—10. Severe, Harsh, etc. (see austere); insensible, callous, obdurate, inflexible. II, n. 1. Something that is hard, in dist i net i on from something similar or related that is soft; especially, the hard part of a thing that is partly soft, as the shell or rind. Of squylles white alle rawe take of the hardes, And al the rynde is for this nothing fyne. Palladius, Husbondrie (E. E. T. 8.), p. 169. 2. A small marble. [Proy. Eng.]—8. A firm, solid path or way; a paved street or roadway; a gravelly pa age, as over a fen or marsh. [Loeal, Eng.] Two small rooms... at a tobacconist’s shop on the Common Hard, a dirty street leading down to the dockyard [at Plymouth, England]. Dickens, Nicholas Nickle by, xxiii. 4, A kind of pier or landing-place for boats on a river. Marryat.—5. [eap.] In U.S. hist.: (a) A member of the more conservative of the two factions into which, in 1852 and the years immediately following, the Democrat i¢ party in the State of New York was divided, corresponding in general to the earlier faction called Hunkers. The extreme members were called the Adamantine Hards. Originally called Hard-shells. The Hards had by their own course forfeited the right to base their complaints about Pierce’s behavior on the fact that they alone represented the true national Democracy, in the decisive question of slavery. H. von Holst, Const. Hist. (trans.), TV. 272. (b) In Mi ouri, about 1850, one of the supporters of Senator Benton: so called from their advocacy of ‘hard money,” but differing from the Softs mainly in that they were opposed to sece ion doctrines and to the nationalization of slavery.—6. pl. A mixture of alum and salt used by bakers to whiten bread. Dunglison.