catena

A chain di trill i (ka-ta'-na of trills: de tril'-le) It. in instrumental or ming up of the whole movement or vocal music a chain or series of trills. composition. This also means the final part of a fugue. cateratoio (cha-te-ra-to'-yo) It. n. cavalletto A song accompanied on the cithern Literally, (ka-val-let'-to) a small horse. or guitar. 1. A lively melody, a bridge. catgut 2. The break in the voice. A small string for violins, guitars, 3. The short, quick finale of an air. and other stringed instruments made This is the usual meaning. from the intestines of sheep and goats 4. A song in rondo form, that is, in and sometimes those of a horse, dried and twisted; not from those of a cat. which a prominent theme is constantly alternated with le important The word probably stands for kitones, with variations and an accomgut, by confusion of kit, a fiddle with paniment in triplet time similar in kit, a small cat — hence, catgut. rhythm to the hoof beats of a canter cathedral music ing horse. See also cabaletta. Music especially composed to suit cavalquet (ka-val-ka') Fr. n. the services of English Cathedrals A piece played by the cavalry since the Reformation. Immediately trumpeter-corps when approaching or after the Reformation music in the marching through a town. English Church was in an unsettled state, as may be seen in the compocavare il suono (ka-va'-re el soo-6'- no) It. sitions of Tye and Byrd, where Latin To dig out the sound: to bring out 112 93 cavare il suono celestial music all the tone of which the instrument those of the harmonium and also is capable, additional parts, such as bells, harp, echo, thunder, dove and cuckoo notes cavata (ka-va'-ta) It. n. and other sounds. 1. A short song, sometimes preceded by recitative. cel6brer (sa-la-bra) Fr. v. 2. An air or strain dramatic in char- To sing, to celebrate, to praise. acter. celeramente (cha-la-ra-men'-te) It. 3. The act of producing tone from adv. a musical instrument. Swiftly, in haste, fast: a direction, cavatina (ka-va-te'-na) It. n. meaning to be performed swiftly. cavatine celere (cha'-la-re) It. adj. A short(ka-va-ten') air: an airFr.ofn. one strain Quick: quick in tempo. only. An air of simple and expre ive celeridad (tha-la-ri-dad') Spa. n. character shorter than an aria and Celerity, velocity, rapidity of music. sometimes preceding it. Also, a short celerita (cha-la-ri-ta') It. n. song of any description. Beethoven Celerity, swiftne , speed, as in the gave this name to the second move direction, con celerita, to be rendered ment of his B flat quartet. A smooth, with speed. melodious air forming part of a grand celerite (sa-la-re-ta) Fr. n. scena or movement, Celerity. See celerita. cebell celesta 1. A name given to an obsolete musical form, which consisted of a A keyboard instrument of the harmonica type, invented by Auguste principle theme with variations. Its Mustel, of Paris, in 1886, and by characteristics were the sudden alter- French composers substituted for nation of high and low notes and the carillon in the orchestra. Steel bars fact that it was usually in common suspended over resonating boxes of time, that is, four quarters notes to a wood are struck with hammers by an measure. action similar to that of the piano. It 2. Purcell and other English writhas a compa of five octaves upward ers used this name for the dance form from the C on the second space of now known as the gavotte. the ba clef and its tone is exquisitely _ 3. It was also the name of compos i pure and clear. As an orchestral tions for violin or lute. instrument it is used by many modern Cecelia, St. French composers and was even A young Roman noblewoman who employed by Tchaikowsky. lived about 229 A. D., and is looked celeste (sa-lest) Fr. adj. upon as patron-saint of music. 1. Celestial or heavenly and applied cecilium (su-se-le-ufi) Fr. n. to such organ stops as produce a soft, A peculiar free reed and keyboard sweet tone. instrument invented by Quant in de 2. Also used as the name of a piano Crousard and exhibited in Paris in pedal producing a like effect. 1867. It was the shape and about the celestial music size of the violoncello and was held The music of the spheres. This in the same position. It had reeds refers to the ancient supposition that acted upon by keys pre ed by the left the movements of the heavenly bodies hand and supplied by wind from bel produced a harmony imperceptible to lows worked by the right hand by human ears. Pythagoras supposed means of a handle like a bow. The these motions to conform to fixed cecilium had a compa of about five octaves, and the tone was sweet and laws expre ed in numbers cor res on or ous. sponding to the numbers which give c6dez (sa-da) Fr. v. harmony of sound. The seven planets give the seven notes of the scale. A direction, meaning to go slower, Plato in his Republic says a siren also to follow the volume of the voice, to decrease sound. sits on each planet and carols a sweet song which agrees with the tone of «ja (tha'-ha) Spa. n. her own sphere and harmonizes with In stringed instruments the bridge that of the others. This belief in the on which the strings rest, music of the spheres has been repeat cel am us tel (sa-la-mu-steT) Fr. n. edly mentioned in literature from the A kind of reed organ having fund a earliest times, as in Job we find, mental or principal stops similar to " When the morning stars sang 113 94 celestial music cercar la nota together," in Milton's Hymn on cembalo (cham'-ba-lo) It. n. Christ's Nativity, " Ring out, ye 1. Harpsichord. crystal spheres." 2. Cymbal. Abbr. cemb. References concerning this theory cembanella (cham-ba-neT-la) It. n. might be multiplied innumerably from See cennamella. Shakespeare, Dryden, Add is on and cennamella (cha-na-meT-la) It. n. others, but these suffice, perhaps, to A wind instrument like a flute, pipe show its widespread prevalence. or flageolet. celestina (cha-les-te'-na) It. n. cenobites (sen'-6-bits) Eng. n. from 1. An organ stop composed of pipes Lat. producing a soft tone. Its pitch is Members of a religious order dwell rather high, the lowest tone being an ing in a community or convent and octave below middle C. performing the services of the choir, 2. In reed organs a stop consisting cent of reeds producing a tremolo effect, The hundredth part of an equal celeusma (se-loos'-ma) Grk. n. semitone, From the Greek verb, meaning to urge on, to command. The name cento (chan'-to) It. n. Hundred: in poetry, the name given given to the word or sing-song by to a poem made up of a hundred which oarsmen in ancient times were verses from another poem, or a com encouraged to row rhythmically, and position formed of one hundred which is now used by sailors to help verses or pa ages from other authors them pull uniformly and simul tane and disposed in a new order. ously at a rope. _ It is the same as 2. The name given the collection of the proceleusmatic song, written in antiphons or brief sentences from the four short measures to arouse anima- Scriptures sung before and after the tion and life in action, psalms and canticles in the Roman •cello (cheT-16) of It. violoncello, Catholic service and arranged by Pope Abbreviation Gregory the Great, cembal (san-bal') Fr. n. cent on (san-ton) Fr. n. 1. Harpsichord. 1. The antiphony of Pope Gregory 2. Cymbal. the Great. Antiphony is a collection