INDEPENDENT

Not dependent; nofl subject to control, restriction, modification, or limitation from a given outside source. -Independent contract. See CONTRACT.- Independent contractor. In the law of agency and of master and servant, an independent contractor is one who, exercising an independent employment, contracts to do a piece of work according to his own methods and without being subject to the control of his employer except as to the result of the work; one who contracts to perform the work at his own risk and cost, the workmen being his servants, and he and not the person with whom he contracts, 1 bemg liable for their fault or misconduct. Peo- ))le v. Orange County Road Const. Co., 175 N. Y. 84, 67 N. E. 129, 65 L. R. A. 33; Waters · v. Pioneer Fuel Co., 52 Minn. 474, 55 N. W. 52, 38 Am. St. Rep. 564; Smith v. Simmons, 103 Pa. 36, 49 Am. Rep. 113; Holmes v. Ten• ne ee Coal,, et~. Co., 49 La. Ann. 1400, 22. 1 South. 403; Bibo 'r. Norfolk & W. R. Co., 87 Va. 7111.' 14 S. E. 165; Louthan v. Hewes, 138 Oal. HoJ.. 70 Pac. 1065.-Indeut!ndent oove-. · D . isee O0VBlUNT,. [s. 622]