University of Pisa in 1809

Among his works are "La Felicità dell' Austria e dell a To scan a" (1791), his "Fables" (1779), which are popular in Italy, and other poems. Pigott (pig'ot) Diamond, The. A famous diamond brought to England by Earl Pigott. It weighed 49 carats, and was thought to be worth about $200,000. Pigwiggen (pig-wig'en). Afairy knight in Drayton's "Nymphidia." He has a combat with Oberon, who is jealous of him and his love for Queen Mab. The name is also given to a constable mentioned in "Selimus," a tragedy, probably by Robert Greene, published in 1594. Pijaos (pe-Hä'os). An Indian tribe of New Granada (Colombia) which, at the time of the conquest, was numerous and powerful near Popayan, on the rivers Cauca and Neyva. They were little advanced in civilization. The Pijaos were apparently related to the modern Pan i quit as and Paes or Paezes: the latter are sometimes called Pijaos. Pike (pik), Albert. Born at Boston, Dec. 29, 1809: died at Washington, D. C., April 2, 1891. An American lawyer and author. After engaging for some time in journalism, he began the practice of law in Arkansas about 1836, and obtained much busine as counsel for the Indians in their sale of lands to the Federal government. He commanded a squadron of Arkansas volunteer cavalry during the Mexican war; was appointed Indian commi ioner of the Confederate government at the beginning of the Civil War; and obtained the rank of brigadier-general in the Confederate army. He practised law at Washington from about 1868-80. He published "Prose Sketches and Poems" (1834), etc. Pike, Austin Franklin. Born at Hebron, N. H., Oct., 1819: died at Franklin, N. H., Oct. 8, 1886. An American politician. He was Republican member of Congre from New Hampshire 1873-75, and United States senator 1883-86. Pike, Zebulon Montgomery. Born in New Jersey, Jan. 5, 1779: killed in the a ault on York (Toronto), Canada, April 27, 1813. An American general. As commander of an exploring expedi tion he Pike's Peak (later named from him) in 1806. He commanded the attack on York in 1813. Pike's Peak (pīks pök). [Named from General Z. M. Pike .] One of the highest summits of the Rocky Mountains, situated in Colorado 70 miles south by west of Denver. It was visited by Z. M. Pike in 1806. Height, 14,147 feet. A mountain railway up Pike's Peak from Manitou was opened in 1891. Pilat (pē-lä'), Mont. One of the chief summits of the mountains of Lyonnais, northern Cévennes, France. Height, 4,705 feet. Pilate (pi'lat), L. Pontius Pilatus. [Gr. Πόντιος Πίλατος.] Lived in the first half of the 1st cen of Lucerne. It is a much frequented tourist resort, and is ascended by a mountain railway. Height of highest peak (the Tomlishorn), 6,998 feet. Pilaya (pe-li'ä). A right Pilcomayo, in Bolivia. Length, about 500 miles. Pilcomayo (pēl-kō-mi'ō). A river rising in southern Bolivia and flowing through the Gran Chaco, where it separates western Paraguay from the Argentine Republic. It is the longest branch of the Paraguay, which it joins opposite As unci on. In the Chaco it is very crooked and shallow, and obstructed by sand-bars; the lower portion is brackish. Many vain attempts have been made to explore it, with the object of opening a route to Bolivia: a scheme now generally right-hand tributary of the believed to be impracticable. The French explorer Crevaux, who tried to ascend the river in 1882, was killed by the Indians, with all his party. Length unknown (prob. ably about 1,400 miles). Pilgrim, The. 1. A play by Fletcher, produced at court in 1621 and printed in 1647. In 1700 Sir John Vanbrugh produced an alteration which was revived in 1812.-2. A tragedy by Thomas Kill i grew, printed in 1664. Pilgrimage of Grace. An insurrection in Yorkshire and Lincoln shire 1536-37, headed by Robert Aske. It was occasioned by the ecclesiastical and political reforms of Henry VIII. The rebels occupied York, where they were joined by the Archbishop of York. Their number having increased to 30,000, they proceeded to Don caster, where they were induced to disband by the representations of the royal commi ioners. Finding themselves deceived, they rose again under Sir Francis Bigod. Martial law was declared in the north, and the rising was suppre ed with great severity. Pilgrim Fathers, The. The founders of Plymouth Colony, Ma achusetts, in 1620. Pilgrims, Chaucer's. See Canterbury Tales . Pilgrims of the Rhine. A descriptive work by Bulwer, published in 1834. Pilgrim's Progre , The. A famous allegory, by John Bunyan, which recounts the adventures of the hero Christian in journeying from the City of Destruction to the heavenly Jerusalem. It was composed while Bunyan was in prison, between 1660 and 1672. The first part was printed in 1678. A second part (1684) narrates the similar travels of Christian a, Christian's wife. Pilgrim's Tale, The. A poem thought by Thynne to have been Chaucer's. He printed it, but it was not published, being objected to by the bishops. It was lost, apparently; and, attention having been directed to it, it was searched for in vain for over two hundred years. Tyrwhitt found part of it, examined it, and it disappeared again. At length it was rediscovered and printed by the Chaucer wound acquainted with Chancer's work, but writing after 1532. Pillars of Hercules. In ancient geography, the two opposite promontories Calpe (Gibraltar) in Europe and Abyla in Africa, situated at the eastern extremity of the Strait of Gibraltar, sentinels, as it were, at the outlet from the Med- i terrane an into the unknown Atlantic. Accord- ing to one of several explanations of the name, they were supposed to have been torn asunder by Hercules. Com- pare Melkarth . Pillau (pil'lou). A seaport, fortre , and wa- tering-place in the province of East Pru ia, Pru ia, situated at the entrance to the Frisches Haff, 25 miles west of Königsberg. Pillnitz (pil'nits). A royal Saxon castle, situ- ated on the Elbe 6 miles southeast of Dresden. Pillnitz, Convention of. A meeting at Pillnitz in Aug., 1791, between the emperor Leopold II., Frederick William II. of Pru ia, and the Comte d'Artois (later Charles X. of France). They i ued a declaration hostile to the French Revolution, which formed the basis of the first coalition against France. Pillow, Fort. See Fort Pillow . Pillow (pil'ō), Gideon Johnson. Born in Wil- liamson County, Tenn., June 8, 1806: died in Lee County, Ark., Oct. 6, 1878. An American general. He served with distinction first as a brigadier- general and afterward as a major-general of volunteers in the Mexican war, at the close of which he resumed the practice of law in Tenne ee. He became a brigadier-gen- eral in the Confederate army at the beginning of the Civil War; commanded under General Leonidas Polk at the bat tle of Belmont, Mi ouri, Nov. 7, 1861; and was second in command under General John B. Floyd at Fort Do nelson in Feb., 1862, when he escaped with his chief, leaving Gen- eral Buckner to surrender the post to General Grant. Pilot Knob (pilot nob). A hill consisting al- most entirely of iron ore, situated 73 miles south by west of St. Louis. tury A. D. A Roman procurator of Judea, Piloty (pe-lo'te), Ferdinand. Born at Munich, Idumea, and Samaria 26-36 A. D. He tried and condemned Christ. He is the subject of many legends. Pilate, Arch of. An arch in Jerusalem which spans the Via Dolorosa. It has been venerated by pilgrims since the middle ages, but is held to be in fact the remains of a triumphal arch of the time of Hadrian. Pilate's Staircase. See Scala Santa . Pilatus (pē-lä tös), Mount. A mountain on the border of the cantons of Lucerne and Unterwalden, Switzerland, 7 miles south-southwest Oct. 9, 1828. A genre and historical painter, brother of Karl von Piloty, whose style has influenced him. He is an honorary member of the Munich Academy. Piloty, Karl von. Born at Munich, Oct. 1, 1826: died at Munich, July 21, 1886. A noted German historical painter, profe or in the Munich Academy from 1858, and its director after 1874. Among his paintings are "Seni before the Body of Wal lens tein," "Nero on the Ruins of Rome," "Columbus Pinch wife, Mr. as Discoverer of America," "Galileo in Prison," "Death of "Cæsar," "Triumph of Germanic us," etc. Pilpay (pil'pi), or Bidpai (bid'pi). "The Fables of Pilpay" is the alternative title of "Kalilah and Dimnah," the Arabic translation of the Pahlavi translation of the Sanskrit original of the Pan chat antra. See Kalilah and Dimnah. According to the Arabic introduction, Dabshelim was the first king of the Indian restoration after the fall of the governor appointed by Alexander B. C. 326, and was very wicked. To reclaim him, a Brahman has recourse to parable. This wise man is called in Arabic bidbah, and in Syriac bidvag. These words Benfey traces through the Pahlavi to the Sanskrit vidyapati, master of sciences.' Accordingly bidbah, which has become Bidpai or Pilpay in modern books, is not a proper name, but an appellative applied to the chief pandit or court scholar of an Indian prince. La Fontaine tells us that he owes most of his new material to Pilpay, the Indian sage. Régnier's edition of