Aramea

or Aramæa. See Aram . Aragon (ar'a-gon). An ancient kingdom, now a captaincy-general of Spain, capital Sara- go a, bounded by France on the north, by Catalonia on the east, by Valencia on the south, and by New Castile, Old Castile, and Navarre on Arameans, or Aramæans. See Aram. the west, comprising the provinces of Huesca, Aramaic (ar-a-ma'ik). One of the Semitic fam- and intersected by the Ebro. During the middle ages it was one of the two chief Christian powers in the pen in- sula. In 1035 it became a kingdom; was united to Catalo- nia in 1137; rose to great influence through its acquisitions in the 13th and 14th centuries of Valencia, the Balearic Castile in 1479 through the marriage of Ferdinand of Ara- Islands, Sardinia, and the Sicilies; and was united with gon with Isabella of Castile. Area, 17,973 square miles. Population (1887), 910,830. Formerly also Arragon . Aragon. A river, about 125 miles long, which rises in the Pyrenees, flows west and southwest through Aragon and Navarre, and joins the Ebro at Milagro. Aragona (ä-rä-gō'nä). A town in the province of Girgenti, Sicily, 8 miles north of Girgenti. There are sulphur-mines in its vicinity. Pop- ulation, about 9,000. Aragua (ä-rä'gwä). A noted valley in northern Venezuela, east of Lake Valencia. It gave name to a former province of Venezuela. Araguari (ä-rä-gwä-re'). A river in northern Brazil which flows into the Atlantic north of IMG:content-0104.png:[merged small][ocr errors][merged small] IMG:content-0105.png:[blocks in formation] Arad, or Old Arad. A royal free city in the county of Arad, Hungary, situated on the Ma- Araish. See El - Araish . ros in lat. 46 12 N. long. 21° 16' E.: a rail- way center, the chief emporium in southeastern Hungary, and an important fortre . It has a large trade in grain, wine, tobacco, spirits, and cattle. In the revolution of 1849 it played an important part; it was taken from the Austrians after a long siege; was sur rendered by the Hungarians Aug., 1849; and was the scene of the military executions by Haynau, Oct. 6, 1849. Popu- IMG:content-0106.png:[blocks in formation] islands at the entrance of Galway Bay, western coast of Ireland: In ish more (length 8 miles), In ish main, In i sheer: about lat. 55° N. Arana, Diego Barros. See Barros Arana, Dieg about lat. 6o S. Its length is about 1,000 miles, Abarca y Bolea). Born at Sarago a, 1718: and it is navigable for about 750 miles. Arakan, or Aracan (ä-rä-kän'). A division in the northern part of British Burma, ceded to the British in 1826. Population, 671,899. Arakan. A decayed city in the division of Ara- kan, in lat. 20° 42′ N., long. 93° 24′ E. Araktcheyeff (ä-räk-chā'yef), Count Alexei. Born Oct. 4, 1769: died at Grusino, government of Novgorod, Ru ia, May 3, 1834. A Ru ian general and minister of war (1806), the organ- izer of the military colonies in Ru ia 1822-25. Aral Sea (ar'al sē), or Sea of Khuwarizm. A brackish inländ sea of Ru ian Central Asia, in lat. 43° 42′-46° 44′ N., long. 58°18′-61° 46′ E. Aranda de Duero (ä-rän'da da dwārō). A town in the province of Burgos, Spain, situated on the Duero 57 miles east of Valladolid. Population (1887), 5,719. but has no outlet and is thought to have been formerly dry, the Amu-Daria and Sir-Daria then discharging into the Caspian Sea. The Aral is generally shallow (maxi- mum depth 37 fathoms), and is veiled by storms. Its length is 225 miles, greatest width 185 miles, height above sea-level about 160 feet, and area 24,500 square miles. It Aranjuez, Peace of. A treaty of alliance against England concluded between France and Spain, Aram (ā'ram), or Aramea, or Aramæa (ar-a- 1772. mē'ä). [L. Aram , Gr. Ἀράμ, Heb. Ardm ; L. Aransas Bay (a-ran'zas bā). An arm of the * Aramæa (sc.regio). The common etymology Gulf of Mexico, northeast of Corpus Christ i Bay. highland' is very doubtful.] The biblical name of the country extending from the west- Aransas Pa . A strait, the entrance to Aran- ern frontiers of Babylonia to the highlands of sas Bay. western Asia. The inhabitants of this country are IMG:content-0107.png:[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small] the name by Syria. The Old Testament mentions six di- visions of the country, among them being Aram Naharaïm (Gen. xxiv. 10), i. e., of the two rivers; Me so pot am i a, prob- ably the territory between the Euphrates and the Chabor formed Gymnasium at Nagy-Körös in 1854, director of the IMG:content-0108.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0109.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0110.png:[ocr errors][merged small] and A me no phis III. conquered it several times; but after repeated attacks it finally foll to the A yrians. The Ara- means became an important factor in the A yrian state; their language seems to have become the common speech of trade and diplomacy, and gradually supplanted A yrian in As syria and Hebrew in Palestine. See also Syria . scholar, executed for fraud and the murder of dian Territory, and 885 at Shoshone Agency, Wyoming. Yorkshire. 1704: died Aug. 6, 1759. An English There are 1272 at the Cheyenne and Arapaho Agency, In -b Daniel Clark, committed in Knaresborough in 1745. He taught at Knaresborough and elsewhere, and See Algonquian . Arapiles (ä-rä-pēles). A village near Sala- amanca, 1812. name of the river Saône. near Knaresborough, secured Aram's conviction. On his trial he defended himself with unusual ability. He was languages, and has been credited with the discovery of IMG:content-0111.png:[blocks in formation] Araxes and the lakes Van and Urumiah; also used for all Armenia, and for the mountain- ridge in the south of that country. The usual statement that Noah's ark rested on Mount Ararat has no foundation in the Hebrew text, which reads "on the moun- tains of Ararat." In the A yrian cuneiform inscriptions the country is mentioned under the name Urartu, and Araujo de Azevedo (ä-rou zhö de ä-za-vā'dō), zilian statesman, regent of Brazil during the minority of the emperor Pedro II., April 22, 1838, to July 23, 1840. The emperor created him vis- count of Olinda in 1841, and marquis of Olinda in 1854. He was senator, and several times prime minister (1848- 1849, 1857-59, 1862-64, 1865-66). IMG:content-0112.png:[ocr errors] Ararat. A town in Ripon County, Victoria, Australia, situated on Hopkins River 55 miles northwest of Ballarat. It contains gold-fields. Population, about 4,000. Araros (ar'a-ros). [Gr. Ἀραρώς .] An A then i an comic poet, the son of Aris toph anes. He brought out his father's "Plutus" 388 B. c., and ap- peared as an original poet 375 в. с. Antonio de. Born near Ponte de Lima, May 14, 1754: died at Rio de Janeiro, June 21, 1817. A Portuguese statesman and diplomatist. He was made minister of war and foreign affairs, July, 1804, and toward the end of 1807 prime minister. It was by his advice that the Portuguese court fled to Brazil (Nov., 1807). Arrived at Rio de Janeiro (March, 1808), he resigned, remaining a member of the Council of State, and in 1815 was created conde de Barca. In 1814 he was minister of marine, and in 1817 was again called to be prime minister, holding the position until his death. Araujo Porto-Alegre (ä-rou'zhö por tö-ä-lā- gre), Manoel de. Born at Rio Pardo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, Nov. 29, 1806: died at Lisbon, Portugal, Dec. 30, 1879. A Brazilian poet, painter, and architect: author of a col- lection of poems entitled “Brazilian as." Arausio (a-ra's hi-ō). [Gr. Ἀραυσίων .] A town of the Cavari, the modern Orange, France. Aravalli, or Aravali (ar-a-väl'e), or Aravulli (ar-a-vul'i) Hills. A range of mountains in Rajputana, India, about 300 miles in length, extending from northeast to southwest. Its highest point is Mount Abu (about 5,000 feet). Arawaks (ärä-wäks). A tribe of Indians, now reduced to a few you sand, living in a semi- civilized state in British Guiana, near the coast. Formerly they were very numerous, and they appear to have occupied most of the West Indian islands with the coasts of Guiana and part of Venezuela. At the time of the conquest they had been driven out of the Le er Antilles by invasions of the Caribs, but were found by Columbus in Haiti, and it is probable that the first Indians discovered by him in the Bahamas were of the same race. waks were a gentle, well-disposed people, practising agri- culture, but with little civilization. They were constantly forced to defend themselves against the Caribs. Also written Arrawacs , Arwakas , Arruagues . Arawan (ä-rä-wän'). An oasis and trading cen- ter in the French Sahara, 140 miles northwest of Timbuktu. Araxes (a-rak'sēz). [Gr. Ἀράξης .] The an- Arber's English Reprints. A series of re- prints of English prose and poetry in 30 num- bers, in 14 volumes (1st ed. 1868), ranging from 1516 to 1712. These are somewhat longer than the pieces printed in the "Garner." Arbil (är-bel'). See Arbela . Arblay (är'bla), Madame d' (Frances Bur- ney). Born at Lynn Regis, England, June 13, 1752: died at Bath, England, Jan. 6, 1840. A noted English novelist. She was the daughter of Dr. Burney, the musician, and the wife (married July 31, 1793) of General d'Arblay. She wrote "Evelina, or a Young Lady's Entrance into the World" (1778), "Ce- cilia" (1782), "Edwy and Elvina," a tragedy (acted March 21, 1795), "Camilla" (1796), "Love and Fashion," a com- edy (1800), "The Wanderer" (1814), "Memoirs of Dr. Bur- ney" (1832), "Letters and Diaries" (5 vols. 1842; 2 vols. 1846). From 1786 to 1791 she occupied a subordinate position at court. Arboga (är-bo'gä). A town in the län of Wes- terås, Sweden, situated on the Arboga near Lake Mälar, 76 miles northwest of Stockholm. It Arbogast (är'bo-gast), or Arbogastes (är-bo- gas'tēz). Died 394 A. D. A Frankish general in the Roman service. Val ent in i an II. was slain by his order while participating in the athletic sports of the soldiers, and Eugenius, a client of Arbogast, was pro- claimed emperor. He was defeated by Theodosius in 394, on the Frigid us north of Aquileia, and after marching about the mountains for two days fell upon his sword, and so perished. Arbois (är-bwä'). A town in the department of Jura, France, in lat. 46° 55′ N., long. 5° 45′ E., famous for its wines. It is the birthplace of Pichegru. Population (1891), 4,355. Arboisde Jubainville (är-bwäʼdėzhü-bańʼvēl), Marie Henri d'. Born at Nancy, Dec. 5, 1827. A French archæologist. Arboleda (är-bo-lā'тнä), Julio. Born in Bar- bacoas, 1817: died Nov. 12, 1862. A Colom- bian poet and revolutionist. He early took rank among the first poets of Spanish America, but the manu- script of his greatest work, "Gonzalo de Oyon," was de- stroyed by a personal enemy, and only portions which had been copied were published. In 1856 he joined the revolt in Antioquia, became its leader, and in alliance with More no, president of Ecuador, carried on a war Araxes (Aras) seems to have been a name common in the days of Hero dot us to all the great streams flowing into the Caspian, just as Don has been to all the great Scythian rivers ( Tan - ais, Dan -aper or Dniepr, Danaster or Dniestr, Donau, Don -aub or Dan -ube, .), and as Avon is to so many English streams. Rawlinson , Herod., III. 9, note. Arbaces (är'ba-sēz or är-bā'sēz). [Gr. Ap- βάκης.] The founder of the Median empire. He reigned about 876-848 в. с. Arbaces. 1. In Beaumont and Fletcher's “King and No King," the King of Iberia, whose nature is a compound of vainglory and violence. - 2. A character in Dr. Arne's opera "Arta- xerxes."-3. In Byron's "Sardana pal us," the Governor of Media, who became, in place of Sardana pal us, the king of Nineveh and As- syria. acter in Racine's play “Mithridate.” Arbe (är'bā), Slav. Rab (räb). An island, about 14 miles long, in the Adriatic Sea 35 miles southeast of Fiume, belonging to Dalmatia, Austria-Hungary. Arbedo (är-bā'do). A village in the canton of Ticino, Switzerland, 2 miles northeast of Bel- linzona. Here, 1422, the Swi defeated the Milanese ("battle of St. Paul"). Arbela (är-beʻlä). [See Arbaïlu .] In ancient geography, a town in As syria, lat. 36° 8′ Ν., long. 44° 4′ E., the modern Arbil, Erbil, or Ervil. It was an early seat of the worship of Istar, and a place of considerable importance. Near here, at Gaugamela, the Maced on i ans (47,000) under Alexander the Great de- feated the Persian army (about 1,000,000?) under Darius, in 331 B. C. This battle led to the final overthrow of the Persian empire. Arber (är'ber). The highest group of the Böh merwald, situated in Bavaria about 50 miles east of Ratisbon. The height of the Gro er Arber is about 4,780 feet. Arber's English Garner. A series of selec- tions of English prose and poetry in 10 volumes, printed by Edward Arber from manuscript or Arc (ärk). A river in the department of Savoie, France, which joins the Isère at Chamou et. Its length is about 90 miles. Arc, Joan of. See Joan of Arc . Arcachon (är-kä-shon'). A watering-place in the department of Gironde, France, situated on They are mostly tracts, poems, and short pieces, given with modern spelling. The series of "English Reprints" follows the original exactly. Arcades Sannazaro. Arcadia (är-kä-dē'ä). A nomarchy of modern Greece. Are Area, 1,661 square miles. Population (1896), 167,092. Arcadia (är-kā'di-ä). 1. A description of shepherd life, life, in prose and verse, by Sannazaro, written toward the end of the 15th century. Though itself not a pastoral romance, it appears to have first opened the field to that species of composition. 2. A pastoral romance by Sir Philip Sidney, published in 1590, but written in 1580–81. Its whole title is "The Counte of Pembroke's Arcadia." Although the scenes are artificial, the freshne of Sidney's style gives reality and interest to it. 3. A romance by Robert Greene, published in 1589. It is formed on the model of Sidney's celebrated pastoral, which, though it was not printed till some years after the publication of Greene's Arcadia, had been written a considerable time before it. Dunlop , Hist. of Prose Fiction, II. 557. 4. A pastoral romance by Lope de Vega, modeled on Sannazaro, which, though written long before, was not printed till 1598.-5. А pastoral play by Shirley, printed 1640, having been acted some time previously. This is a dramatization of Sir Philip Sidney's romance. Arcadius (är-kāʼdi-us). [Gr. Ἀρκάδιος .] Born in Spain 383 (377) A. D.: died May 1, 408. Byzantine emperor 395-408, the elder of the two sons of Theodosius and Flaccilla. He succeeded, under the guardianship of Rufinus, to the eastern half of the empire on the death of his father and the permanent division of the Roman Empire. Rufinus claimed the civil government also of the Western Empire, and was murdered in 395 by Gainas, commander of the Gothic mercenaries at Constantinople, who acted under the instructions of Stilicho, the guardian of Arcadius's brother Honor i us, emperor of the West. Arcadius now fell under the influence of the eunuch Eutropius, supported by Gainas. After the death of Eutropius (399) and of Gainas (401) he was governed entirely by his di olute wife Eudoxia. In this reign Alaric settled with his West Goths in Illyria, and was appointed dux in Illyricum orientale . Arcady (är'ka-di). An obsolete or poetical form of Arcadia . Arcagnolo. See Orcagna. Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel (ärk dė trēônf' dü kä-rö-sel'). [F., 'triumphal arch of the tilting-yard.'] A triumphal arch built by Napoleon I. at Paris, in commemoration of his victories of 1805-06, in the square inclosed by the Tuileries and the Louvre. It imitates, on a smaller scale, the Arch of Const an tine at Rome. It has a large archway between two small ones, flanked by Corin thian columns, an entablature, and a high attic. Reliefs over the small archways represent incidents of the campaigns; over the columns are placed statues of soldiers of the empire, and in the spandrels of the large archway are sculptured Victories. On the summit is a group in bronze representing a four-horse chariot. The height is 48 feet, the width 634. Arc de Triomphe de l'Étoile (ärk dė tre-ônf' dė la-twäl'). [F., 'triumphal arch of the star.'] A triumphal arch, the largest existing, at the head of the Champs Élysées, Paris. It was begun in 1806 by Napoleon I., but not finished until 1836. The structure is 146 feet wide, 160 high, and 72 deep. Its chief fronts are pierced with a single archway 67 feet high and 46 wide, and the ends have smaller archways. The spandrels of the large archway are adorned with Victories by Pradier, and flanked by large rectangular panels representing military episodes, as do the reliefs of the frieze. Above the heavy cornice there is an attic with shields bearing titles of victories. Against the four of the fronts are placed pedestals, upon which are colo al high reliefs representing (east front) triumph of Napoleon and Peace of Vienna (1810), by Cortot depart ure of troops for the frontier in 1792, by Rude; (west front) ble ings of peace (1815), and resistance of France to invasion (1814), both by Etex. The vaults are inscribed with the names of battles won by France, and of Republican and Imperial officers. Arcesilaus (är-ses-i-lā'us), or Arcesilas (ärses'i-las). [Gr. Αρκεσίλαος , Doric Ἀρκεσίλας .] Born at Pitane, Æolis, about 316 в. с.: died about 241 в. с. A Greek skeptical philosopher, founder of the second Academy. Arch (ärch), Joseph. Born at Barford, War IMG:content-0113.png:[merged small][ocr errors] Arch of August us, or Porta Romana. A fine simple Roman triumphal arch at Rimini, Italy, built in 27 B. c. in honor of the restoration of the Flam in i an Way. It is of white travertine, 45.9 feet high and 28.8 thick, with a single arch 29.5 feet high and 26.9 wide. A Corinthian fluted column on each side of the archway supports an entablature, above which of divinities. Arch of Const an tine. An arch in Rome built 312 A. D. in honor of Const an tine's triumph over two smaller ones, and four Corinthian columns on each front. The attic bears a long inscription. Much of its abundant sculpture was taken from the destroyed Arch of Trajan; that of Const an tine's artists, a ociated with it, is much inferior. Arch of Drusus. An arch (wrongly named) built by Car a call a to carry an aqueduct for the supply of his thermæ over the Via Appia near the gate of San Sebastiano. It is built of traver- tine, incrusted with white marble, and decorated with Composite columns, and originally had on each side an entablature and a pediment. The style is very poor. Arch of Hadrian. A triumphal gateway at Athens, probably built by Hadrian, between the old city and his new quarter. It is 59 feet high, with a single arch 20 feet high. Above the arch there is an attic with three large openings, originally closed. Above the central opening there is a pediment. The arch was decorated on each side with Corinthian col- Arch of Janus Quadrifrons. An arch in the Velabrum, Rome, at the northeastern extrem- ity of the Forum Boarium. It is a four-way arch of marble, largely built of older architectural fragments, late in period and degraded in style. The interior is cov- ered with a simple groined vault. The four fronts bear 32 niches for statues of divinities, and on the ma ive piers 16 blind niches flanking the archways. The attic is de- stroyed. The structure was used in antiquity as a kind umns. of financial exchange. Arch of Septimius Severus. An arch in the Roman Forum, dedicated 203 A. D., in commemoration of victories over the Parthians. It is of Pentelic marble, with a central arch and two side arches, flanked by four Corinthian columns on each face. There reliefs of Roman triumphs. The attic bears inscriptions. Arch of Titus. An arch in Rome, built in commemoration of the taking of Jerusalem. It has a single archway, the opening flanked on each face by four Composite columns. The spandrels bear Victories are panels over the side arches and a frieze above all with in relief, and on the high attic is the dedicatory inscription. The vault is richly coffered and sculptured, and the interior faces of the piers display reliefs of Titus in triumph, with the plunder of the temple at Jerusalem, in which the seven-branched candlesticks are conspicuous. Arch of Trajan. 1. An arch over the Appian Way at Ben even to, Italy, dedicated A. D. 114, and one of the finest of ancient arches. It is of white marble, 48 feet high and 301 wide, with a single arch measuring 27 by 165 feet. On each face there are four engaged Corinthiaedatticons The arch is profusely sculptured with reliefs illustrating Trajan's life and his Dacian triumphs. There are Victories in the spandrels and dedicatory inscriptions on the central panels of the attic. 2. An arch erected at Ancona A. D. 112. It is of white marble, and stands at the end of the breakwater columns, with an entablature, built by Trajan, and is perhaps the best-proportioned all Roman triumphal arches. It has a single opening 46 by 29 feet, two engaged Corinthian columns on the face of each pier, and a high attic above the entablature. Archangel (ärk-an'jel), or Archangelsk (ärchäng'gelsk). The largest and northernmost government of Ru ia, bounded by the Arctic Ocean, the White Sea, the Ural Mountains, Finland, and the governments of Vologda and Olonetz. The surface is generally level, sterile in the north and covered with forests in the south. Area, 331, 505 square miles. Population (1897), 347,560. Archangel, or Archangelsk. A seaport, the capital of the government of Archangel, situated on the Dwina near the White Sea in lat. 64° 32′ N., long. 40° 33′ E.: the chief commercial town in the north of Ru ia, and long the only Ru ian seaport. The harbor is open from May to September. Archangel exports grain, flax, linseed, pitch, skins, tar, etc. It was visited by the English in 1553, and an English factory was built. A Ru ian fort was built in 1584. The town was blockaded by the British in 1854 and in 1855. Population, 17,802. Archangel Bay, or Gulf of Archangel. An arm of the White Sea near Archangel. Archas. The person in Fletcher's "The Loyal Subject" who gives to the play its name: a general of the Muscovites whose loyalty is of that exaggerated description that bears all kinds of outrage from an unworthy king. Young Archas, the son of the general, disguises himself as a woman, and takes the name of Alinda. Archdale (ärch'dal), John. An English colonial official, governor of North Carolina about 1695-96. service of Mithridates. He was defeated by Sulla at Chærone a in 86 B. C., and at Or cho menus in 85, and deserted to the Romans in 81. Archelaus. King of Egypt 56 or 55 в. с., a son of Archelaus of Cappadocia. He became high priest at Comana 63 B. C., and secured the hand of Berenice, queen of Egypt, by representing himself to be the son of Mithridates Eupator. He was defeated and slain by the Romans after a reign of six months. Archelaus. King of Cappadocia from about 34 B. c. to 17 A. D., a grandson grandson of Archelaus (about 56 B. C.). He owed his elevation to Mark Antony, who was captivated by the charms of Archelaus's mother, Glaphyra. He sided with Antony in the war with Octavian; was suffered, after the defeat of Antony, to retain his kingdom, to which was subsequently added part of Cilicia and Le er Armenia; and was summoned to Rome by Tiberius, where he was detained till his death. Archelaus. Died at Vienna, Gaul. Ethnarch of Judea, Samaria, and Idumea about 3 в. с.7 A.D., a son of Herod the Great. He was deposed by August us. Archelaus. Lived probably in the 1st century A. D. A Greek sculptor. A bas-relief, the "Apotheosis of Homer," carved by him, is in the British Museum. Archenholz (ärchen-holts), Baron Johann Wilhelm von. Born near Dantzic, Sept. 3, 1743: died near Hamburg, Feb. 28, 1812. A German historian. He wrote "Geschichte des siebenjährigen Kriegs" (1793, "History of the Seven Years' War"), etc. Archer (är'cher), Branch T. Born 1790: died Sept. 22, 1856. A Texan revolutionist and politician. He removed to Texas in 1831, presided over the "Consultation" Nov. 3, 1835, was a member of the first Texan congre 1836, was sent to Washington where he became speaker of the House and was secretary of war, 1839-42. Archer. In Farquhar's comedy "The Beaux" Stratagem," a friend of Aimwell who pretends to be his servant in order to further the succe of the stratagem. He carries on various lively adventures on his own account. See Aimwell . Archer, The. See Sag it tar i us . Archer River. A river in Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia, which flows into the Gulf of Carpentaria. Archias (är'ki-as), Aulus Licinius. [Gr. Ap χίας .] A Greek poet, a native of Antioch (from about 120 в. C.). Cicero defended him (61 B. C.) against the charge of a uming Roman citizenship illegally, in an oration (pro Archia poet a) from which chiefly he is known. Archibald (är'chi-bald), Sir Adams George. Born at Truro, Nova Scotia, May 18, 1814: died at Halifax, Dec.14, 1892. A Canadian politician and jurist, secretary of state for the Dominion of Canada 1867-68, and lieutenant-governor of Manitoba and the Northwest Territories 1870– 1873. He was knighted in 1885. Arch i dam us (är-ki-dā'mus) II. [Gr. Ἀρχίδα μος.] King of Sparta 469 to about 427 B. c. He led the Peloponnesian army against Athens in the be ginning of the Peloponnesian war. Arch i dam us III. King of Sparta from 361 to 338 B. C. He defeated the Arcadians and Argives in the "Tearle Battle," 367, and was killed in battle in 338. Arch i dam us. A Bohemian lord in Shakspere's "Winter's Tale." Arch i genes (är-kij'e-nēz). [Gr. Ἀρχιγένης .] Α Greek physician, a native of Apamea in Syria, who practised in Rome in the time of Trajan (98-117 A. D.): the most celebrated of the eclectics. He was the author of a treatise on the pulse, to which Galen added a commentary. Archil och us (är-kil'ō-kus). [Gr. ' Αρχίλοχος .] A Greek lyric poet of Paros who flourished about 700 в. с. (the date is much disputed). He was famous for his satiric iambic poetry. "The Emperor Hadrian judged that the Muses had shown a special mark of favor to Homer in leading Archil och us into a different department of poetry." ( Smith .) The invention of elegiacs was attributed to him. See Call in us . He [Archil och us] was born of a good family at Paros, but lived, owing to poverty, a life of roving adventure, partly, it appears, as a mercenary soldier, partly as a colonist to Thasos; nor do his wanderings appear to have been confined to eastern Hellas, for he speaks in praise of the rich plains about the Siris in Italy (frag. 21). He was Archil och us betrothed to Neobule, the youngest daughter of Lycam bes, his townsman; but when she was refused him, probably on account of his poverty, he vented his rage and disappointment in those famous satires which first showed the full power of the iambic metre, and were the wonder and the delight of all antiquity. He ended his life by the death he doubtle desired, on the field of battle. In coarsene , tersene , and bitterne he may justly be called the Swift of Greek literature. But even the scanty fragments of Archil och us show a range of feeling and a widene of sympathy far beyond the complete works of Swift. Mahaffy , Hist. Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 159. Archil och us, if not absolutely the inventor, was the creator of these two metres, the iambic and trochaic, as truly as Homer was the creator of the heroic measure.