SINN FEIN

(Irish for ‘Ourselves’) been defined by the historian of the movement as ‘the expre ion in political theory and action of the claim of Ireland to be a nation, with \ all the practical! C consequences which such a claim volves.’ It arose as a language, literary, and economic movement with no nitely republican character, and_ political aim was originally the restoration of the Trish constitution of 1782. Tt first crystallized into a definite ganization in Nov., 1905. It was sup-: nar riffith, the author and brain| of the movement, who advocated Hungarian policy’ of the withdrawal the Irish members from Parliament. a parl. election in co. Leitrim in 1908 Was casity pee and woe that date 1 was ective and practically| moribund. But it had always a publican left wing, and gain support to|owing to the vici itudes of the Home the Ulster youner Pale e at ie mainly imbued with its ideas, but when | Movement Mr. Redmond his followers endorsed in the 1b were volunteer soon all Bee Rie Redineanre Aten the joining the army, while the minority, declaring that ‘England’s difficulty was im. | Lreland’s opportunity,’ pursued a hostile de- | Policy which eventuated in the rebellion | Cie taken to suppre bccun): the rebellion ‘id’ metho swelled the ranks o h ve f ons in h pevere good atmosphere for an Iris eee a ocia-}™ent, through the Irish Convention into (which, however, Sinn Fein refused to join), the rebellion prisoners were all released. The hoped-for improvement an|in Irish feeling did not follow, and Sinn and}and Clare Sinn Fein led the opposition was | to conscription. In 1918 the leading Sinn Feiners were in| again imprisoned on suspicion of com- | plicity in a Ger. plot. At the general | election in Dec. Sinn Fein completely defeated the constitutional party, and elected on republican principles 73 members who have refused to take their seats in nate pope. The leaders pha once more released from prison. C) elected members constituted themselves Parliament called Dail Eireann, apa pointed ministers, and declared ‘a | republic in being’ under the presidency of |of Eamonn de Valera. In 1920 Sinn the Fein secured control of all the local the authorities outside N. E. Ulster. It has exestablished republican courts which operate in twenty-seven counties. With the aid of the Labor party it has exerhas cised a form of food control. A republiter Seon of a million tn sterling su bacepeena in Of Aeneas Ireland and a went On a mi ion intended to uce in-|the American Government to recognize | the Irish republic. Dail Eireann and defi-|the various Sinn Fein organizations its} were proclaime d illegal under the Crimes Act, 1887, and prosecutio ns of the leaders followed. The operations of the or-| movement aimed at making the Imby |iand, and there were numerous attacks on the police, the military, and the mail ‘the| service. For activities and history of of Sinn Fein, prior to and following At the establishment of the Irish Free State it | seg In eLaND 4; re-|E.), seaport, on Black Sea, Asia Mites | founded by a colony from Miletus, 630 B. C.; became center of Gk. trade on the Euxine; taken by Pharnaces, 182 B. C., and made capital of Pontus; birthplace CoS aapetagcn and of Diogenes. Pop. 8,;