HE IN RICH, KARL

(1873), Ger. financier; was a prof. of political economy in Berlin Univ., entered Foreign Office, 1901 as an expert in colonial affairs and economics; he took a prominent part in connection with Anatolian Ry. conce ion, and became director of Deutsche Bank, 1908. Shortly after outbreak of World War he was made secretary to Imperial Treasury, in which capacity he created vast amounts of paper money, and skilfully contrived to bolster up succe ive war loans by transferences of ‘paper.’ His finance was based on expectations of huge indemnities from vanquished, and though his dexterous handling of facts and figures sustained for a time public confidence in Germany in her ‘inexhaustible resources,’ he could not prevent steady fall of mark on foreign exchanges. In 1916 he became secretary of state for the interior, and deputy imperial chancellor, but resigned towards end of 1917. He was Germany's chosen negotiator of economic terms for her enemies, and, as amba ador to Ru ia 1918, was real author of supplementary treaties imposed on Bolshevists; pub.:a book on origin of the war, 1919. mountain range, Boeotia, Greece; traditional home of Muses.