Pensa

See Penza. Pensacola (pen-sa-kō'lä), or Panzacola (pan-zakola). [Pl, also Pens a colas .) A tribe of Nord koʻlä). the present city and harbor of Pensacola, western Florida. The name is from a Choctaw word meaning 'hair people.' They became extinct through intertribal wars. See Muskhogean . Pensacola. [From the Indian tribal name.] A seaport and the capital of Escambia County, Florida, situated on Pensacola Bay in lat. 300 25′ N., long. 87° 13' W. It has an important export trade in lumber, fish, fruit, and vegetables. It was settled by the French and Spaniards at the end of the 17th century; was taken by Bienville in 1719, and restored to Spain in 1723; was ceded to Great Britain in 1763; was taken by the Spaniards in 1781; and was ceded to Spain in 1783. Jackson expelled the British from it in 1814, and took it from the Spaniards in 1818. It pa ed to the United States in 1821. Near it is a United States navyyard: this was seized by the Confederates in Jan., 1861, and regained in 1862. Population (1890), 11,750. Pensacola Bay. A landlocked inlet of the Gulf of Mexico, on the northwestern coast of Florida. Length, about 30 miles. Pensées sur la Religion. [F., 'Thoughts on Religion.'] A philosophical and theological work by Blaise Pascal (published 1670: edited by Faugère 1844, by Havet 1881). Pen Selwood (pen sel'wud). A place in Somerset, England, where Edmund Ironside defeated the Danes under Canute in 1016. Penseroso (pen-se-rō'sō), Il. [It. il pensieroso , the pensive man.] A poem by Milton, written about 1632. It is based on the song "Hence all you Vain Delights," by Fletcher, in "Nice Valor." Pensioned (or Pension) or Cavalier Parliament. A name given to the English Parliament of 1661-79, which was favorable to the Cavalier or Royalist cause. λεια.] In Greek legend, a queen of the Amazons who aided the Trojans against the Greeks. She was slain by Achilles. Pepin the Died King Pepind died King of A quit an i a 817-838, Pepin of Heristal. Died 714. A ruler of the Franks. He became major dom us of Austrasia in 676, and in 687 became sole major dom us over all the Franks by his victory at Testri over the major dom us of Neus son of Louis le Débonnaire (see Louis tri a. He thenceforth styled himself dux et princeps Francorum. Pepin (pēʻpin), Lake. An expansion of the Mi i ippi between Minnesota and Wisconsin, legend, a king of Thebes who was torn to pieces by his mother Agave and other mænads while attempting to stop a Bacchic festival. Penthièvre (pon-tyā'vr). An ancient territory in Britt any, France, corresponding in the main to the department of Côtes-du-Nord. It was a county in the middle ages. Pentland Firth (pent land fèrth). A sea pa age between the Orkney Islands and the county of Caithne , Scotland. Width, 6 to 8 miles. Pentland Hills. A range of hills in the counties of Edinburgh, Peebles, and Lanark, Scot land. Highest summits, about 1,900 feet. Pentweazel (pent' we-zl), Lady. A charac ter in Foote's comedy "Taste," a kind of Mrs. Malaprop, vain of her lost charms. Penza (pen'zä). 1. A government in eastern Ru ia, bounded by the governments of NijniNovgorod, Simbirsk, Saratoff, and Tamboff. The surface is undulating. The chief occupation is agriculture. Area, 14,997 square miles. Population (1890), 1,596,500. 2. The capital of the government of Penza, situated at the junction of the Penza with the Sura, about lat. 53° 10' N., long. 45° 3′ E. Population (1890), 47,701. Penzacola. See Pensacola . Penzance (pen-zans'). [Corn. Pensans, holy head, from pen , head, and sans , later zanz , holy (from L. sanctus , holy).] A seaport in Cornwall, England, situated on Mounts Bay 21 miles west of Falmouth. It is the westernmost town in England, a watering-place and health-resort. It has considerable trade, and large mackerel and pilchard-fisheries. It was the birthplace of Sir Humphry Davy. Population (1891), 12,448. Penzance, Baron. See Wilde , James Plaisted . Penzing (pent's ing). A western suburb of Pen tamer on (pen-tam'e-ron), The. A A work by Landor, published in 1837. It is principally a dis- Vienna. cu ion between Petrarch and Boccaccio on the literature of Italy, including Dante, Vergil, etc. Pen tamer one (pen-tä-me-rō'ne), Il. A collection of stories in the Neapolitan dialect, by Basile, published in 1672. It is divided into five days, ten stories being included in each, and was the prototype of the French fairy tales. Pent a pol in (pen-tap'ō-lin). A Christian king of the Garamanteans. He is known as "Pent a pol in with the naked arm," as he always fought with his right arm bared. His battle with Ali fanfaron is referred to by Don Quixote. See Ali fanfaron . Pentapolis (pen-tap'o-lis). [Gr. Πεντάπολις , five cities.] A state consisting of five cities, or a group of five cities: used, in ancient geography, of a variety of groups. (1) In Cyrenaica, Africa, a district comprising Cyrene, A poll on i a, Barca, Arsinoë, and Berenice (or Hesperides), with their neighboring territories. (2) In Palestine, the cities of Sodom, Gomorrah, Admah, Zeboim, and Segor. (3) Five cities of the Philis tines: Ascalon, Gaza, Gath, Ekron, and Ashdod. (4) Five Dorian cities in Asia Minor: Cnidos, Cos, Lindos, Camiros, and Jalisos. (5) Five cities in Italy: Rimini, Ancona, Fano, Pesaro, and Sinigaglia, with part of the exarchate of Ravenna. This, also called Pentapolis Maritima, was later included in the Papal States. Pentarchy (pen'tär-ki). 1. A name given to the People's Palace. An institution in East Lon- don, on Mile End Road, intended for the "rec- reation and amusement, the intellectual and material advancement, of the vast artisan pop- People's Party, or Populists (pop'ū-lists). In United States politics, a party formed in 1891, in which were merged the Farmers' Alliance and other kindred organizations. It developed considerable strength in various Southern and Western States, and in 1892 nominated James B. Weaver for Presi- dent. The Populists obtained 22 electoral votes. In 1896 they accepted the Democratic nominee for President, W. J. Bryan, but nominated their own candidate, Thomas E. Watson, for the vice-presidency. Among their aims are an increase of the circulating medium, free coinage of silver, free trade, an income tax, suppre ion of mo- no polies, etc. Peoria. See Illinois . Peoria (pē-ō'ri-ä). [From the Indian name.] A city, capital of Peoria County, Illinois, situated on the Illinois River, at the foot of Peoria Lake, 62 miles north of Springfield. It is a flourishing commercial, manufacturing, and railway center, having an extensive trade in grain. A trading-post was estab- lished here by La Salle in 1680. Population (1890), 41,024. Pepoli, Counte . See Alboni , Marietta . Pepoli (pā pō-lē), Marquis Gioachino. Born at Bologna, Italy, Nov. 6, 1825: died at Rome, March 26, 1881. An Italian liberal politician, grandson of Murat. He defended Bologna against the Austrians in 1848, and was chief of the provisional government in Bologna in 1859. In 1862 he was minister of agri culture and commerce under Rattazzi; in 1863 amba ador at St. Petersburg; and 1868-70 amba ador at Vienna. Pepper (pep'er), Tom. An imaginary character in sailors' legends, said to have been kicked out of heaven for lying. Pepper, William. Born at Philadelphia, Aug. 21, 1843. An American physician and scientist. He was provost of the University of Pennsyl vania 1881-94. ittery, Main Pepper ell, or Pepperrell (pep'er-el), Sir William. Born at Kittery, Maine, June 27, 1696: died at Kittery, July 6, 1759. An American general. He commanded the provincial army which besieged and captured Louis burg in 1745; and was acting governor of Ma achusetts 1756-58. Pepper pot (pep'ér-pot), Sir Peter. A rich West Indian, a character in Foote's play "The Patron." Foote played it himself. Pepusch (pā'pösh), Johann Chris toph. Born at Berlin, 1667: died at London, July 20, 1752. A German-English composer, noted for his theoretical knowledge of music. He went to Eng land about 1700, and in 1710 was instrumental in the organization of the Academy of Ancient Music. He composed a number of masks, and wrote the overture and arranged the airs for Gay's "Beggar's Opera" and "Polly," and for "The Wedding," another ballad-opera. He left also a good deal of music for string and wind instruments, and published anonymously a treatise on harmony. Pepys (pēps or pips or pep'is), Charles Christopher, first Earl Cottenham. Born at London, April 29, 1781: died in Italy, April 29, 1851. An English jurist, lord chancellor 1836-41 and 18461850. Pepys, Samuel. Born Feb. 23, 1633: died May 26, 1703. An English politician and diarist. He was a son of John Pepys, a tailor in London. In 1650 he entered Magdalene College, Cambridge. He married in 1655 and was taken into the house of Sir Edward Montagu (afterward earl of Sandwich), whose mother had married Pepys's grandfather. His "Diary" was begun Jan., 1660, and is one of the chief authorities on the Restoration, in which Pepys actively participated. Montagu made him secretary to the generals at sea March, 1660, and clerk of the acts of the navy June 28, 1660. During the great plague he remained in London and alone conducted the entire administration of the navy as secretary of the admiralty. He also a isted in checking the great fire in 1666. In 1678-79 he sat as member of Parliament for Harwich, and was twice master of Trinity House. On May 22, 1679, he was sent to the Tower as a papist. From 1684-86 he was president of the Royal Society. About 1690 he published "Memoirs relating to the State of the Royal Navy." His library of 3,000 volumes was bequeathed to Magdalene College, Cambridge. The last entry in the "Diary" was made May 29, 1669. It was written in cipher, and was translated by the Rev. J. Smith and published, with many omi ions, by Lord Braybrooke (who had discovered it in the Pepysian Library) in 1825. In 1875-79 the Rev. Mynors Bright republished it with much original matter, and in 1893 a new edition containing all the omitted portions, with the notes of both earlier editions, was edited by H. B. Wheatley. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Pepysian Library Pergamum Pepysian (pē'pis-i-an) Library. The library Percival (per'si-val), James Gates. Born at in 1835, and in 1852 founded the Crédit Mobilier (which of Samuel Pepys Pepys (containing cipher ablished Le role de la Banque de France The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names his "Diary"), bequeathed by him to Magdalene Green, Wis College, Cambridge. It is in a separate building, which was approaching completion about the time Pepys deter- mined to bequeath his collection either to Magdalene or 1724. Pequot (pe'kwot). [Pl., also Pequots . The name is translated 'destroyers' or 'ravagers.'] A former tribe of North American Indians, the most dreaded of all in southern New England. Historically they formed one tribe with the Mohegan who seceded under Uncas from Sa acus, the great Pequotchief. Their first known territory was a narrow strip of coast in Connecticut from Niantic River to the Rhode Island boun dary; but Sa acus controlled all the tribes of Connecticut east of the river of that name and westward to near New Haven, and nearly all Long Island. Their greatest strength was about 3,000, but has been estimated as much greater. In 1637 the English colonists surprised their principal fort, on the Mystic River, and slaughtered six hundred. The survivors of the tribe fled in scattered bands, some reaching tribes with whom they became amalgamated. Also Pequod . See Algonquian . Pequot War. A war between the Pequot Indians of Connecticut and the settlers, 1636-38. The Pequot were nearly exterminated after their defeat by the colonists under Mason in 1637. Pera (pā'rä). A northern quarter of Constantinople. It is situated on the opposite side of the Golden Horn, and is inhabited chiefly by Europe ans. Peræa (pe-re'ä). [Gr. Περαία , from πέραν , beyond.] In ancient t geography: geography: ( a ) A vague regeography: gion east of the Jordan, corresponding corresponding to the earlier Gilead and sometimes including Bashan. ( b ) A maritime district on the coast of Caria, Asia Minor, opposite Rhodes. Perak (p (pā-räk'). '). A native state on the western side of the Malay peninsula, about lat. 4°-54° N. It is under British protection. The chief product is tin. Area, 10,000 square miles. Population (1891), 214,254. Peralta (pā-rältä), Gaston de. Born, probably in Navarre, about 1510: died at Valladolid, 1580. A Spanish nobleman, marquis of Peralta. He was viceroy of Mexico, Oct., 1566, to Oct., 1567. Owing to a dispute with the audience, he was deposed by the king, and soon after sent to Spain, where he justified his course and was made constable of Navarre. Peralta Barnuevo (bär-nö-a'vō), Pedro de. Born at Lima, 1663: died there, 1743. A Peruvian mathematician and author. He was several times rector of the University of San Marcos, and from 1708 was official cosmographer. His numerous writings include poetry, history, law, and mathematics. It is said that his published and manuscript works exceed 60 in number. Among the best-known are "Lima fundada," an epic of the conquest of Peru, in 10 cantos (Lima, 1732); and a history of the viceroyalty of the Marquis of Castell-fuerte. Also written Peralta y Barnuevo . Perce forest (per-se-forest), or Perce forêt (pers fō-rā'). A medieval French historical romance. The second romance concerning events preceding the reign of Arthur, to which I alluded, and which exhibits a different set of heroes from the tales of the Round Table, is Perce forest, which comprehends the fabulous history of Britain previous to the reign of Arthur. It is the longest and best-known romance of the cla to which it belongs, and is the work which St. Palaye and similar writers have chiefly selected for illustrations and proofs of the manners of the times, and institutions of chivalry.