JŬGUM

( ζυγός, ζυγόν ), signified in general that which joined two things together, such as the transverse beam which united the upright posts of a loom, the cro -bar of a lyre, a scale-beam, ., but it denoted more especially the yoke by which ploughs and carriages were drawn. The following woodcut shows two examples of the yoke: the upper one is provided with two collars, the lower one with excavations cut in the yoke, in order to give more ease and freedom to the animals. The latter figure shows the method of tying the yoke to the pole ( temo , ῥυμός ) by means of a leathern strap. The word jugum is often used to signify slavery , or the condition in which men are compelled, against their will, like oxen or horses, to labour for others. Hence, to expre symbolically the subjugation of conquered nations, the Romans made their captives pa under a yoke ( sub jugum mittere ), which, however, was not made like the yoke used in drawing carriages or ploughs, but consisted of a spear supported transversely by two others placed upright. IMG:6459379820872971714_ill217.jpg: Jugum, yoke.