vulcanization (vulkanizashon)

[ same. Peter Martyr (tr. in Eden's First Books on America, ed. [Arber, p. 70). An habitation giddy and unsure Hath he that buildeth on the vulgar heart. Shak., 2 Hen. IV., i. 3. 90. "Follow my white plume," said the chivalrous monarch of France, as he plunged into the thickest of the vulgar fight. Sumner , Orations, I. 188. 2. Common; in general use; customary; usual; ordinary. Our intent is to make this Art [Poesie] vulgar for all English mens vse. Putten ham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 19. As naked as the vulgar air. Shak., K. John, ii. 1. 387. They have applied the sense of the parables to certain general and vulgar matters, without reaching to their real purport. Bacon , Physical Fables, p. 8. • I shall much rejoice to see and serve you, whom I honour with no vulgar Affection. Howell, Letters, I. ii. 24. Unspeakable mysteries in the Scriptures are often delivered in a vulgar and illustrative way. Sir T. Browne, Religio Medici, i. 45. If Words worth sometimes puts the trumpet to his lips, yet he lays it aside soon and willingly for his appropriate instrument, the pastoral reed. And it is not one that grew by any vulgar stream, but that which Apollo breathed through, tending the flocks of Admetus. Lowell , Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 241. 3. Hence, national; vernacular: as, the vulgar tongue; the vulgar version of the Scriptures; in zoöl . and bot . , specifically, vernacular or trivial, as opposed to scientific or technical , in the names or naming of plants and animals. See pseudonym , 2. If againe Art be but a certaine order of rules prescribed by reason, and gathered by experience, why should not Poesie be a vulgar Art with vs as well as with the Greeks and Latines? Putten ham , Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 3. We will in this present chapter & by our own idle obseruations shew how one may easily and commodiously lead all those feete of the auncients into our vulgar lan Putten ham, Arte of Eng. Poesie, p. 86. gage. Of the Egyptian letters, or manner of writing, one was vulgar , which all people learnt; others were call'd sacred, which the priests only knew among the Egyptians. Pococke , Description of the East, I. 227. 4. Pertaining or belonging to the lower or le refined cla of people; unrefined; hence, coarse; offensive to good taste; rude; boorish; low; mean; base: as, vulgar men, language, minds, or manners. Stale and cheap to vulgar company. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., iii. 2. 41. I staid to hear the trumpets and kettle-drums, and then the other drums, which are much cried up, though I think it dull, vulgar musick. Pepys , Diary, I. 150. Gold; Before whose image bow the vulgar great. Shelley, Queen Mab, iv. vulgar Vulgar prejudices of every kind, and particularly vulgar superstitions, he treats with a cold and sober disdain peculiar to himself. Macaulay , History. We can easily overpraise the vulgar hero. Emerson, Conduct of Life. I go a good deal to places of amusement. I find no difficulty whatever in going to such places alone. But, at the theatre, every one talks so fast that I can scarcely make out what they say; and besides, there are a great many vulgar expre ions. H. James, Jr., A Bundle of Letters, ii. Vulgar era. See era. - Vulgar fraction, in arith . See fraction. Vulgar purgation. See purgation, 2.- Vulgar substitution. See substitution, 4. =Syn. 1 and 2. Ordinary, etc. See common. - 4. Rustic, low-bred. II. n. 1†. A vulgar person; one of the common people: used only in the plural. Rude mechanicals, that rare and late Work in the market-place; and those are they Whose bitter tongues I shun,. (For those vile vulgars are extremely proud, And foully-languag'd). Chapman , Ody ey, vi. 425. 2. The vernacular tongue or common language of a country. In our olde vulgare , profite is called weale. Sir T. Elyot, The Govern our, i. 1. IMG:content-1967.png:[blocks in formation] leave the society - which in the boorish is company of this female which in the common is woman. Shak., As you Like it, v. 1. 53. The vulgar, the common people collectively; the uneducated, uncultured cla . Therefore the vulgar did about him flocke, Like foolish flies about an hony-crocke. Spenser, F. Q., V. ii. 33. A mere invention to keep the vulgar in obedience. Burke , Rev. in France. vulgarian (vul-gā'ri-an), a . and n. [L. vul garis , vulgar, + -an.j I. a. Vulgar. [Rare.] With a fat vulgarian sloven, Little Admiral John To Boulogne is gone. Sir J. Denham , to Sir J. Mennis. (Davies.) II. n. A vulgar person; especially, a rich person with low or vulgar ideas. There's Dipley, in the tallow trade whole pack of money-grubbing vulgarians ! Curse the ized by bad poets, is mo more seriously needed in our days on behalf of great poets, to protect them from trivial or too parrot-like a citation. IMG:content-1968.png:[ocr errors] IMG:content-1969.png:[blocks in formation] The image is, therefore, out of all imaginative keeping, and vulgarizes the chief personage in a grand historical tragedy, who, if not a great, was at least a decorous actor. Lowell, Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 262. II. in trans. 1. To produce vulgarity. Nothing refines like affection. Family jarring vulgar izes ; family union elevates. Charlotte Brontë , Shirley, vi. 21. To act in a vulgar manner. Nor ever may descend to vulgarise , Or be below the sphere of her abode. Daniel, To Lady Anne Clifford. Also spelled vulgarise . vulgarly (vulgär-li), adv . 1. In a vulgar manner; commonly; popularly; in the manner usual among the common people. vuln (vuln), v. t. [OF. * vulnerer , vulnerate .] To wound: in her- aldry, especially said of the pelican, which is blazoned as vulning herself when represented as tearing her breast to feed her young. Com- pare pelican in her piety , under pelican .. When in the profile she [the pelican in heraldry) is usu- ally vulning herself. Encyc. Brit ., XI. 701. vulned (vulnd), a . [ vuln + -ed2.] In her., wounded: noting any animal used as a bearing, the weapon which inflicts the wound being gen- erally mentioned. Frequently, however, vulned re- fers to the bleeding of the wound: thus, the blazon may be pierced by an arrow and vulned. A Pelican with wings expanded argent, Vulned Proper. Guillim , Heraldry (1724), p. 224. vulnera, n. Plural of vuln us . vulnerability (vul"ne-ra-bil'i-ti), n. [ bility ).] The state or prop- erty of being vulnerable; vulnerablene . vulnerable (vul'ne-ra-bl), a . [ vulnérable erty of being = = Sp. rabile, Sp . vulnerable = Pg. vulneravel = It. vulne vulnerabilis , wounding, injurious, vulnerare , wound, hurt: see vulnerate .] 1. Capable of wounding; dangerous. [Rare.] The male children practise to ride great horses, to throw the vulnerable and inevitable darte. Amba y of Sir R. Sherley (1609). (Davies.) 2. Capable of being wounded; susceptible of wounds or injuries, literally or figuratively. Let fall thy blade on vulnerable crests. Shak., Macbeth, v. 8. 11. It is the middle compound character which alone is vulnerable: the man who, without firmne enough to avoid a dishonorable action, has feeling enough to be ashamed of it. Junius, to Sir W. Draper, March 3, 1769. The hat is the vulnerable part of the artificial integupar Ô. W. Holmes, Autocrat, viii. ment. Vulner IMG:content-1970.png:[blocks in formation] Shall I gulp wine? No, that is vulgarism . Keats, To. 2. A phrase or expre ion used only in common colloquial, especially in coarse, speech. All violations of grammar, and all vulgarisms, solecisms, and barbarisms in the conversations of boys, and also in their most familiar letters, must be noticed and corrected. V. Knox, Liberal Education, § 14. Such vulgarisms are common [as] - the Greeks fell to their old trade of one tribe expelling another-the scene is always at Athens, and all the pother is some little jilting story the haughty Roman snuffed at the supplene . I. D'Israeli, Lit. Char. Men of Genius, p. 380. Vulgarisms and low words. Lowell , Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 275. vulgarity (vul-gar'i-ti), n.; pl. vulgarities (-tiz). [ vulgar ité = Sp. vulgar i dad = Pg. vulgar i dade = It. volgarità , vulgar it a (t-)s, vol garita ( t- )s, the multitude, lit. the quality of being common or of the multitude, L. vulgar is , common, vulgar: see vulgar .] 1. The state or character of being vulgar; mean condition in life; meanne ; commonne . The nece ities of public busine , its vast extent, complexity, fulne of details, and consequent vulgarity , as compared with that of the ancients. De Quincey, Rhetoric. 2. Coarsene , gro ne , or clownishne of manners or language; absence of refinement; also, that which is vulgar; a vulgar act or expre ion: as, vulgarity of behavior; vulgarity of expre ion or language. Making believe be what you are not is the e ence of vulgarity. O. W. Holmes, Profe or, vii. To learn his negative merits, let us begin with the enumeration of the ignoble vulgarities , farcical busine , and other evils happily sifted out and thrown away as not comporting with the high seriousne of this grand style, this new gospel of comedy, of which Aris toph anes is the evangelist. Amer. Jour. Philol ., X. 274. 3t. The commonalty; the mob; the vulgar. The meere vulgarity (like swine) are prone to cry out more for a little bite by the eare than for all the sordid ne e of sin. Bp. Gauden, Tears of the Church, Pref., p. 3. ( Davies.) The cleere gaines of those metals, the Kings part defraied, to the Aduenturers is but small, and nothing neere so as imagined. such as cularly is maths True Travels, II. 74. It is vulgarly believed that this boat represents a magnificent ve el. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, II. 262. 2t. By or before the people; publicly. To justify this worthy nobleman, So vulgarly and personally accused. ability. vulnerary (vul'ne-rā-ri), a . and n. [F. vul- néraire Sp. Pg. It. vulnerario , vulnerarius , of or pertaining to wounds, vuln us ( vulner- ), a wound: see vulnerate .] I. a. 1t. Causing wounds. [Rare.] The aspect of his eye alone does sometimes become not Feltham, Resolves, ii. 56. 3. Coarsely; rudely; clownishly. vulgar ne (vulgar-nes), n. The state or character of being vulgar; vulgarity. vulgate (vul'gat), a. and n. [I. a. = Sp. vulgado = OIt. vulgato, In this, the vulgate text [of "Perse" of Æschylus), the word ἐκσῳζοίατο might not itself arouse suspicion. Amer . Jour . Philol ., IX. 321. 2. [ cap .] Of or pertaining to the Vulgate, or old Latin version of the Scriptures. II. n. [ cap .] 1. The Latin version of the Scriptures accepted as the authorized version of the Roman Catholic Church. It was prepared by Jerome about the close of the fourth century, partly by translation from the original, partly by revision of prior Latin versions. The Vulgate gradually came into general use between the sixth and the ninth century. The Anglo-Saxon translations were made from it and Wyclif's English version, while other English versions from Tyndale's onward have been much influenced by it. The Vulgate was the first book printed (about 1455). The Council of Trent ordered that the "old and vulgate edi. tion," approved by the "usage of so many ages," should be the only Latin version used in "public lectures, disputations, sermons, and expositions." Authorized editions were afterward published under Sixtus V. in 1590 and Clement VIII. in 1592-3. The latter, or Clementine edition, is the present accepted standard of the Roman Catholic Church, and is the basis of the Douay Bible. The religious terminology of the languages of western Europe has been in great part derived from or influenced by the Vulgate. 2. The vulgar or popular tongue; the vernacular. [Rare.] "Here's a pretty me ," returned the pompous gentleman, descending to the vulgate ; "you threaten me, for IMG:content-1971.png:[blocks in formation] 2. Useful in healing wounds; adapted to the cure of external injuries: as, vulnerary plants or potions. Her aunt sought in their baggage for some vulnerary remedy. Scott, Quentin Durward, xv. The plant (henna) is further credited with the po e ion of vulnerary and astringent properties. Encyc. Brit., XI. 654. II. n.; pl. vulneraries (-riz). A remedy applied to wounds to favor their healing. Like a balsamic vulnerary . V. Knox , Christian Philosophy, § 38. vulneratet (vul'ne-rāt), v. t. [ vulneratus , pp. of vulnerare (> It. vulnerare = Sp. Pg. vul nerar = OF. * vulnerer ), wound, injure, vuln us ( vulner- ), a wound; cf. Skt. vrana , a wound, fracture; prob. from the root of vellere , perf. vulsi , pluck, tear: see vulture .] To wound; hurt; injure. Rather murder me than vulnerate still your creature, unle you mean to medicine where you have hurt. Shirley, Love Tricks, iii. 5.