Holbrook, John

EDWARDS, naturalist, was born at Beaufort, S. C., in 1795; graduated at Brown University in 1815, and obtained a diploma in medicine from the University of Pennsylvania in 1818. In 1824 he was chosen profe or of anatomy in the Medical College of South Carolina. His works include American Herpetology, or, a Description of the Reptiles Inhabiting the United States (5 vols.); and Ichthyology of South Carolina. Died in 1871. Holbrook, in Ma achusetts , a post-town of Norfolk co., 15 m. S. of Boston, on N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R.; has extensive manufactures of boots and shoes. Pop . (1895) IMG:content-0683.png:[blocks in formation] 1870, being appointed lieutenant in the corps of engineers. He had charge of the U. S. eclipse expeditions to Colorado (1878) and to the South Pacific Ocean (1883); has filled the chair of Astronomy in the University of Wisconsin; was president of the University of California (1886), and director of the Lick Observatory (1888). Jointly with Prof. Simon Newcomb, he published Astronomy for Students ; and is also the author of Sir William Herschel his Life and Works; Handbook on Lick Observatory , . Hol'drege, in Nebraska , a post-village, cap. of Phelps co., on B. & M. R.R.; has flour mills, brick and marble yards, and grain elevators. Pop . (1897) about 2,900. Holgate, in Ohio , a post-village of Henry co., 13 m. E. of Defiance, on B. & O. and T., St. L. & K. C. R.Rs.; has saw and planing mills. Pop . (1897) about 1,250. Holidays, Le'gal. ( Law .) Days set aside by law in which no public busine is to be transacted, and in which private busine is usually set aside, the days being given over to public enjoyment, or otherwise employed. There is no national holiday in the United States, not even the 4th of July. Congre has at various times appointed special holidays, and has recognized the existence of certain days as holidays for commercial purposes, but has pa ed no act establishing an annual holiday. The proclamation of the President designating a day of Thanksgiving makes it a legal holiday only in those States which separately legalize it. There are only three days kept as holidays in all the States: Fourth of July, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas. New Year's Day is kept in all the States except New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Ma achusetts, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Mi i ippi; Washington's Birthday in all except Arkansas, Iowa, and Mi i ippi; Decoration Day and Labor Day in most of the States, and general election day in more than half their number. Arbor Day is a legal holiday in Kansas, Minnesota, North Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming, the day being set annually by the governor; in Texas, Feb. 22; in Nebraska, April 22; Montana, third Tuesday in April; Utah, April 15; Rhode Island, first Friday in May; Idaho, Friday after May 1; Florida, Feb. 7; Georgia, first Friday in December. The more localized holidays include: Battle of New Orleans anniversary: Louisiana, Jan. 8; Lee's Birthday: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia, Jan. 19; Lincoln's Birthday: Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Penna. and Washington, Feb. 12; Texan Independence anniversary: Texas, March 2; Mardi Gras: Alabama, and Orleans province, La. (mid-Lent); Inauguration Day: District of Columbia, March 4; Confederate Memorial Day: Louisiana, April 6; Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, April 26; North Carolina and South Carolina, May 10; State Election Day: Good Friday: Pennsylvania, Maryland, Alabama, Louisiana, and Tenne ee; Patriot's Day: Ma achusetts, April 19; San Jacinto Battle Day: Texas, April 21; Mecklenburg Declaration of Independence: North Carolina, May 20; Jefferson Davis's Birthday: Florida, June 3; Pioneers' Day: Utah, July 24; Bennington Battle Day: Vermont, Aug. 16; Admi ion Day: California, Sept. 9; Nevada, Oct. 31; Lincoln Day: Connecticut, Oct. 15; All Saints Day: Louisiana, November 1; every Saturday after 12 M. in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, District of Columbia, and in the larger cities of Louisiana, Mi ouri, and Ohio; in Wilmington, Del., and Denver, Col. Arkansas, Kansas, Mi i ippi and Nevada have no statutory holidays, but certain holidays are kept in them by common consent. In Great Britain the old holidays, which are more or le generally observed, are Twelfth Day, Jan. 6; Candle mas, Feb. 9; Lady Day, March 25; Midsummer Day, June 24; Lammas Day, Aug. 1; Michael mas, Sept. 29; All Hallow mas, Nov. 1; All Souls' Day, Nov. 2; Martin mas, Nov. 11; Christmas, Dec. 25; Childermas, Dec. 28. All these are religious festivals. In addition there are various secular holidays, including office holidays of the Supreme Court-Good Friday, Easter Monday and Tuesday, Whit-Monday, Christmas and the two following days, and several bank holidays. Holland, JOSIAH GILBERT, author and journalist; born at Belcher town, Ma ., July 24, 1819; graduated at Berks hire Medical College, Pittsfield, Ma ., and practiced medicine three years. He was subsequently superintendent of schools for one year at Vicksburg, Mi . His literary career began with contributions to the Knickerbocker Magazine , and in 1849 he became one of the editors of the Springfield Republican , with which he remained connected until 1866, and which under his control became one of the most influential of New England journals. After a period of travel in Europe he joined Roswell Smith and the firm of Scribner, Armstrong & Co., in establishing Scribner's Magazine , the editorship of which, and of the Century Magazine , which succeeded it, he retained until his death. He was also a popular lyceum lecturer, and was president of the New York Board of Education. Of his works, some of which were published under the pen-name of TIMOTHY TITCOMB, the most popular was Bittersweet , a poem that was widely read. He wrote other poems and various novels, including The Bay Path; Mi Gilbert's Career; The Mistre of the Manse; The Story of Seven Oaks; Nicholas Minturn , ., with various other works. His poems and novels were moral in purpose, and while reaching no high literary level, appealed to the best instincts of their readers. Died Oct. 12, 1881.