foreshorten (forshortn)

t. In persp., to represent (a figure) in such a manner as to convey to the mind the impre ion of the entire length of the object, though only a part of this length is actually shown, as when the object is viewed in an oblique direction; represent (any object, as an arm, a weapon, the branch of a tree) as pointing more or le directly toward the spectator standing in front of the picture, or as in a plane more or le nearly parallel to the spectator's line of sight. The projecting object is shortened in proportion to its approach to the perpendicular to the plane of the picture, and in consequence appears of a just length. Often used figuratively. As 'tis a greater mystery in the art Of painting to fore -shorten any part Than draw it out, so 'tis in books the chief Of all perfections to be plain and brief. S. Butler , Miscellaneous Thoughts. fore site Foreshortened as events are when we look back on them acro so many ages,. a whole century seems like a mere wild chaos. Lowell , Among my Books, 2d ser., p. 8. Displayed foreshortened, in her . See displayed . foreshortening (for-short'ning), n. [Verbal n. of foreshorten, v.] In persp ., the representation of figures pointing more or le directly toward the spectator standing in front of the picture, or away from a plane perpendicular to the spectator's line of sight, but shown in such a manner as to convey to the mind the impre ion of their just length. They adopted his forced attitudes and violent fore short enings without a touch of his joyous grace. The Portfolio , March, 1888, p. 63. The shadows were a company in then is elves; the extent of the room exaggerated them to a gigantic size, and from the low position of the candle the light struck upwards and produced deformed foreshortenings. R. L. Stevens on , Treasure of Franc hard. foreshot (for's hot), n . The first portion of liquid that comes over in the distillation of low wines. It is a milky liquid abounding in fuseloil. foreshow (for-shō'), v. t.; pret. foreshowed, pp. foreshown, sometimes foreshowed, ppr. foreshowing. [Also written foreshew; What else is the law but the gospel foreshowed ? Hooker, Eccles. Polity. His house of life being Libra; which foreshewed He should be a merchant, and should trade with balance. B. Jonson, Alchemist, i. 1. foreshowt (for'shō), n. [ foreshow , v.] A sign given beforehand; a foretoken. fore shower (for-sho'er), n. One who foreshows or predicts. Also spelled fore shewer . Now is Daniel called to be the fore - shewer of the iugement [of God), neither saluting the king nor praysyng his gifts. Joye , Expos, of Daniel, v. foreshown. Past participle of foreshow . foreside (for'sīd), n . [= D. voorzijde = G. vor seite = Dan. for side ; as fore -1 + sidel .] 1. The front side. Now when these counterfeits were thus uncased Out of the fore - side of their forgerie. Spenser, F. Q., V. iii. 39. 2. Same as foreshore. [New Eng.] foresight (for'sīt), n. [ Some clerks maintain that Heaven at first foresees, And in the virtue of foresight decrees. Dryden, Cock and Fox, 1. 510. Dogs and foxes exhibit a well-marked anticipation of future events, in hiding food to be eaten hereafter. But it is first in the human race that such foresight becomes highly conspicuous; and the difference between civilized and savage men in this respect is probably even more marked than the difference between savage men and the higher allied mammals. J. Fiske , Cosmic Philos., II. 92. 2. Provident care; prudence in guarding against evil; precaution. Nor aw'd by Foresight , nor mis-led by Chance, Imperious Death directs his Ebon Lance. Prior, Ode to George Villiers. we In anticipation of the heavy equatorial rains, had had the awnings put up: a fortunate piece of foresight , for before midnight the rain came down in torrents. Lady Bra ey, Voyage of Sunbeam, I. iii. 3. In surr., a forward sight or reading of a leveling-staff; any bearing taken by a compa forward.-4. The sight on the muzzle of a gun. =Syn. Prevision, forecast, precaution. foresighted (för'sī-ted), a. Foreseeing; prescient; provident. [Rare.] foresightful (for'sīt-fül), a. [ Death gave him not such pangs as the foresightful care he had of his silly succe or. Sir P. Sidney , Arcadia, ii. IMG:content-1683.png:[blocks in formation] foreskin (för's kin), n. The hood or fold of skin which covers the head of the penis; the pre- puce. foreslackt, v . t. See forslack . fore sleeve (for'slēv), n. [ sleve ; fore -1 + sleeve .] 1. The part of a sleeve between the elbow and the wrist. In kirtel and kourteby and a knyf bi his syde, Of a freres frokke were the forsleues . apart; ML. LL. for as tic us , out of doors, pub- lic, ML. forester i us , strange, foreign, outside; all for is , for as , outside, out of doors: see foreign .] I. n. 1. A tract of land covered with trees; a wood, usually one of considerable extent; a tract of woodland with or without inclosed intervals of open and uncultivated ground. Ettricke Foreste is a feir foreste, In it grows manie a semelie trie. Song of the Outlaw Murray (Child's Ballads, VI. 22). This is the forest primeval. The murmuring pines and the hemlocks. 2. In Great Britain, a designation still retained for some large tracts of land or districts former- ly but not now covered with trees or constitut- ing royal forests (see below), especially such as have some of the distinctive characteristics or uses of wild or broken woodland, as the For- est of Dean in England or some of the deer-for- ests of Scotland. ment good enough. Machin , Dumb Knight (1608). foreslowt, v . See forslow . fores naff let, v. t. To restrain or prohibit. 2. To engage beforehand; buy a thing before it is in the market; bespeak: as, that calf is forespoken . [Scotch.] forespeak2t, v . t. See forspeak . forespeakert (för-spēʻker), n. An introducer; one who or that which bespeaks entertainment for another. a territory of woody grounds and pastures priv- ileged for wild beasts and fowls of chase and warren to rest and abide in, generally belong- ing to the sovereign, and set apart for his rec- reation, or granted by him to others, under special laws, and having officers specially ap- pointed to look after it; a hunting-preserve maintained at public expense for royal or aris- tocratic use: specifically called a royal forest . Such forests were once very numerous, and often of great extent; but most of them have been disafforested, and those still kept up are now chiefly used as public pleasure- grounds. Forests are waste grounds belonging to the king, replen- ished with all manner of chase or venery; which are under the king's protection, for the sake of his recreation and delight. Black stone, Com., I. viii. adjoin, and sometimes the common, or moor, or what ever may be called, is a royal forest - that is, a hunt- ing preserve created since the Conquest. The presence of trees, I need hardly say, is not required to make a forest in this sense. The great mark of it is the absence of enclosures. F. Pollock , Land Laws, p. 40. Charter of the Forest. See charter. - Drift of the forest. See drift . - Forest-bed group, in Eng . geol., a division of the so-called crag (which see). It is but a few feet in thickne , but is exposed for many miles along the coast of Norfolk. It contains a great variety of organic remains, among which are cones of trees, leaves of va- rio us plants, land-shells, and bones of mammal i a, birds, and reptiles. - Ordinance of the forest. See ordinance . - Pure forest, a forest consisting wholly of one kind of trees: in contradistinction to a mixed forest , in which the trees are of several kinds. - Right of forest, the right or franchise of keeping, for the purpose of venery and war- ren, all animals pursued in field sports in a certain territo- ry or precinct of woody ground and pasture. - Submarine forest, a geological phrase applied to beds of impure peat, consisting of roots, stems, and branches of trees, etc., oc- cupying the sites on which they grew, but which by change of level are now submerged by the sea. Such submarine forests do not contain any trees that are not found grow- ing at the present time. They belong to the recent or Quaternary period, and occur above the boulder-clay. forespendt, v . t. See forspend . forespokent (för-spō'kn), p . a. [ spoken , forespecen , foresprecen , forsprecen , foresaid, fore , for , before, + sprecen , pp. of sprecan, speak. Cf. forespeak1 .] Foretold; pre- IMG:content-1684.png:[blocks in formation] gins of the estuaries on the north and south shores of the county of Fife in Scotland. Syn, Forest , Wood , Woods, Woodland, Grove, Chase , Park . Of some of these words the earlier and the later uses differ very much. Forest implies a large body of trees growing naturally, or the tract con- sidered as covered with trees. It formerly always im- plied the presence of animals of the chase. Wood or woods is like forest , except in being smaller. Woodland differs from woods in emphasizing the land or tract upon which the trees stand. A grove is a cluster of trees not suf- ficiently extensive to be called a wood. A chase is, in strictne , open woods of indefinite extent, especially set apart for hunting; but the word survives as applied to places from which the animals have disappeared. A park is primarily an inclosure of considerable size; the word is now often applied to a piece of land set apart for public recreation and more or le elaborately adapted by art to that end, as Regent's Park in London and Central Park in New York. He [William the Conqueror] ordered whole villages and towns to be swept away to make forests for the deer. Not satisfied with sixty-eight royal forests , he laid waste an immense district to form another in Hampshire, called the New Forest. Dickens, Child's Hist. Eng., viii. Like the leaves of the forest , when summer is green, That host, with their banners, at sunset were seen. Byron, Destruction of Sennacherib. A terrace walk, and half a rood Of land, set out to plant a wood . Over the woodlands brown and bare,... Silent, and soft, and slow Descends the snow. Long fellow , Snowflakes, A cops in which the Wood-nymphs shrove; (No wood ) it rather seems a grove . IMG:content-1685.png:[blocks in formation] An ugly serpent, which forestall'd their way. Fairfax , tr. of Ta o, xv. 47. 3t. To diminish; deprive by something preced- ing. B. Jonson, Every Man in his Humour, iv. 8. =Syn. To monopolize, engro , preoccupy. forestallt, n. [ fore -1 + stall , a place.] A footboard. A fellow stood... vpon the forestall of the carte driu- Shak ., Cephalus and Procris (Poenis, ed. 1640). ing forth the oxen, Hakluyt's Voyages, I. 95. grape-vine, being of a pale-bluish color with light-orange bands acro the middle of each joint. There are two an- nual generations, and the larva transforms to pupa in a slight cocoon on or just beneath the surface of the ground. forest-fly (for'est-fli), n . A popular name in England for various blood-sucking flies of the genus Hippobosca , originally H. equina ; a hip- poboscid. They are found in woodlands, and are very troublesome to horses and other animals, lighting about the eyes and mouth, or creeping under the tail, and pierc- ing the skin with their sharp beaks. forest-folk (for'est-fok), n. Dwellers in the for- est: with reference to men, or sometimes to beasts and birds, or to imagined creatures of the woods, such as elves, gnomes, satyrs, dry- ads, etc. for rester; forester , forster , foster , fores tier Pr. fores tier = Sp. florestero = OHG. fore star i , förstari , MHG. vorstære, G. förster, fore star i us , a forester, forest a , a for- est: see forest. Hence the proper names For- ester, For rester , Forster , Foster .] 1. An officer appointed to watch or keep a forest; one who has the charge of a forest; also, one whose oc- cup at i on is the management of the timber on an estate or in a forest belonging to a govern- ment. Ne that bail if, ne forester , ne soffrede hom nower come, To so we, ne to other thing, that hor bestes nere inome. Robert of Gloucester , p. 499. Before him came a forester of Dean, Wet from the woods, with notice of a hart Taller than all his fellows, milky-white, First seen that day. 2. An inhabitant of a forest or wild country. Foresters and borderers are not generally so civil and reasonable as might be wished. Evelyn . Without discipline, the fav'rite child, Like a neglected forester , runs wild. IMG:content-1686.png:[blocks in formation] The oaken log, green, huge, and thick, And on its top the stout back-stick; The knotty forest ick laid apart. the andirons. Then you want a forest ick on the and irons, and on these build a fire of lighter stuff. C. D. Warner, Backlog Studies, p. 6. forestine (for'es-tin), a. [ forest + -ine1.] Per- taining to or living or growing in the woods: as, forestine fruit-eaters. IMG:content-1687.png:[blocks in formation] It [holy music] is the sweetest companion and improve- ment of it here upon earth, and the very earnest and fore- taste of heaven. Bp. Atterbury, Sermons, II. xxi. Scenes of accomplish'd bli ! which who can see, Though but in distant prospect, and not feel His soul refresh'd with foretaste of the joy? And underneath his filthy feet did tread The sacred thinges, and holy heastes foretaught. Spenser, F. Q., I. vii. 18. foreteamt (for'tēm), n. [ fore -1 + team , ap- par. here repr. L. temo , beam, pole, tongue (of a vehicle).] The front shaft or pole of a wheeled vehicle. Their chariots in their fore teams broke. Chapman , Iliad, xvi. 352. Should speak of our land as a forestle area of gra . The American , IX. 183. forest-lizard (for'est-liz"ärd), n. A fo il sau- rian, Hylœosaurus owen i , discovered in 1832 by Mantell in the forest of Tilgate, England, whence the name. It was about 25 feet long. forest-marble (for'est-mär bl), n. In Eng . geol., a division of the Great Oölite group, lying be- tween the cornbrash and the Great or Bath Oölite. This formation is extraordinarily variable, both in lithological character and in thickne . It has been used to some extent, after polishing, for ornamental pur- poses. It was named by W. Smith from the Forest of Wychwood in Oxfords hire. which lies acro the hearth with its ends rest- ing between the keystones, and which can be moved toward the front or back of the hearth as required. It is a part of the small rectangular fur- nace called the "ore-hearth," used in the smelting of lead, and chiefly in Scotland and the north of England. forest-ox (for'est-oks), n . A book-name of the small wild ox of Celebes, Anoa depre i corn is , translating the native name, sap i - out an . forest-peat (for'est-pēt), n. Wood-peat. for estral (for'es-tral), a . An erroneous form of forestal . Most of the New England States are now engaged in the serious investigation of their for estral condition. Pop. Sci . Mo., XXVIII. 691. forestry (for'es-tri), n. [ forest +-ry, after ML. forester i a , forest aria , forestage.] 1. The art of forming or of cultivating forests, or of manag- ing growing timber.-2. Forestage; the privi- leges of a royal forest. forest-steading (for'est-sted"ing), n. house and offices in a royal forest. The "forest- steading of Gala shiels" is first mentioned in history shortly after the beginning of the 15th century. Encyc. Brit ., X. 18. forest-tree (for'est-trē), n. A tree of the forest; specifically, any tree not a cultivated fruit-tree. forestyt, a . [ forest +-y1.] Wooded; covered with forest. [Rare.] For then their sylvan kind most highly honour'd were, When the whole country's face was foresty , and we Liv'd loosely in the weilds, which now thus peopled be. Drayton, Polyolbion, xxii. 47. fore summer (for's um"ėr), n. Early summer. The terrible winter and fore summer of 1854-55. The American, XIV. 234. fores watt, p . a. See for swat. Sir P. Sidney. foret (fō-ra'), n. [F., a drill, borer, gimlet, forer , drill, bore, for are = E. borel .] In gun - making , a gimlet or drill used for boring the touch-hole of a piece of ordnance. fore-tacklet (for'tak"l), n . Same as pendant- tackle. IMG:content-1688.png:[blocks in formation] The southern wind Doth play the trumpet to his purposes, And, by his hollow whistling in the leaves, Foretells a tempest and a blustering day. For, by the warning of the Holy Ghost, I prophesy that I shall die to-night. Dreams advise, Which he hath sent propitious, some great good Presaging. Milton, P. L., xii. 613. Oh ye fountains, meadows, hills, and groves, Forebode not any severing of our loves! Of thee this I prognosticate , Thy end is truth's and beauty's doom and date. II. in trans. To utter prediction or prophecy. All the prophets from Samuel have likewise fore- Acts iii. 24. told of these days. foreteller (för-tel'èr), n. One who foretells, predicts, or prophesies, A minstrel of the natural year, Foreteller of the vernal ides, Wise harbinger of spheres and tides. Ere thou go, with thyselfe forthynke That thou take with thee pen, paper, and ynke. IMG:content-1689.png:[blocks in formation] forethink2t, r. See forthink. forethought (for'that), n. [ This mater is more zitt will I mende, so for to fulfill my for -thoght. York Plays, p. 13. Devises by last will and testament are always more favoured in construction than formal deeds, which are presumed to be made with great caution, forethought , and Black stone , Com. advise. IMG:content-1690.png:[blocks in formation] 2. Provident care; prudence. The native race would still have had to learn from the colonists industry and forethought , the arts of life, and the language of England. Macaulay, Hist. Eng., vi. =Syn. 2. Foresight, precaution, forecast. forethoughtful (for that-fül), a. [ -ful .] Having forethought. [Rare.] foretime (for'tim), n. A time previous to the present, or to a time alluded to or implied. His people, to whom all foreign matters in foretime were odious, began to wish in their beloved prince experience by travel. Sir P. Sidney, Arcadia, ii. The outward, visible Athens seemed unchanged. There she sat, as in the foretime, on her citadel rock. R. Choate, Addre es, p. 180. foretoken (för'tō-kn), n. [ IMG:content-1691.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1692.png:[blocks in formation] foreward2t, n. See forward2 . forewarn (för-warn'), v . t . To warn, admonish, or advise beforehand; give previous notice to. Young Choræbus. [Had] lately brought his troops to Priam's aid; Forewarn'd in vain by the prophet ick maid. Dryden, Eneid, ii. 464. This day I forewarn thee of death and disgrace. E. W. Lane, Modern Egyptians, II. 154. [Verbal n. of