presbyter (presbiter)

[= F. presbytère = Sp. presbítero = Pg. presbytero = D. presbyter, They that speak ingeniously of Bishops and Presbyters say that a Bishop is a great Presbyter , and, during the time of his being Bishop, above a Presbyter . Selden , Table-Talk, p. 27. Epyscopacy, as it is taken for an Order in the Church above a Presbyter , or, as wee commonly name him, the Minister of a Congregation, is either of Divine constitution or of humane. Milton , Prelatical Episcoрасу. New Presbyter is but Old Priest writ large. Milton, New Forcers of Conscience, 1. 20. 21. [ cap .] A Presbyterian. [Rare.] And presbyters have their jack puddings too. S. Butler . 3. In zoöl . , a monkey of the genus Presbytes . presbyteral (pres-bit'er-al), a . [= F. presby Tennyson, Prince , iv. téral = Sp. presbiteral = It. presbiterale, pertaining to the priesthood; as presbyter + -al.] Relating to a presbyter or presbytery; presbyterial. as S, +, etc. pre sacral (pre-sā'kral), a. [L. præ, before, + NL. sacrum: see sacral. ] Preceding the sacrum in the spinal column; situated in front of the sacral vertebræ, as a vertebra; lumbar. The lumbar region contains the pre - sacral group of vertebræ, which have only short ribs. Gegenbaur, Comp. Anat. (trans.), p. 434. presage (prē-sāj ́), v .; pret. and pp. presaged , ppr.presaging . [ OF.pre sagier = Sp. Pg. pre sagiar ( præsagiare , L.præsagium , a presage) = It. presagire , præsagire , feel or perceive beforehand, presage, foreshow (also LL. præsagare , præsag us , foreshowing, presaging), præ , before,+ sagire , feel: see sagacious .] I. trans. 1. To foreshow or foretoken; signify beforehand, as by an omen or prognostic; give warning of. This dreadful Conflict is of dire Presage; Begone, and fly from Jove's impending Rage. Congreve, Semele, i. 1. [ = Syn. 1. Sign , Augury , etc. See omen and foretell. presageful (pres'aj-fül or pre-sāj'fül), a. presage, n., + -ful.] 1. Full of presage; prophetic; ominous. It comes to us like the first sounding of a presageful note of doom, repeated more than once before the final calamity, E. Dowden , Shelley, I. 227. IMG:content-0887.png:[blocks in formation] Johnson had not that fine sensitivene to the political atmosphere which made Burke presageful of coming tempest. Lowell , Among my Books, 1st ser., p. 353. presagement (pre-sāj'ment), n. [ presage , v . , + -ment .] 1. A foreboding; omen; presage. I have spent some enquiry whether he had any ominous presagement before his end. Sir H. Wotton , Reliquiæ, p. 234. 2. A foretelling; prediction. presager (pre-sa'jer), n . [ presage , v., +-er1.] One who presages or foretells; a prophet. There is no indication that he [Ignatius) is upholding the episcopal against any other form of Church government, as, for instance, the presbyteral . Bp. Light foot , Apostolic Fathers, I. 396. It is quite probable that the members of the presbyteral college distributed the various duties of their office among themselves according to their respective talents, tastes, experience, and convenience. Schaff , Hist. Christ. Church, I. § 61. presbyterate (pres-bit'er-āt), n. [ = Sp. pres biter a do , presbiterato = Pg. presbyter a do , pres byterato = It. presbiterato , presbyter at us , the office of a presbyter, presbyter , a presbyter: see presbyter .] 1. The office or station of a presbyter. The presbyterate , as a distinct order from the ordinary office of apostleship, is not of Divine institution. Jer. Taylor , Works (ed. 1835), Π. 158. 2. A presbytery. Meetings of the bishop and the presbyterate of every diocese, the oldest and simplest form of ecclesiastical organisation. R. W. Dixon , Hist. Church of Eng., xix. presbyte rated (pres-bit'er-a-ted), a . [ pres byte rate + -ed2.] Organized with a government by elders or presbyters. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia presbyte rated He a erts that a presbyte rated society of the faithful hath within itself a compleat power of self-reformation, or, if you will, of self-preservation, and may within itself manage its own choices of officers and censures of delinquents. C. Mather , Mag. Chris., v. 2. presbyter e (pres'bi-tér-es), n. [ leman. They have laboured to advance the new fancied sceptre of lay presbyterial power. Hooker , Eccles. Polity, vi. 1. About the manner and order of this government, whether it ought to be Presbyter i all or Prelatic all, such endle e question, or rather uproare, is arisen in this land. Milton, Church-Government, Pref. presbyterially (pres-bi-to'ri-al-i), adv. After the manner of a presbytery; according to Presbyterianism. Presbyterian (pres-bi-te'ri-an), a. and n. [F. presbytérien = Sp. It. presbiteriano = Pg. pres byteriano = G. Dan. presbyterian - er = Sw. pres byterian, presbytery or to presbyters, various religious bodies which adopt the Presbyterian form of church government (see Presbyterianism ), and hold a more or le modified form of Calvin ism. Among the leading Presbyterian churches are the following: (1) The established Church of Scotland, formed in 1560 under the leadership of Knox; it prepared the First Book of Dis-. cipline in 1560, the Second Book of Discipline in 1581, and was formally established by the government in 1592. It was temporarily replaced by episcopacy during the period 1661-89. Later events were sece ions leading to the formation of various bodies in the eighteenth century (Sece ion Church in 1733, Relief Church in 1761) and of the Free Church in 1843. See Covenanter, 2. (2) The Presbyterian Church in the United States. Its first presbytery was founded in 1705. After a temporary disruption, the first General A embly met in 1789. In 1838 the church split on theology and the antislavery question. (See New School and Old School, etc., below.) The two wings were reunited in 1870. It numbers about 900,000 members. (3) The Presbyterian Church in the United States (Southern). This body seceded from the Old School Presbyterian Church in 1861 on the establishment of the Confederacy, and during the period 1861-5 it had the title of General A embly of the Confederate States of America. It numbers about 200,000 members. Other bodies, besides the Free Church of Scotland (see free ), and those mentioned below, are the Reformed Presbyterian Churches in the United States, the Welsh Presbyterian Church, the Presbyterian Churches of England, Canada, Ireland, etc. - Cumber land Presbyterian Church, a Presbyterian body which seceded from the Presbyterian Church in the United States, and was developed from the Cumber land presbytery in Kentucky and Tenne ee in 1810. It numbers about 180,000 members. - New School Presbyterian Church, that wing of the Presbyterian Church in the United States which in 1838 separated from the other branch. It held pronounced views against slavery, and was regarded as le conservative in theology.-Old School Presbyterian Church, that wing of the Presbyterian Church in the United States which held more conservative views regarding slavery and Calvin ism. The Southern Presbyterian Church seceded from it in 1861, and the remainder united with the New School Presbyterians in 1870.- Reformed Presbyterian Church. See Cameron i an, N., 1, and Covenanter, 2.- United Presbyterian Church. ( a ) A Scottish church formed by the union of the United Sece ion Church and the Relief Church (see above) in 1847. It numbers over 180,000 members. (b) A church in the United States formed in 1858 by the coalition of various bodies. It numbers over 100,000 members. II. n. One who holds to the system of Presbyterianism; a member of any of the Presbyterian churches.