Population (1891), 143,289

Armagh. A city and parliamentary borough in the county of Armagh, 34 miles southwest of Belfast, the seat of an Anglican archbishop (primate of Ireland) and a Roman Catholic archbishop. It was the ancient metropolis of Ireland and a seat of learning. The cathedral of Armagh, the met ropolitan church of the Primate of Ireland, is a late Pointed structure recently well restored. It was sacked by O'Neill in 1564. Population (1891), 8,303. Armagnac (är-män-yäk'). In medieval history, a district in southern France corresponding in general to the department of Gers. It was made a countship in the 10th century, and was united to the crown in the 16th century. The counts and their adherents were conspicuous in the 15th century. See Armagnacs . Armagnac, Bernard VII., Comte d'. Died June 12, 1418. A French partizan leader of the Armagnacs (which see) in the civil war against the Burgundians. He was made constable and chief minister of France in 1415, and was murdered in prison by the mob shortly after the capture of Paris by the Burgundians. Armagnac, Jean V., Comte d'. Born about 1420: died 1473. A political agitator, grandson of Bernard VII. He formed an incestuous union with his sister Jeanne Is a belle, which brought upon him the censure of the church and deprivation of his po e ions by Charles VII. He was reinstated after the death of Charles, joined the League of the Public Weal against Louis XI. in 1465, and was put to death by the royalists at the capture of the castle of Lectoure. bishop of Cuba from 1610 to 1623, and bishop of Michoacan in Mexico from 1624 until his death. Armendariz (är-men-dä'rēTH), Joséde, Marquis of Castellfuerte. Born at Rivagorza, Navarre, about 1670: died about 1740. A Spanish general. He commanded at the battle of Lagudina in Estremadura, May, 1709, and led the charge which broke the enemy's left at the battle of Villa vic ios a, Dec. 10, 1710; commanded in Aragon and took part in the siege of Bar celona; was governor of Tarragon a; thence pa ed to Sicily where he commanded at the siege of Malazzo and bore the brunt of the battle of Franc a villa at the head of the royal guards; on his return to was made governor of Guipuzcoa; and shortly after was named viceroy of Peru, reaching Lima in May, 1724. He returned Spain in 1736. Armenia (är-me'ni-ä). [F. Arménie , G. Arme nien. The name Armenia ( Armaniya ) first occurs in a Persian cuneiform inscription of Darius The native name was Biaina , the original of the modern Van .] The cla ical name of the Hebrew Ararat, A yrian Urartu, the country which extends from the shores of Lake Van between the Upper Euphrates and Media, forming the juncture between the high plateau of Iran and the table-land of Asia Minor. Its greatest extent was from 37°-49° E. long. and 37° 30′-42° N. lat., or from the Taurus, the northeastern parts of Mesopo-tamia, and the Kurdish Mountains to the Caucasus and Georgia. The territory east of the Euphrates was called Great Armenia, and that to the west Little Armenia. The fountry is cha meter i zed by gloomy mountains, deepval leys, and a very hot in summer extremely cold in winter. Only two of its mountains are mentioned by the ancients by name: the Taurus, and the Paryadres the north on the boundaries of Pontus. Several im portant rivers have their source in Armenia: the Euphrates, the Tigris, the Kyros (modern Kur), and the Araxes (modern Aras). Urartu appears in the A yrian cunei subsequently gained the the 1. fomme inscriptions as one of the countries of Nairi, which kings carried on almost ince ant war with As syria. Expeditions against it with varying results are mentioned by the A yrian kings Shalmanezer II. (860-824 B. C.), Shalmanezer III. (782-772 в. с.), A urdan III. (772-755 В. с.), and Tiglath-Pileser II. (745-727 В. С.). That it was not permanently and thoroughly subjugated by As syria is shown by the fact that the murderers of Sennacherib fled (681 B.C.) to that country (Isa. xxxvii. 38, 2 Ki. xix. 37). The V upper Corinthian. There were 43 tiers of seats, and 5 concentric corridors. The ancient podium of the arena is almost entire. The axes of the ellipse are 459 and 341 megeckenkrieg). The contest between the Armagnac mercenaries of the emperor Fred and language. Later on, after Sarduris I. (in the A yriana text Séduri), 835 В. С., the cuneiform script was employed Armenian (är-me'ni-an). 1. An inhabitant of Armenia. 2. The language prevalent in Armenia, and belonging to the Aryan family. It was formerly cla ed with Persian as belonging to the Iranian but is now separated as the sole extant member of an independent Aryan language. See Armenia . Armentières (är-mon-te-ar'). A town in the department of Nord, France, situated on the Lys near the Belgian frontier, 9 miles north- 'Arm in i us's, or Hermann's, Spring."] A noted warm spring at Lippspringe, in the Teutobur- gerwald, Germany. Armistead (är'mis-ted), George. Born at New- market, Va., April 10, 1780: died at Baltimore, April 25, 1818. An American officer who served with distinction at the capture of Fort George from the British, May 27, 1813. He was bre- vetted lieutenant-colonel for his gallant defense of Fort McHenry, Sept. 13, 1814. Armistead, Lewis Add is on. Born at New- bern, N. C., Feb. 18, 1817: died at Gettysburg, Pa., July 3, 1863. Á Confederate general, son of General Walker Keith Armistead. He served in the Mexican war 1846-47, became brigadier-general in the Confederate army in 1861, and was killed in the charge of Pickett's division at the battle of Gettysburg. Armistead, Walker Keith. Born about 1785: died at Upperville, Va., Oct. 13, 1845. An American engineer and general, brother of George Armistead. He was graduated from West Point in 1803, superintended the defenses of Norfolk, Va., 1808-11, was chief engineer to the army of the Niagara in the War of 1812, superintended the defenses of Norfolk Armisticio (är-mes-te'the-ō). A former terri- tory of Venezuela, now forming the western part of the state of Bolivar. Its area was 7,153 square miles. It is almost uninhabited except by wild Indians. Armorica (är-mor'i-kä). [L. Armorica, Are- morica (of old Gaulish origin), land by the sea.] In ancient geography, the northwestern part of France, comprising, in general, the region which lies between the mouths of the Seine and Loire. Armine (är-men'), Ferdinand. The lover of Henrietta Temple, in Disraeli's romance of that Arminians (är-min'i-anz). The followers of Arm in i us (Jacobus Harmensen, 1560-1609), a Protestant divine of Leyden. They presented their doctrines in a "remonstrance" (1610: whence they are Armstrong (ärm's trông), Archibald (Archie). Born at Arthuret in Cumber land, or at Lang- holm in Roxburghshire: died 1672. The cele- brated jester of King James I. He is introduced in Scott's novel "The Fortunes of Nigel." Armstrong, John. Born in Ireland, 1725: died at Car lisle, Pa., March 9, 1795. An Ameri- can general. He served in the French and Indian war village of Kit tanning in 1755, became brigadier-general in 1755-56, commanded the expedition against the Indian the Continental army March 1, 1776, resigned April 4, 1777, and was a delegate from Pennsylvania to the Continental Armstrong, John. Born at Car lisle, Pa., 1758: died 1843. An American general, politician, and diplomatist, son of John Armstrong. He served in the Revolutionary War, and was the author of the "Newburg Addre es" to the army in 1783. He was United States senator from New York 1801-02 and 1803-04, minister to France 1804-10 (part of the time minister to Spain), and secretary of war 1813-14. He was appointed brigadier-general in 1812. Among his works is a history Armstrong, John or Johnnie. A Scottish free- booter, the chief of a band of over 150 men, and the brother, apparently, of the Laird of Manger- ton, the chief of his name. He levied blackmail al- most as far as Newcastle, and was a terror to the inhabi- tants. When, about 1529, James V. undertook to suppre the turbulence of the Border marauders or March men, Johnnie Armstrong, one of the most notorious of them, ap- mounted, and offered his services. The king showed him peared before him with 36 of his band, well equipped and no favor, but had him and all his men hanged upon trees near Hawick. The injustice of this treatment was the theme of several popular ballads. "Armstrong's Good-Night" was said to have been composed by one of the band. This ballad, with two entitled "Johnie Arm strang," is to be found in pion swordsman whose story is told by Scott in "The Laird's "Child's English and Scottish Ballads." The Scottish cham- as "Kinmont Willie,"and William Armstrong (1602?, 1658?) and belonged to the same family. known as "Christie's Will" were both noted freebooters, ton Institute (Virginia) for negroes and Indians. Armstrong, William George, Baron. Born Nov. 26, 1810: died Dec. 27, 1900. An English engineer and inventor of the Armstrong gun, created first baron Armstrong in 1887. a breech-loading cannon (1854-58). He was Army and Navy Club. 1. A club established in London in 1838 for the a ociation of com- mi ioned officers of all ranks in either branch of the service, at 36 Pall Mall, S. W.-2. A similar club established in New York in 1871. Arnaldus Villa nov an us (är-nal'dus vila-no- vā'nus). See Arnold of Villa nov a . des Vaudois dans leurs vallées." He later conducted the Waldensian exiles to Germany. Arnaud, St., Leroy de. See Leroy de Saint- Arnaud . Arnauld (är-nō'), Agnès. Born 1594: died 1671. A French Jansenist nun, a sister of Antoine Ar- nauld. She was the author of "L'Image d'une religieuse parfaite et d'une imparfaite” (1660), and "Le chapelet se- cret du Saint Sacrement" (1663). Arnauts (är'nâts). The Turkish name for the Albanians. Arndt (ärnt), Ernst Moritz. Born at Schoritz, Rügen, Pru ia, Dec. 26, 1769: died at Bonn, Pru ia, Jan. 29, 1860. A German poet and later at Bonn. He wrote "Versuch einer Geschichte general writer, profe or at Greifswald and Arne, Thomas Aug ugustine. Born at London, March 12, 1710: died at London, March 5, 1778. "Masque of Alfred" (1740); a musical farce, "Thomas and Sally," etc. He was also author as well as composer. He was created doctor of music by the University of Oxford, July 6, 1759. Arneb (är'neb). [Ar.al arnab , the hare.] The third-magnitude star a Leporis. Sometimes called Arsh . Arneburg (är'ne-börg). A town in the province of Saxony, Pru ia, situated on the Elbe 40 miles northeast of Magdeburg. Population, about 2,000. Arm in i us. See Harmensen . Arminiusquelle (är-mēn'e-ös-kvel'le). [G., Arnason (är'nä-son), Jón. Born at Reykjavik, Arneth (är'net), Alfred von. Born at Vienna, Arnhem Bay. An indentation on the coast of the Northern Territory, South Australia. Arnhem Land. A district in the Northern Territory, South Australia. Arnim, or Arnheim, Baron Johann (or Hans) Georg von. Born at Boitzenburg, Branden- and Christian apologist. His chief work is entitled "Adversus Gentes" ("Against the Gentiles"). Arnobius. Lived about 460. A Semi-Pelagian ecclesiastic of Gaul, author of a "Commentary Arnold (är'nold), Sir Arthur. Porn May 28, 1833: died at London, May 20, 1902. An Eng- lish journalist, miscellaneous writer, and Lib- eral politician: brother of Sir Edwin Arnold. He was editor of the "Echo," and the author of "From the Levant," "Through Persia by Caravan," "Social Poli- tics," "Free Land," etc. Knighted in 1895. Arnold, Benedict. Born 1615: died 1678. An early colonial governor of Rhode Island. Arnol Arnold, Benedict. Born at Norwich, Norwich, Conn., Jan. 14, 1741: died at London, June 14, 1801. An American Revolutionary general and trai- tor. He was commi ioned colonel 1775, and took part in the capture of Ticonderoga; commanded the expedi- tion through the Maine wilderne against Quebec in 1775; was wounded at the siege of Quebec; was made brigadier- general; commanded at a naval battle on Lake Cham plain in 1776; defeated the British at Ridge field, Connecticut, 1777; and was made major-general. In the Burgoyne cam- paign he served with distinction at the first battle of Sara- toga 1777, and decided the second battle of Saratoga (where he was wounded). He was appointed commander of Phila- delphia 1778; was tried before a court martial on various ed commander of West Point in 1780, he planned with An- charges, and reprimanded by Washington 1780. Appoint- dré the surrender of that place to the British. The plan was discovered through the capture of André, and Arnold es- caped to the British, receiving the rank of major-general in the British army and subsequently conducting expedi. tions against Virginia and New London, Connecticut, 1781. The latter part of his life was spent chiefly in London. Arnold (är'nōlt), Chris toph. Born at Som- 15, 1695. A German astronomer, noted for ob- servations of the comets of 1682 and 1686, and of the transit of Mercury in 1690. Arnold (är'nold), Sir Edwin. Born June 10, 1832: died March 24, 1904. An English poet, of the Government Sanskrit College at Poona, India, and King's College (London) and at Oxford, became principal later served on the staff of the "Daily Telegraph," London. Among his poems are "Light of Asia" (1878), "Light of the World" (1890), "Indian Song of Songs" (1875), "Indian Poetry," "Pearls of the Faith," "Lotus and Jewel." Arnold, George. Born at New York city, June 24, 1834: died at Strawberry Farms, N. J., Nov. 3, 1865. An American poet and man of letters. He contributed to "Vanity Fair," "The Leader," and other periodicals, and was the author of "Poems" (edited, with biographical sketch, by William Winter, 1870). Arnold (är' nolt), Gottfried. Born at Anna- berg, Saxony, Sept. 5, 1666: died at Perleberg, Brandenburg, Pru ia, May 30, 1714. A German Pietist theologian and church historian. was the first to use the German language instead of the sipid." Schaff . Arnold (är'nold), Isaac Newton. Born at Hartwick, N. Ϋ., Nov. 30, 1815: died at Chicago, April 24, 1884. An American politician, Repus lican member of Congre from 1861-65. He wrote a life of Abraham Lincoln (1866, revised ed. 1885), a life of Benedict Arnold (1880), etc. at Strasburg, Feb. 18, 1780: died there, Feb. 18, 1829. An Alsatian jurist and poet, appointed profe or of Roman law in the University of Strasburg in 1811. He wrote the comedy "Der Pfingstmontag” (1816), etc. Arnold, Matthew. Born at Laleham, Middle- sex, England, Dec. 24, 1822: died at Liverpool, April 15, 1888. A noted English critic and poet, son of Thomas Arnold. He was educated at Win- chester, Rugby, and Balliol College (Oxford), and became a fellow of Oriel. He was made lay inspector of schools in 1851, and was appointed profe or of poetry in Oxford in 1857. He visited the United States in 1883 and 1886. His works include poems (1848), "Empedocles on Etna" "Study of Celtic Literature" (1867), "Literature and ma" (1873), "Culture and Anarchy," "Last E ays on Church Religion" (1877), "Mixed E ays," "St. Paul Schools and Universities in Germany." Arnold, Richard. Born at Providence, R. I., April 12, 1828: died on Governor's Island, N.Y. harbor, Nov. 8,1882. An American general in the Civil War, son of Lemuel H. Arnold. He served in the Peninsula campaign 1862, commanded a cavalry division in General Banks's Red River expedition 1864, and received brevet ranks for gallantry in the engage- ments of Savage Station, Port Hudson, and Fort Morgan. Arnold, Samuel Greene. Born at Providence, R. I., April 12, 1821: died at Providence, R. I., Feb. 12, 1880. An American politician and his- tori an, several times lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island, and United States senator 1862- 1863: author of a "History of Rhode Island." Arnold, Samuel. Born at London, Aug. 10, Arnon (är-non'). A tributary of the Cher, ly- ing chiefly in the department of Cher, France. Arnot (är'not), William. Born at Scone, Scotland, Nov. 6, 1808: died at Edinburgh, June 3, 1875. A Scottish minister and theo- logical writer. He was ordained minister of St. Pe ter's Church in Glasgow in 1838, joined Dr. Chalmers's Free Church movement in 1843, and became minister of a Free Church congregation in Edinburgh in 1863. Arnott (är'not), Neil. Born at Arbroath, Scot- land. Mav land, May 15, 1788: died at London, March 2, 1874. A British physician, physicist, and in vent or. He wrote "Elements of Physics" (Vol. I., 1827 Part I., Vol. II., 1829; frequently reprinted), "Warming and Ventilation," etc., and invented a form of stove and lish composer of operas and oratorios. He be- came organist and composer to the Chapel Royal in 1783, The Century Cyclopedia of Names コ 4 5 d 1 لام IMG:content-0122.png:[blocks in formation] lati on (1890), commune, 7,414. Arnstadt (ärn'stät). A manufacturing town in Schwarzburg-Sonders hausen, Germany, situated on the Gera 11 miles southwest of Erfurt: one of the oldest towns in Thu ring i a. It has an ancient castle and a Rathaus. Population (1890), 12,818. Arnswalde (ärns'väl-de). A manufacturing town in the province of Brandenburg, Pru ia, 40 miles southeast of Stettin. Population (1890), commune, 7,507. Arnulf (är'nulf). Born about 850: died at Ratisbon, Bavaria, Dec. 8, 899. Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, illegitimate son of Karlmann, king of Bavaria. He was elected king of the East Franks in 887, was crowned emperor in 896, defeated the Normans near Louvain in 891, fought with the Moravians, and invaded Italy and stormed Rome in 895. Arnulf. Archbishop of Rheims 989-991. Amway (ärn'wa), John. Born in Shropshire, English royalist clergyman and writer, archdeacon of Lich field and Coventry. He was exiled and took refuge at The Hague, and later accepted an invitation to preach in Virginia. He wrote the "Tablet" (1650), a reply to Milton's "Eikon ok las tes," and "Alarum to the Subjects of England" (1650). died in Virginia, probably in 1653. of the Arquebusiers . Arques (ärk). A small town in the department of Seine-Inférieure, France, at the junction of the Arques and Béthune, 34 miles from Dieppe. It contains a famous ruined castle. A victory was gained 1589. here by Henry IV. over the Duke of Mayenne, Sept. 21, Arrah (är'rä). A town in Bengal, British India, 35 miles west of Patna. In 1857 it was succe fully defended against the Sepoy rebels. Population (1891), 46,905. Arrah na Pogue. A play by Dion Boucicault, produced in 1865. Arraignment of Paris, The. A play, something between a pageant and a mask, which was published anonymously in 1584, but was certainly written by Peele. It was at one time attributed to Shakspere. Arrakis (ar'rā-kis). [Ar.an - ráqiç , the trotting camel. See Alwaid .] The fourth-magnitude double-star u Drac on is, in the Dragon's tongue. Arran (ar'an). [Gael. Aran.] An island of Scotland, in the county of Bute, west of the Firth of Clyde. Its length is about 20 miles, its greatest breadth about 12 miles, and its area 165 square miles. Population, over 5,000. Arran (islands of Ireland). See Aran . Arran, Arm Earl of. See Hamilton , James . Arod (a'rod). [Heb. ' dród , perhaps 'wild a .'] 1. A son of Gad (Num. xxvi. 17), also called Arras (är-räs'). The capital capital of the depart- Arodi (Gen. xlvi. 16).-2. In Dryden and Tate's "Absalom and Achitophel,” part ii., a character intended for Sir William Waller. Arok-Szállás (o'rok-säl'äsh). A town in the county of Jázygien, Hungary, 45 miles northeast of Budapest. Population (1890), 11,189. Arolas (ä-rō'läs), Juan. Born at Barcelona, June 20, 1805: died at Valencia, Nov. 25, 1849. A Spanish poet, author of "Poesias cabal leres cas y orient a les" (1840-50), etc. Arolsen (ä'rol-sen). The capital of the principality of Waldeck, Germany, 22 miles west by north of Ca el. It contains the princely castle with rich collections, and is the birthplace of Rauch and Kaulbach. Population (1890), 2,620. Arona (ä-ro'nä). A town in the province of Novara, Italy, situated on Lago Maggiore 38 miles northwest of Milan. It contains a noted colo al bronze and copper statue of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo. Population, about 3,000. Pedro . Arona, Juan de. See Paz Soldan y Unanue, Arondight (a'ron-dit). In medieval legends, the sword of Lance lot of the Lake. A roos took (a-rös tuk). A river in northern and northeastern Maine, which joins the St. John in western New Brunswick: length over 100 miles. or Arphaxad (är