Iroquois

They number now above 30,000, about equally divided between the United States and Canada. Their name seems to refer to "puckering" or "drawing up," whether, as variously contended, of the lips in speaking or drinking, of a peculiar seam in the moccasin, or of the skin of a roasted prisoner is uncertain. The French called them Saulteurs ('people of the falls'), from the band first met at Sault Ste.-Marie. See Algonquian. O. K. Nom de plume of Olga Kiréeff, now Madame de Novikoff. Oka (ō-kä'). A river in central Ru ia which joins the Volga at Nijni-Novgorod. The Moskva is a tributary. Length, about 900 miles; navigable from Orel. Okanda (ō-kän'dä). A Bantu tribe of French Kongo, dwelling on the middle Ogowe River. They are well built, and sharpen their incisors. The women have already substituted the European for the native cloth. Their dead are sunk in the deepest parts of the river, lest their enemies should use the skulls for witchcraft. Okanogan. See Okinagan . Okavango (ō-kä-väng'gō). A river in southern Africa, tributary to Lake Ngami: called Cubango, or Kubango, in its upper course through Portuguese territory. Okdah (ok'dä). [Ar. ' oqad - al - haitain , the knot of the two threads (an Arabic translation of the Greek σύνδεσμος , which was Ptolemy's designation for the star).] The 44-magnitude double star a Piscium, situated at the knot in the ribbon by which the two fishes are tied together. Okeechobee (ō-ke-chōbē), Lake. A lake in southern Florida, intersected by lat. 27° N. Length, about 40 miles. O'Keefe (ō-kēf'), John. Born at Dublin, June 24, 1747: died at Southampton, England, Feb. O'Keefe 4, 1833. An Irish dramatist. Hazlitt says he may be called "the English Molière." He wrote comedies and farces, including "Wild Oats," "The Poor Soldier," etc. Okefinokee (ō"ke-fi-nōʻkē) Swamp. An exten sive swamp in southeastern Georgia and the adjoining part of northern Florida. Oke hampton (ōk'hamp-ton). A town in Devons hire, England, situated on the Okement 21 miles west of Exeter. Population (1891), 1,879. Oken (ō'ken) (originally Ockenfu (ok'enfös)), Lorenz. Born at Bohlsbach, Swabia, Aug. 1, 1779: died at Zurich, Aug. 11, 1851. A German naturalist and transcendentalist nat ural philosopher. He became profe or at Jena in 1807 (but later surrendered his profe orship rather than aban to the authorities), at Munich in 1828, and Zurich Cruz. In Jan., 1824, he proclaimed the absolute authority of Ferdinand VII., and threw off allegiance to the viceroy La Serna. After his defeat by the latter he tried to retire into Chile, but some of his troops rebelled and killed him. Olberg (el'berg). A basaltic mountain, one of the chief summits of the Siebengebirge, Rhine land: noted for its view. Height, 1,520 feet. Olbers (ol'bers), He in rich Wilhelm Matthias, Born at Arbergen, near Bremen, Oct. 11, 1758: died at Bremen, March 2, 1840. A German astronomer. By profe ion he was a physician. He dis. covered a method for calculating cometary orbits, and also discovered various comets (including that of 1815) and the planetoids Pallas (1802) and Vesta (1807). Olbia (ol'bi-ä). [Gr. ' Ολβία .] In ancient geography, a city in Scythia, a Greek colony from Miletus, situated near the mouth of the Borysthenes: the modern Dnieper. Stände" etc. Okfaski. See Creek . Okhotsk (ō-chotsk'). A small seaport in the Maritime Province, East Siberia, situated on the Sea of Okhotsk, at the mouth of the Okhota, in lat. 59° 20′ N., long. 143° 7′ Ε. Okhotsk, Sea of. An arm of the Pacific, nearly inclosed by the peninsula of Kamchatka and other parts of Siberia, Saghalin, Yezo (in Japan), and the Kurile Islands. It is connected with the Sea of Japan by the Gulf of Tatary and La Pérouse Strait. Okinagan (ō-kin-ä'gan), or Okanogan (ō-kan'ō-gan). The name originally given to a single "band" of the Salishan stock of North American Indians. It now includes a division of that stock on the Okinagan or Okinakane River, a northern branch on Columbia River, Washington, and a much larger number at Okinagan agency, British Columbia. Those in Washington number 374. See Salishan. Okinawa (ō-ke-nä'wä). The largest and most important of the Loochoo Islands, Pacific Ocean. Oklahoma (ok-la-ho'mä). A Territory of the United States. Capital, Guthrie. It is bounded by Kansas and Colorado on the north, Indian Territory on the east, Texas on the south, and Texas and New Mexico on the west. The surface is rolling and hilly. Oklahoma was mainly comprised in the Indian Territory (which see). dian claims, the Territory was thrown white set After the acquisition by the national government often. tlers, the central portion by proclamation of President Harrison on April 22, 1889, a large tract in 1891, and the Cherokee Strip or Outlet in the north in 1893. The Territory was settled with extraordinary rapidity. Area, 39,030 square miles. Population (1890), 61,834; (1895), probably about 200,000. Oklahoma City. A town in the eastern part of Oklahoma, on the North Fork of the Canadian River. Okuma (ok'ö-mä), Count Shigenobu. Born in Hizen, Japan, in 1837. A Japanese statesman. He was minister of finance 1873-82. In 1882 he organized the Kaishinto, or Liberal party, of which he has since been the leader. He was minister of foreign affairs 1889-91, when the political situation forced him to resign. He founded a college at Tokio, principally for the study of political economy. Olaf (o'läf), called the Lap-King. Reigned 993-1024. The first Christian king of Sweden. Olaf (ō'läf), Saint. Killed 1030. King of Norway 1015-28. He consolidated the kingdom and introduced Christianity. Olaf Trygve on or Trygva on. Born 956: died 1000. King of Norway about 996-1000. He was the son of the petty king Trygve and his wife Astrid, and was born in exile in 956, his father having shortly before been murdered and his mother expelled from Norway. He was educated at the court of Vladimir, grand prince of Ru ia, and became a viking, ravaging the coasts of France, Britain, and Ireland. He deposed Hakon the Bad and made himself king of Norway about 996. He was defeated and killed in a naval battle by the kings of Sweden and Denmark in league with disaffected Norwegian jarls. Olaguer y Feliú (ō-lä-gārē fā-le-ö ́), Antonio. Born about 1740. A Spanish general, governor of Monte video 1795, and viceroy of La Plata 1797-99. Olamentke (ō-lä-ment'ke). The northern division of the Moquelumnan stock of North American Indians, comprising a dozen small tribes which formerly lived north of San Francisco and San Pablo bays, California. See Moquelumnan , Oland, or Oeland (ė'länd). An island in the Baltic Sea, belonging to the laen of Kalmar, Sweden. It lies east of the southern part of Sweden, from which it is separated by Kalmar Sound. The chief place is Borgholm. Length, 90 miles. Area, 533 square miles. Population (1890), 37,519. Olañeta (öl-än-yā'tä), Pedro Antonio. Born in Biscay about 1770: died at Tumusla, Upper Peru (Bolivia), April 2, 1825. A Spanish general. He was a poor laborer; emigrated to Upper Peru and was a trader there until 1811, when he joined the royalist army; was rapidly promoted; and became governor of Potosí and major-general. In 1823 he defeated Santa Old Abe. A nickname of Abraham Lincoln. Old Bachelor, The. A comedy by William Congreve, produced in 1693, and acted as late as 1789. It was his first play. Dryden consid ered it the best he had ever seen. Old Bailey, The. The principal criminal court of England, situated on the street named Old Bailey, which runs from New gate street to Ludgate Hill, not far from St. Paul's, London. Oldboy (old boi), Felix. The pseudonym of Oldbuck (old'buk), Jonathan, Laird of Monkbarns. A Scottish antiquary, the leading character in Scott's novel "The Antiquary." John Flavel Mines. IMG:content-0751.png:[blocks in formation] Old Bullion. A nickname of T.H. Benton, given to him on account of his arguments in favor of a gold and silver currency. Oldbury (old'ber-i). A manufacturing town in Worcesters hire, England, 5 miles west of Bir mingham. Population (1891), 20,348. Old castle (old'kås-l), Sir John. Born in Here ford shire, England: burned at London, Dec. 25, 1417. An English nobleman, leader of the Lollards, known as "the good Lord Cobham," having married the heire of Lord Cobham. He was a succe ful general in the French wars. About 1413 as called upon to abjure the tenets of Wyclif: he re he was fused, was imprisoned in the Tower, but escaped and remained in Wales until 1417, when he was captured by Lord Powis. He was hung in chains upon a gallows in St. Giles's Fields, and burned alive. See Sir John Old castle. Old Colony (kol'ō-ni), The. The territory in eastern Ma achusetts occupied by the Plymouth Colony. Old craft (old kraft), Sir Perfidious. One of the principal characters in "Wit at Several Weapons," by Fletcher and others: a weak Sir Giles Overreach. Old Curiosity Shop, The. A novel by Dick ens, published in 1840-41. Old De auer (des's ou-er), The. A name popularly given to Leopold, prince of Anhalt-De au, a Pru ian general. Old Dominion (dō-min'yon), The. A name popularly given to the State of Virginia. Its origin is variously explained. Perhaps the best account is that Captain John Smith called Virginia "Old Virginia" to distinguish it from "New Virginia," as the New Eng. land colony was called. The colony of Virginia was alluded to in documents as "the colony and dominion of Virginia": hence the phrase "the Old Dominion." Oldenbarneveldt. See Barneveld . 1. A grand duchy of northern Germany, and Oldenburg (öl'den-berg; G. pron. ōl'den-börg). state of the German Empire. Capital, Oldenburg. It comprises the duchy proper of Oldenburg and the principalities of Birkenfeld and Lübeck. The duchy of Oldenburg is bounded by the North Sea on the north, Hannover and Bremen on the east, and Hannover on the south and west. The surface is generally flat. The chief occupation is agriculture: it is noted for its live stock. The government of Oldenburg is a hereditary constitutional monarchy, under a grand duke and a Landtag of one chamber: it sends 1 member to the Bundesrat, and 3 members to the Reichstag. The prevailing religion is Protestant. Oldenburg was ruled by counts as early as the 11th century; pa ed under the rule of Denmark in 1667; was ceded to the Holstein-Gottorp line in 1773; was raised to a duchy in 1777; gained and lost territory by the changes of 1803; joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1808; was an nexed to France in 1810; was restored to self-government in 1813; entered the Germanic Confederation in gained additions of territory in 1817 and 1818; a umed the rank of a grand duchy in 1829; sided with Pru ia in 1866; and joined the North German Confederation in 1866. Area, 2,479 square miles. Population (1895), 369,754. 2. The capital of the grand duchy of Oldenburg, situated on the Hunte in lat. 53° 8′ N., Old Law, The long. 8° 12′ E. It has a trade in horses. Its ResidenzSchlo , palace, library, and Augusteum museum are notable. It was the birthplace of Herbart. Population (1890), 23,118. Oldenburg, House of. A noble German family which rose to prominence in the 15th century. The principal lines are ( a ) the line of counts in Oldenburg extinguished in 1667; (b) the royal Danish line extinguished in 1863; (c) the Gottorp or Holstein-Gottorp line, which had branches in Ru ia, Sweden, Oldenburg; ( d ) Son derburg or Holstein-onderburg indent i ste Aug us ten burg line; and (e) the Beck or Glücksburg line, now in po e ion of the Danish throne. Oldenburg Proper. The main portion of the grand duchy of Oldenburg. Old English Baron, The. A story by Clara Reeve, published in 1777: intended to combine the romance and the novel by making the former more probable. It had great popularity. Old field (old'feld), Anne. Born at London, 1683: died there, Oct. 23, 1730. A noted English actre . Rich took her into his company at fifteen shillings a week in 1700. In 1704 Cibber a igned to her the part of Lady Betty Modish in his "Carele Husband," and she won immediate succe . By 1706 she was held to be the rival of Mrs. Brace girdle. She was the original representative of 65 characters, the greater part of which belong to genteel comedy. She played tragic parts with great dignity and feeling, but in Lady Betty Modish, Lady Townley, Sylvia, and Mrs. Sullen she was probably never equaled. Mrs. Old field in private life was not without reproach. She lived for some years with Arthur Maynwaring, a wealthy bachelor, handsome and accomplished, by whom she had a son who bore his father's name and surname. Later, and after the death of Mr. Maynwaring, she was "under the protection" of General Church ill, the son of an elder brother of the Duke of Marl borough, by whom she had also one son, who married Lady Mary Walpole, a natural daughter of Sir Robert, for whom he obtained the rank of an earl's daughter. When Mrs. Old field died her remains lay in state in the Jerusalem Chamber of Westminster south aisle. Abbey, and there she was buried at the west end of the Old For tun at us. A play by Dekker, printed in 1600 with the title "The Pleasant History of Old For tun at us." It was acted in 1595-96, and part of it was written as early as 1590. See For tun at us . Old Fox, The. A nickname of Marshal Soult. Old French War, The, or The Old French and Indian War. See French and Indian War . Old Glory. A popular name for the United States flag. Old Grimes. The title of one of Crabbe's tales in verse; also, a ballad by Albert G. Greene. Old Grog. A nickname given to Admiral Vernon, who introduced the beverage grog (about 1745). The name is said to be due to his grogram breeches (or, according to another account, the grogram cloak he wore in foul weather). Old Guard, The. A noted body of troops in the army of Napoleon I. It made the last French charge at the battle of Waterloo. Oldham (old'am). A town in Lancashire, England, 6 miles northeast of Manchester. It is one of the principal seats of cotton manufacture in the world, and has other extensive manufactures. It returns 2 members to Parliament. Population (1891), 131,463. Oldham, John. Born in England: killed 1635. An English settler in New England. His murder by Indians brought on the Pequot war. Oldham, John. Born at Shipton, Gloucestershire, England, 1653: died at Holme Pierre point, Nottingham shire, 1683. An English satirical poet. His "Four Satires upon the Jesuits" (1679) attracted much attention. He also wrote "Some New Pieces" (1681). His works were collected and published in 1703, 1770, and 1854, the last edition with memoir. Old Harry. The devil. Old Heads and Young Hearts. A play by Boucicault, produced in 1844. Old Hickory. A nickname of Andrew Jackson. It was given to him for the toughne and sturdine of his character. Old Hundredth, or Old Hundred. A popular psalm-tune, first published in the "Genevan Psalter" about 1551-52, edited by Louis Bourgeois. It was originally adapted to Beza's version of the 134th Psalm, but when adopted in England was set to Kethe's version of the 100th Psalm. It was at first known as the "Hundredth," but in 1696, when Tate and Brady published their "New Version," the word "Old" was used to show that the tune was the one which had been in use in the previous Psalter (Stern hold and Hopkins's). It is now generally sung to the doxology, "Praise God, from whom all ble ings flow." Old Ironsides. The popular name of the United States frigate Constitution. Old Lady of Thread needle Street. A name given to the Bank of England, from its location in Thread needle street, London. Old Law, The, or a New Way to Please You. A play published in 1656 as by Mas singer, Middle ton, and Rowley. The original play was cer tainly written by Middle ton in 1599, and acted in 1600. Mas singer po ibly revised it much later. IMG:content-0752.png:[blocks in formation] Old Maids. A comedy by Sheridan Knowles, Olen (ō'len). [Gr. Ωλήν.] See the extract. produced in 1841. Old Man Eloquent, The. A name originally applied by Milton to I so crates. It has also been given to S. T. Cole ridge, John Quincy Adams, and others. Old Man of the Mountain, The. The chief of the order of the A a ins (which see). Old Man of the Sea, The. In the "Arabian Nights' Entertainments," a monster who leaped on back of Sindbad the sailor, clinging and refusing to dismount. Hence the name is applied to any person of whom one cannot get rid. Old mix on (õld'mik-son), John. Born in Somerset, 1673: died at London, 1742. An English historical writer. He was dull and insipid. He abused Pope in his "E ay on Criticism in Prose" (1728), and was promptly scarified in the "Dunciad" (ii. 283). Among his other works are "The British Empire in America" (1708), "Critical History of England, etc." (1726), "History of England" (1730-39), "Memoirs of the etc." (1742), etc. Old Morality. A nickname of William Henry Smith (1825-91), a prominent English Conservative politician: given apparently with a punning allusion to Scott's "Old Mortality." Old Mortality. A historical novel by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1816. The scene is laid in Scotland during the rising of the Covenanters in 1679. It is so called from the epithet given to Robert Paters on, who pa ed his life in restoring the gravestones of the Covenanters. Old Nick. A name of the devil.