Craniometry

Measurement of the cranium, in fact entire skull. Cranial capacity is obtained by filling the braincase with mustard seed; normally varies from 60 to 110 cubic in. And a man Islanders and Austral i ans are microcephalic (below 84), English and Eskimo are megacephalic (above 88), Chinese are mesocephalic. The cerebral index is ratio of breadth to length of cavity. Cephalic index is similar ratio on outside of cranium; varies from 66 to 88. Northern Mongol i ans are brachycephalic (above 80), Austral i ans are dolichocephalic (below 75), English and Chinese are mesaticephalic. Vertical index is height to length, varying from 71 in English to 77 in And a man Islanders. Gnathic index (alveolar index), indicates the prominence of the jaws, ratio of distance from foramen magnum to root of nose compared with distance to alveolar point (base of upper middle incisors). English are orthognathous (below 98), Austral i ans are prognathous (above 103), Eski mos are mesognathous. Nasal index, ratio of width to height of nose at base; English and Eskimos are lep to rhine (below 48), Austral i ans platy rhine (above 53), Chinese are me so rhine. Orbital index, height to breadth of eye socket; And a man Islanders are megaseme (above 89), Austral i ans, micro seme (below 84), English are mesoseme. A high, long, boat-shaped cranium (scaphocephaly) is due to premature closure and obliteration of sagittal suture. No skull is entirely symmetrical; slight plagiocephaly usually exists normally. A great number of angles are recognized in Craniometry. Facial angle of Cloquet has apex at alveolar point, base included between ear opening and ophryon (base of forehead). Camper and Legond each use different points to measure angle of this name.