LUNG-TSUEN-HSIEN

[s. 433] : A town in the province of Che-kiang, China, situated about 95 miles W. Mi ion station of the CIM (1894), of Wen-chau. 1 mi ionary and his wife, 4 native The chapel and 1 Sunday school. name is sometimes spelled Lung-ch’uen. with (1903) workers, 1 LUPEMBE: The name of a tribe found 100 miles E. of the north end of Lake Nyasa in German East Africa, among whom the Berlin Mi ion Society carry on work (1899), with (1903) 3 mi ionaries, 4 native workers, 2 outstations, 1 day school and 11 profe ed Christians. LUTHER AN FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETIES in the United States: The early Luther an Church in the United States was predominantly German, tho with some Scand in avian and Dutch elements, and was chiefly confined to PennsylThe lack of a regular ministry and the vania. heavy strain on a few pastors resulted in an Francke, at earnest appeal to Europe for help. Halle, was much interested, and at his request He in rich Melchior Muhlenberg, who had been intending to go as a mi ionary to India, came to While chiefly absorbed in Philadelphia in 1742. the organization of the Church (which gave him Ijiitheraii Porelen Lydd the title of Patriarch Muhlenberg) he kept mi ionary work among the Indians at home as well that in foreign lands constantly in mind. The first direct interest in foreign mi ions appears to have been aroused by the work of the Rev. C. T. E. Rhenius. a German Luther an mi ionary of the CMS in India. In 1821 the General Synod at its first meeting resolved to form a mi ionary institute, and some aid was sent to the work of Rhenius in India. Contributions were also made to the ABCFM, then a dist inc In 1833 tively undenominational organization. the General Synod urged the subject upon the district synods, and in 1835 the Central Mi ionary Society was organized at Mechanics burg, Pa., followed in 1837 by the German Foreign Mi ionary Society in the U. S. A. It was hoped that all would unite in this, but the German Reformed Church and several Luther an churches held Soon the name was changed to The aloof. Foreign Mi ionary Society of the Evangelical Luther an Church in the tJ. S. A. From this time until 1869 the greater part of the Luther an churches contributed through this organization, but in that year the General Council organized its own board of mi ions and since then other Luther an bodies have followed this example. At first it was a question whether to begin work among the Indians in the United States or India, but after some deliberation it was decided to commence operations in Southern India, in connection with the ABCFM, and the Rev. C. F. Heyer was appointed as mi ionary to that country in 1840. year later, fearing complications from this proposed connection, he resigned and was appomted to the same field by the Synod of Pennsylvania, which had formed a separate mi ionary organization in 1836. He sailed from Boston October 14, 1841, and arrived in India the following spring. In June and July an exploring tour was made with a view of selecting a field for permanent residence and work. On July 31, 1842, he reached Guntur, where he commenced the work a igned him. in A At the next meeting of the Foreign Mi ionary Society, held in May, 1843, the proposed union with the American Board was given up, and arrangements made with the mi ionary society of the Pennsylvania Synod to send out another mi ionary to cooperate with Rev. Heyer. Rev. Walter Qunn received the appointment, and he and his wife reached Guntur June 18, 1844. They labored faithfully until July 5, 18.51, when Mr. Gunn died. Mrs. Gunn soon after returned to the United States. Meanwhile a new station had been opened in Palnad in 1849, and in 1851 the North German Mi ionary Society transferred the station at Rajamahendri, begun in 1845, to the American Luther an Society, with two mi ionaries. Other mi ionaries were sent from America to reenforce the mi ion, but were soon obliged to return home. In 1857 Mr. Heyer, after 14 years of service, also returned to America. In 1861 a fourth station was opened at Samulcotta, and Rev. Mr. Long, who went out in 1858, was placed in charge of it and remained there until 1865, when he was obliged to go to Europe to recover his health, and the Rev. Mr. Unangst was left with entire charge of the four stations Guntur, — Palnad, Rajamahendri and Samulcotta. It being utterly impo ible for him to give proper attention to all, a proposition was made to trans- 416 fer the Rajamahendri station to the Church Mi ionary Society. Mr. Heyer was in Germany when he heard of this, but hastened at once to the United States and presented to the Synod of Pennsylvania an earnest protest. Negotiations with the General Synod made it evident that they would be glad to have the field remain in Luther an hands, and the CMS was entirely willing to be relieved of additional burdens. Overtures were made to the General Council, and at its meeting in Chicago, November, 1869, it formally accepted the responsibilities. During the same year the General Synod effected a reorganization of its work under a new name. General Synod of the Evangelical Luther an Church in the U. S. A. Headquarters of the Board of Foreign Mi ions, 1005 West Lanvale St., Baltimore, Md. The General Synod has worked through its own Board of Foreign Mi ions since the arrangement with the General Council in 1869. 1 India: That arrangement left under the care of the Foreign Mi ionary Society of the General Synod the Guntur and Palnad stations, embracing a territory about one hundred miles in length by sixty miles in width, with a population of about 1,000,000 souls, chiefly Telugus, among:. whom practically nothing had been done at that time. Rev. E. Unangst remained the only mi ionary on this field until 1871, when he was obliged to take his family to America. Remaining there only one year to recruit, he returned to India in 1872 without his family, accompanied by the Rev. J. H. Harpster. Since then the mi ion has been reenforced at various times, and a large force of native laborers has been raised up in the different departments of work. At the close of 1902 there were 27 mi ionaries (including wives), 6 Eur asian a istants, 220 native evangelistic workers, including pastors, catechists, Bible women, etc., and 286 teachers. The number of stations has increased to 7, while 449 congregations a embled regularly and the The buildings villages reached number 618. were 7 churches, 157 prayer and school houses, 11 mi ion bungalows, 1 hospital, 1 college and The communicant member1 printing house. ship was 8,386, and there were 9,163 inquirers and 35,525 under direct Christian influence, the baptisms in a single year numbering 2,551. The Sunday school work has grown until there are 269 schools, with 465 teachers and 15,965 scholars. Closely a ociated with this is the medical and Zenana work carried on by 5 mi ionary women, with 4 a istants and 52 teachers. Of these, 9 are specially engaged in the home work, visiting 115 homes and in.struct ing 150 Zenana pupils. In the hospital there are 650 patients, while the dispensary patients were 15,759. In common with other succe ful mi ions In India, considerable attention is paid to education. The policy of the mi ion is to educate the children as far as the primary grade, when they are sent to the branch schools at Guntur, where are the college under the presidency of the Rev. L. B. Wolf, D.D., a boarding and training school for boys, etc. The report for 1902 shows in the college 7 Christian, 21 Hindu and 4 Mohammedan teachers, 73 Christian, 552 Hindu and 50 Mohammedan pupils, a total of 675. The year showed an increase of 87 in attendance and an income amounting to 88 per cent, of total exliiitheran Farel);n 417 aside from the mi ionary’s salary. The total number of elementary schools is 232, with 286 teachers and 6,700 pupils, of whom 3,151 penses were Christians and 3,549 non-Christians; 4,404 boys and 2,296 girls. 2. Africa: In 1859, through the long-continued efforts of Rev. Morris Officer, a mi ion to Africa was decided upon, and Mr., Officer was appointed to superintend its establishment, and, with the Rev. Henry Heigerd, arrived in Liberia April 5. The location selected, and still occupied by the mi ion, is a high bluff on St. Paul’s River, about A grant of one thirty miles above Monrovia. hundred acres of land was secured from the Liberian Government for a mi ion farm, and a reserve of two hundred acres more for future Suitable buildings settlers about the mi ion. were erected, and a short time afterward 40 children were secured from a large number of recaptured slaves that had been landed at Monrovia. These children were bound to the mi ion by the government, were then named after well known women in the church at home, and thus the Muhlenberg Mi ion was begun, and tlie foundation laid of the Christian settlement which has A native since grown up around the mi ion. Christian church, organized in 1861, is self-sus churches and taining, and there are two other The pastor was one of the slave five outstations. children with whom the mi ion was started and a corps of native workers has been developed. The industrial department has always been one of the special features of this mi ion, and its coffee plantation was long relied upon to meet many of the current expenses. Difficulties in marketing the coffee emphasized the mercantile side so much that there was a general feeling that the distinctively mi ionary element was being crowded out, and of late the coffee farm occupies a minor place in the view of the mi ionaries. Meanwhile, educational and general evangelistic work is being pushed very vigorously, both in Liberia itself and in the surrounding districts, from which come appeals for teachers and preachers. A Woman’s Home and Foreign Mi ionary General Synod of the Evangelical Luther an Church in the United States was organized in 1879 and carries on work in India, Liberia and the United States, employing 12 foreign Society of the mi ionaries. It publishes a children’s mi ionary paper, tracts and programs for mi ionary meetings. It has 20 synodical and 584 auxiliary Its head societies, with about 20,000 members. quarters are in Baltimore, Md. A number of Luther an bodies which have no separate mi ionary organizations contribute through the General Synod. General Council of the Evangelical Luther an Church in North America: Headquarters of the Board of Foreign Mi ions, 1522 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1. India: The foreign mi ion work of the General Council was commenced in 1869, when the stations of the North German Mi ionary Society atRajamahendriand Samulcotta, Southern India, were transferred to its care by the General Synod. The work is now in charge of the Foreign Mi ion Committee of the General Council, and comprises the districts of Rajamahendri, DowSamulcotta, Tallapudi, Velpur, Jagurupad and Bhimawaram. There are (1903) 6 mi ionaries, a isted by 3 laishwaram, 27 native pastors and L.ydd 140 evangelists, catechists and teachers. The whole number of mi ion.workers employed is 157, of whom 5 are Zenana Sisters, 2 devoting their whole time to dispensary and hospital work. Special attention is paid to educational work and there are over 4,000 pupils in the various schools established in 120 villages, those of higher grade being at Rajamahendri and Peddapur. The extent of the evangelistic work is indicated by the number of baptized Christians (adults and children), given as 6,159, in the 210 villages where preaching is conducted. 2. Porto Rico: In the summer of 1899 the Board undertook mi ion work in Porto Rico. Mr. S. G. Swen on of the August an a Seminary had gathered a small congregation in San Juan, including several from the Danish Church at St. Thomas, and his work was taken up by the Rev. H. F. Richards and wife, who have carried on since, now with the a istance of a woman teacher. There is (1903) a Spanish congregation, it in addition to the English one, and a flourishing Sunday school, and the reports of succe are encouraging. to the Home The Board made a proposition Board to take up the work as more distinctly within its province, but that Board declined for lack of funds. Organ of the So iety: MisaioTishote, monthly. A Woman’s Home and Foreign Mi ionary formed in connection with the General Council of the Evangelical Luther an Church in North America, with its headquarters at 33d and Diamond Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. United Synod of the Evangelical Luther an Church in the South: Headquarters of the Board of Mi ions and Church Extension, 376 Spring Society has been St., Atlanta, Ga. This society was organized in 1886, but did not commence distinct foreign work until 1892, when a mi ionary, the Rev. J. A. B. Scherer, was sent There are now (1903) three to Saga in Japan. ordained mi ionaries, one of them being Rev. R. B. Peery, Ph.D., author of The Gist of Japan, There are also 3 native evangelists at work etc. in Saga and Kumamoto and the 3 Sunday The number of church schools are prosperous. members reported is 77 and there are about 150 in the Christian community. Several svnods combine in this work, as also three organizations conducted by women. 435