gobone, gobony

[GOBBET.] Her.: The same as GOBONATED (q. v.). gō-by, s. [GOBIUS.] Ichthy.: The English name of the genus Gobius (q. v.). *gock-min, *cock-man, s. [Etym. doubtful.] A sentinel, a lookout. "They had a constant centinel on the top of their houses, called gockmin , or in the E. tongue, cockman , who is obliged to watch day and night, and at the approach of any body, to ask, Who comes there?"-Martin: Western Islands , p. 103. gock-rôo, s. [An East Indian word.] Bot .: Ruellia long i folia , used in India as a drug. God, god, s . [A. S.; cogn. with Dut. god ; Icel. gudh; Dan. & Sw.gud; Goth.guth ; Ger. goth . All from a Teutonic base, Gutha =God, and quite dis tinct and separate from good , which in A. S. is gód , in Dan. god , in Dut. goed , in O. H. Ger. cuot , in Goth. god . Prof. Max Müller says that "though it is impo ible to give a satisfactory etymology of either God or good, it is clear that two words which thus run parallel in all the dialects without ever meeting cannot be traced back to one central point. God was most likely an old heathen name of the deity, and for such a name the supposed etymological meaning of good would be far too modern, too abstract, too Christian." ( Max Müller : Science of Language , ii. (8th ed.), p. 316.)] I. Ordinary Language: 1. Literally: IMG:content-0592.png:[blocks in formation] 1. Ethnic : Whether any savage tribes exist with no belief in any being higher than man, is doubtful. Burton and Sir John Lubbock are of opinion, as was Mr. Darwin, that there have been and still are such tribes; Dr. Tylor, after explaining away some alleged cases, expre es doubt of those remaining. Lubbock thus arranges the first great stages in religious thought: Atheism , understanding by this term, not a denial of the existence of a Deity, but an absence of any definite ideas on the subject. Fetichism , the stage in which man supposes he cal force the Deity to comply with his desires. Nature worship or Totemism , in which natural objects, trees, lakes, stones, animals, ., are worshiped. Shamanism , in which the superior deities are far more powerful than man, and of a different nature. Their place of abode also is far away, and acce ible only to Shamans. Idolatry or Anthropomorphism, in which the gods take still more completely the nature of men, being, however, more powerful. They are still amenable to persuasion; they are a part of nature, and not creatures. They are represented by images or idols. In the next stage, the Deity is regarded as the author, not merely a part of nature. He becomes for the first time a really supernatural being. The last stage is that in which morality is a ociated with religion. ( Lubbock : Origin of Civilization (1870), p. 119.) 2. Jewish: Two leading names for the Supreme Being continually occur in the Hebrew Bible; the one generic, the other specific. The generic term is El , or Eloah , both singular, and Elohim plural. The specific one is Yehovah , in general written Jehovah (q. v.). It is of the first that God is the appropriate rendering. El, Eloah, and Elohim siguify Deity in general. Elohim is much more common than the singular forms. An anomalous grammatical idiom is generally introduced where it occurs. ars. While it has the plural form, im being the plural of Hebrew masculine nouns, the verb, of which it is nominative, is uniformly singular. Older writers found in this a reference to the Trinity in Unity; grammarians term it the plural of excellence, and some have supposed that the plural noun carries us back to the infancy of the Hebrew language when polytheism prevailed, and that the singular verb established itself when monotheism displaced the worship of many gods. Among the epithets or titles used of God in the Old Testament are Most High (Gen. xiv. 18, .), Mighty (Neh. ix. 32), Holy (Josh. xxiv. 19), Merciful (Deut. iv. 31), God of Heaven (Ezra v.12), God of Israel, . (Exod. xxiv. 10). Anthropomorphic language occ chiefly, though not exclusively, in the poetic parts of the Old Testament (2 Chron. xvi. 9, Psalm xxxiv. 15, Deut. viii. 3, Psalm xxix. 4, Isa. xl. 12, liii. 1, lx. 13, Exod. xxxii. 23), but monotheism is enjoined in the first commandment, and idolatry forbidden in the second, while in Isaiah and elsewhere there are most scathing denunciations of the manufacture and worship of images (Isa. xl. 12-26, xlii. 17, xliv. 9-20, .). In the New Testament, St. John gives the ever-memorable definition of the Divine nature, "God is love" (1 John iv. 16). The Latin Church, the Greek Church, and the several Protestant denominations all e entially agree in their tenets regarding God. See the Apostles', Nicene, and A than asian Creeds, the first of the Thirty-nine Articles, the Catechism of the Council of Trent, the Confe ion of Faith (ch. ii.), and the Shorter Catechism, question 4. [THEOLOGY, TRINITY.] Of God: occurs Scrio.: A term sometimes used as a superlative to designate whatever is specially great or admirable. Thus the trees of God are cedars (Ps. civ. 16), and the "river of God " is a river full of water to the brink of its bed or channel, if not even in flood (Ps. lxv. 9). The name of God in forty-eight languages. Hebrew-Elohim, Eloha. Chaldaic-Eilah. A yrian-Eleah. Syriac and Turkish-Alah. Malay-Alla. Arabic-Allah. Old Egyptian-Teut. Armor i an-Teuti. Modern Egyptian-Teun. fate, făt, färe, Flemish-Goed. Dutch-Godt. English and Old Saxon-God Teutonic Goth. Danish and Swedish-Gut. Norwegian-Gud. Slav-Buch. Polish-Bog. Pollacca-Bung. 2036 French-Dieu. Spanish-Dios. Old German-Diet. Proven cal-Diou. Low Breton-Doue. Italian-Dio. Irish-Dia. Olalu Tongue-Deu. German and Swi -Gott. Lapp-Jubinal. Cretan-Thios. Finch-Jumala. IMG:content-0593.png:[blocks in formation] Runic-As. for crimes committed against God. Zemblain-Fetiza. Pan non i an-Istu. *god-çept, s. [Etym. of second element doubtful.] A godfather. ( Holinshed .) Hindostanee-Rain. Coromandel-Brama. Tartar-Magatal. Persian-Sire. Chinese-Pru a. god-child, s . [Eng.god, and child , indicating the spiritual relation between the two.] One for whom a person stands sponsor at baptism; a godson or goddaughter. IMG:content-0594.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0595.png:[blocks in formation]