Under Nero the youthful and immature but noble minded poet, A

Persius Flaccus (A. D. 34-62) of Volaterræ, wrote six satires, most of which are versified lectures on Stoic tenets. The want of independence of the begin ner is manifested in the extensive employment of Horatian phrases and characters. The exaggeration and bombast characteristic of the manner of the period are in these satires carried to obscurity. But the staunch earnestne of the young moralist won for him lively admiration im Teuffel and Schwabe , Hist. of Rom. Lit. (tr. by Warr), II. 75. mediately after his early death. Persons, Robert. See Parsons . Persuasion. A novel by Jane Austen, pub- lished in 1818, after the death of the author. Pertabgurh. See Partabgarh . Perte du Rhône (pert dü rōn). A deep ravine near Bellegarde, department of Ain, France, 16 miles southwest of Geneva, through which the Rhone (at certain periods) flows with a partly subterraneous course. Perth (perth). 1. A midland county of Scotland. It is bounded by Inverne and Aberdeen on the north, Forfar on the east, Fife (partly separated by the Firth of Tay) on the southeast, Kinro , Clack mannan, and Stirling (the last partly separated by the Forth) on the south, Dumb art on and Argyll on the west. It is situated on the border of the Highlands, is mountainous, and is famous for picturesque scenery and a ociations with history and romance. Area, 2,528 square miles. Population (1891), 122,185. 2. The capital of the county of Perth, situated on the Tay in lat. 56° 24' N., long. 3° 26′ W. It has salmon-fisheries and some commerce, and manufactures ginghams, dyes, muslins, etc. It has been prominent in Scottish history. After Scone it was the capital of the country until 1482. James I. was murdered there in 1437. Scone Palace is in the neighborhood. It was taken by Bruce in 1311, by Montrose in 1644, by Cromwell in 1651, by Claver house in 1689, and by the Jacobites in 1715 and 1745. Population (1891), 29,902. Perth. The capital of West Australia, situated on the Swan River, near its mouth, in lat. 31° 57′ S., long. 115° 52′ E. Population (1895), est., 19,533. Perth, Convention of. An a embly summoned by Edward I. at Perth, Scotland, in 1305, to send Scottish representatives to the English Parliament. Perth Amboy (perth am-boi'). A seaport and city in Middle sex County, New Jersey, situated at the entrance of the Raritan River in to Rari tan Bay, 20 miles southwest of New York. It has manufactures of terra-cotta, fire-bricks, etc. Population (1900), 17,699. Perthes (per'tes), Fried rich Chris toph. Born at Rudolstadt, Germany, April 21, 1772: died at Gotha, Germany, May 18, 1843. A German publisher in Hamburg, later in Gotha. Perthes, Johann Georg Justus. Born at Rudolstadt, Germany, Sept. 11, 1749: died at Gotha, May 1, 1816. A German publisher at Gotha, uncle of F. C. Perthes. Perthes, Wilhelm. Born at Gotha, Germany, June 18, 1793: died Sept. 10, 1853. A German publisher of geographical works, son of J. G. J. Perthes. Pertinax (per'ti-naks), Helvius. Born 126 A. D.: killed at Rome, March 28, 193. Emperor of Rome. He was proclaimed emperor Dec. 31, 192, and was put to death by the pretorians in the following year. Pertuis (per-tüē'). A town in the department of Vaucluse, France, situated near the Durance 29 miles north by east of Marseilles. Population (1891), 4,927. Pertuis Breton (brė-tôn'). A strait between the mainland of France and the Île de Ré. Pertuis d'Antioche (don-tyōsh'). A strait between the Île de Ré and the Île d'Oléron, west of France. Perty (per'tē), Joseph Anton Maximilian. Born at Ornbau, Bavaria, Sept. 17, 1804: died at Bern, Aug. 8, 1884. A German naturalist, profe or at Bern. Pertz (perts), Georg He in rich. Born at Hannover, March 28, 1795: died at Munich, Oct. 7, 1876. A noted German historian, best known as the editor of the "Monument a German iæ historic a" (1826-74). He became secretary of the royal archives at Hannover in 1823. Peru (pe-rö'), Sp. Perú (pā-rö ́), F. Pérou (parö'). [See Biru .] Are public of South America. Capital, Lima. It is bounded by Ecuador on the north, Brazil and Bolivia on the east, Chile on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the southwest and west. The western and southern parts are traversed from north to south by three principal chains or cordilleras of the Andes; they inclose several high plateaus. In the northeastern part are extensive wooded plains, which, with the eastern slopes and valleys of the Andes, are drained by the Amazon and its tributaries. It is extremely rich in mineral wealth (gold, silver, etc.), agricultural products (sugar, cotton, etc.), lumber, cinchona, coca, india-rubber, wool, etc. It has 19 departments. The executive power in the republic is vested in a president, the legislative in a congre composed of a senate and a house of representatives. The inhabitants are chiefly Peruvians (of Spanish descent) and Indians. The prevailing language is Spanish; the prevail ing religion, Roman Catholic. Civilization was highly developed under the empire of the Incas (see Incas and Inca Empire ) and their predece ors, the Piruas (which see). The country was conquered by the Spaniards under Pizarro in 1533-34. Independence was proclaimed in 1821; and the Spanish viceroy was finally defeated at the battle of Ayacucho Dec. 9, 1824. Peru has suffered from frequent revolutions;; was at war with Spain in 1865-66; several times been ravaged by earthquakes. A war with Chile began in 1879; Lima was entered by the Chileans in Tacna and Arica to be occupied by Chile until 1893. (See 1881, and by the treaty of 1883 Peru ceded Tarapacá to Chile, Pacific , War of the .) Area, 695,720 square miles. Population, about 4,600,000. Peru. A city in La Salle County, Illinois, situated on the Illinois River 85 miles west-southwest of Chicago. Population (1900), 6,863. Peru. A city, capital of Miami County, Indiana, situated on the Wabash 70 miles north of Indianapolis. Population (1900), 8,463. Peru, Upper or Alto. A common name, during the colonial period, for Charcas, or the modern Bolivia. See Charcas . Peru, Viceroyalty of. The region governed by the viceroys of Peru, who resided at Lima. The conquest of Peru proper led to that of Chile, Charcas (Bolivia), and Quito (Ecuador); and Pizarro, with his succe ors the viceroys, controlled those countries through their audiences and presidents or captains-general. New Granada, Panama, and Paraguay (including all the Platine region) were later added to Peru; so that, in the 17th century and part of the 18th the viceroyalty practically em braced all of Spanish South America and the Isthmus; that is, the audience districts of Lima, Charcas, Buenos Ayres, Santiago (Chile), Quito, Bogotá, and Panama. The viceroy was appointed by the crown, and corresponded di rectly with the Council of the Indies; he received a salary of 30,000 ducats, or 10,000 more than the viceroy of Mex ico; had military as well as civil jurisdiction; and was president of the audience of Lima. Gradually his authority in the outlying provinces was restricted. In 1718 New Granada was completely separated: Quito, which was at first attached to it, was restored to Peru in 1739. The formation of the viceroyalty of La Plata (1776) reduced Peru to Peru proper, Chile, and Quito, the viceroy at Lima con Pescara, Marquis of trolling the last two in military and treasury matters only. This arrangement continued until the revolution. Perugia (pā-rö jä). 1. A province in the compart i men to of Umbria, Umbria, Italy.so Area, 3,748 square miles. Population (1891), 595,579.2. The capital of the province of Perugia, rugia, sit uated on hills above the Tiber in lat. 43° 7' N., long. 12° 23′ E.: the ancient Perusia. It contains a university. The cathedral, a late-Pointed church chiefly of the 15th century, is exceedingly rich in tombs and other sculptured work, and contains several paintings of unusual excellence, especially a Descent from the Cro by Baroccio (1569), and a Madonna by Luca Sign or ell i. The hexagonal late-Pointed exterior pulpit, resting on brackets, is among the most beautiful of its date: it is of marble, arcaded, with mosaic ornament. The Cambio, or hall of the money-changers, built in 1457, is famous for the frescos, by Perugino, which cover its walls and vaults, and constitute the most important connected series of works by that master. Other objects of interest include the Palazzo Pubblico (picture gallery), Fonte Maggiore, and churches of San Pietro and San Domenico. Perugia was one of the twelve cities of the Etruscan League; was reduced by Rome about 300 B. C.; was besieged by Octavian in 41 and taken in 40 в. с.; was besieged and taken by Totila in 549 A. D.; was ruled by the popes and by various despots; surrendered to Pope Julius II.; was taken by the Duke of Savoy in 1708; and was taken by the Austrians in 1849. After the insurrection of 1859 it was united to Italy (1860). It was the seat of the Umbrian school of painting in the Renai ance. Population (1892), 54,500. Perugia, Lake of. See Trasimeno , Lago . Perugino (pā-rö-jēnō) (Pietro Vannucci). Born at Città dell a Pieve, Umbria, Italy, 1446: died 1524. A celebrated Italian painter of the Umbrian school, called “Il Perugino" from his long residence in Perugia. His mastery of the technical qualities of painting made the training which he gave his pupils valuable. His greatest distinction, however, is that of having been the master of Raphael. Leading a somewhat wandering life, he was called to Rome by Sixtus IV. to a ist in the decoration of the Sistine chapel, and is credited with nine frescos there. Perhaps his greatest work is the decoration of the Sala del Cambio at Perugia. Stillman .