Mariette, Outlines, p

11. Aphthartodocetæ Apelt (ä'pelt), Ernst Fried rich. Born at Reichenau, Saxony, March 3,1812: died at Jena, Oct. 27, 1859. A German philosophical writer, profe or of philosophy at Jena. He was the author of "Epochen der Geschichte der Mensch he it" (1845, 2d ed. 1852), "Theorie der Induktion" (1854), "Re ligionsphilosophie" (1860), etc. Apemantus (ap-e-man'tus). In Shakspere's "Timon of Athens," a cynical and churlish philosopher. Diogenes, in Lily's "Alexander and Campaspe," sat to the poet for Timon's contrast, the cynic Apemantus; the quick striking epigrammatic answers to questions which seem to be inserted here and there too much for the sake of eliciting witty replies, are quite on this model. The description of this antique fool is so perfect in its way that it is supposed Shakespeare must have seen the short sketch of a cynic which in Lucian's "Public Sale of Philosophers" is put into the mouth of Diogenes. Gervinus , Shakespeare Commentaries (tr. by F. E. Bun[nett, ed. 1880), p. 781. A pennines (ap'e-ninz). [F. Apennins , It. Apen nini, G. Apenninen , etc.; L. A penn in us or Appen ninus.] The central mountain system of Italy. It forms the backbone of the peninsula and extends from the Ligurian Alps in the neighborhood of Savona southeastward to the extremity of the peninsula. Its length is about 800 miles and its average height about 4,000 feet. The highest point is Monte Corno (9,585 feet), in the Gran Sa o d'Italia. Apenrade (ä'pen-rä-de). A seaport in the province of Schleswig-Holstein, Pru ia, on the Apenrade Fjord 35 miles north of Schleswig. Population (1890), commune, 5,361. Apepa (ä-pā'pä). A shepherd king of Egypt who ruled at Avaris (Zoan) about 1700 в. с.: probably the Aphobis of Manetho, and perhaps a contemporary of Joseph. Apepi (ä-pape). In Egyptian mythology, the great serpent, the embodiment of evil (Typhon). Aper (ä'per), Aperiu (ä-per-ē'ö), Apuirai (ä-pö-ē'ri). A name of an ancient people mentioned in the Egyptian records, and supposed by some to be the Hebrews, but probably an "Erythræan people in the east of the nome of Helio polis, in what is known as the 'red country' or the 'red mountain" ( Brugsch ). Apfelstedt (äp'fel-stet). A small river in Thu ring i a which joins the Gera south of Erfurt. Aphobis. See Apepa . Aphraates (af-rä tez), Jacob. Lived in the 4th century. One of the fathers of the Syrian Church, surnamed "The Persian Sage." After his conversion he lived in Ede a and later in Antioch. He was an opponent of Arianism, and is the author of a collection of homilies. Aphrodisias (af-ro-dis'i-as). [Gr. Ἀφροδισιάς . ] An ancient town of Caria, situated on the Menander: the modern Ghera. It contains the remains of an ancient hippodrome which coincide on one side with the city walls. Both ends are semicircular. The length is 919 feet, the breadth 270; the arena is 747 by 98 feet. There are 26 tiers of seats, divided into sections by flights of steps and bordered above by an arcaded gallery. There is also a Roman temple of Venus, which is comparatively well preserved. It is octastyle, pseudo dipteral, with 15 columns on the flanks, in plan 60 by 119 feet. The peristyle columns are 85 feet high. Aphrodite (af-rō-dīte). [Gr. Ἀφροδίτη , a ociated by popular etym. with ἀφρός , foam, as if 'foam-born' (cf. Anadyomene ).] In Greek mythology, the godde of love and wedlock, according to one legend daughter of Zeus (Jupiter) and Dione, according to another risen from the foam of the sea at Cyprus, whence she is called Kypris. Many scholars give her an Asiatic origin and connect her with the Phenic i an Astarte (A yroBabylonian Ishtar) who corresponds to her. She was originally conceived as a power of nature, and later specifically as the deity of reproduction and love. She sometimes appears as the wife of Hephæstus (Vulcan), and in her train are her son Eros (Amor) and the Graces. The chief seats of her worship were Paphos, Amathus, and Idalion on the island of Cyprus, Cnidus in Asia Minor, Corinth, and Eryx in Sicily. Among plants the myrtle, rose, and apple were especially sacred to her; among animals the ram, he-goat, dove, and swan. van. Of her representations in art the most famous are the replica of her statue of Cnidus by Praxiteles in the Glyptothek of Munich, the original statues of Melos in the Louvre, of Capua at Naples, the Medicean in Florence, and the Capitoline in Rome. The Romans identified Aphrodite with Venus, who was originally a Latin godde of spring. Aphrodite, Temple of. See Ægin a (Greece). Aphroditopolis (afro-di-top'ō-lis). [Gr. Άφρο διτόπολις , city of Aphrodite.'"] The name of several cities in ancient Egypt. Aphthartodocetæ (af-thär to-do-sē'tē). [MGr. Ἀφθαρτοδοκηται , from Gr. ἄφθαρτος , incorruptible, and δοκεῖν , teach.] A Monophysite sect which existed from the 6th to the 9th century or later. They held that the body of Christ was incorruptible even before the resurrection, and that he suffered death only in a phantasmal appearance. From this they are sometimes called Phantasiasts , a name more properly belonging to the Docetæ, who denied even the reality of Christ's body. Aphthonius Aphthonius (af-thō'ni-us), Ælius Festus. Lived about 300 A. D. A Greek rhetorician. He was the author of four books "de metris," which Marius Victor in us, about the middle of the 4th century, incorporated in his system of grammar. Apia (a'pi-a). An old name of the Pelopon nesus. Apia (ä'pe-ä). A municipality and seaport, chief town of Upolu, Samoan Islands, situated in lat. 13° 49′ S., long. 171° 48′ W. It is the center of German commerce in the western Pacific, and is under the supervision of the German, British, and American consuls. On March 15, 1889, a hurricane visited the harbor of Apia, destroying the American men-of-war Vandal i a and Trenton, and the German men-of-war Adler and Eber, with several merchant ve els. The American Nipsic and the German Olga were beached. Many lives were lost. Apiacás (äp-e-ä-käs'). The name of two Indian tribes of Brazil. (1) A horde of the Tupi race which, in historical times, has lived on the Upper Tapajós and Arinos; they are an agricultural people, and skilful canoemen; now reduced to a few you sand. (2) A small tribe on the To can tins, which, by its language, appears to be allied to the Caribs. Apianus (ä-pē-ä'nös), Petrus: Latinized from his German name, Peter Bienewitz (G. biene , L. apis , a bee). Born at Leysnick, 1495: died there, April 21,1552. A German mathematician and cosmographer. He was profe or of mathematics at Ingolstadt, and was created by Charles V. a knight of the German Empire. He wrote an astronomical work, but is best known for his volumes on cosmography, which contain some of the earliest maps of America. Apicata (ap-i-kā'tä). In Ben Jonson's play "The Fall of Sejanus," the wife of Sejanus, who put her away for Livia. Apicius(a-pish'ius), Marcus Gabius. A famous Roman epicure who lived during the reigns of August us and Tiberius. Having, it was said, spent one hundred million sesterces (about $3,600,000) in procuring and inventing rare dishes, he balanced his accounts and found that he had only ten million sesterces ($360,000) left. Unwilling to starve on such a pittance, he destroyed himself. Apinji (ä-pēn'je). A small Bantu tribe of the French Kongo, between the Ba-Kele and the Ashango. Apion (a'pi-on). [Gr. Ἀπίων .] A Greek grammarian and commentator on Homer, who flourished about the middle of the 1st century A. D. Apis (a'pis). [Gr. ' Απις , Egypt. Hapi , the hidden one.] The Bull of Memphis, worshiped by the ancient Egyptians. He was supposed to be the image of the soul of Osiris, and was the sacred emblem of that god. Sometimes he is figured as a man with a bull's head. "There were many signs nece ary for an Apis;. for instance, spots in the shape of a triangle on the forehead, and a half-moon on the breast. If such an Apis was discovered, it was led with rejoicings into Mem phis, it was carefully tended, and after its death wa was buried with great costline . He was zealously worshipped and gave oracles. He was looked on as the second life, or the son of Ptah, the soul or image of Osiris, born of a virgin After his death he became Osiris-Apis or Serapis." cow. La Sau aye , Science of Religion (trans.), p. 405. Apo (ä'po). A volcano in the central part of Mindanao, Philippines, over 10,000 feet high. Apocalypse, The. See Revelation . Apocrypha (a-pok'ri-fa), The. [LL. apocry pha , neut. pl. (sc. script a ) of apocryphus , from Gr. ἀπόκρυφος (neut. pl. ἀπόκρυφα , sc. γράμματα or βιβλία ), hidden, concealed, obscure, recondite, hard to understand; in eccles. use, of writings, anonymous, of unknown or undetermined authorship or authority, unrecognized, unca hide away, conceal, obscure, from ἀπό , away, and κρύπτειν , hide, conceal.] A collection of fourteen books subjoined to the canonical books of the Old Testament in the authorized version of the Bible, as originally i ued, but now generally omitted. They do not exist in the Hebrew Bible, but are found with others of the same character scattered through the Septuagint and Vulgate versions of the Old Testament. They are: First and Second Esdras (otherwise Third and Fourth Esdras or Ezra, reckoning Nehemiah as Second Ezra or Esdras), Tobit or Tobias, Judith, the Rest trat or, amba ador to England 1808, captain general of Cuba 1812-16, and viceroy of New Spain (Mexico), Aug., 1816, to Aug., 1822. By energy combined with a spirit of conciliation, he in a great measure repre ed the revolutionists, defeating Mina, who was captured and executed (Nov., 1817), and driving Vicente Guerrero to the mountains. When Iturbide rebelled (1821) the viceroy was obliged to temporize, and the insurgents had gained important succe es before he left. For this reason he is surnamed "the Unfortunate. 20,880. Apolda (ä-pol'dä). A town in the grand duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, 9 miles northeast of Weimar. It has manufactures of hosiery, woolen goods, machinery, dyes, bells, etc. Population (1890), A poll in are in Cla e (ä-pol-lē-nä're in cläs'se), San. [See Cla is .] A church at Ravenna, Italy, begun in 534, the most important existing early-Christian basilica in Italy. In plan it is 93 feet by 173, measuring inside, with nav nave and aisles separated by 24 gray marble columns with round arches, and a raised semicircular tribune. There is a clearstory of double round-arched windows, and the wooden roofs are open. The narthex, now walled up, originally had open arcades. Nave and aisles have painted medallion-friezes of busts of the bishops and archbishops of Ravenna. The vault and walls of the tribune are covered with splendid mosaics of the 6th and 7th centuries. The picturesque circular campanile is of brick, 120 feet high, with many round-arched windows. A poll in are Nuovo (ä-pol-le-nä're nö-ō'vō), San. A church at Ravenna, Italy, built by Theodoric in the 6th century. In plan it is 115 by 315 feet, with a single raised apse (bema), and a handsome narthex with a portico. The nave, 51 feet wide, with fine coffered ceiling, has 24 columns brought from Constantinople; the Corinthian capitals are surmounted by heavy Byzantine abaci. Above the arcades of the nave the walls are covered with very beautiful 6th-century mosaics. Apollinarians (a-pol-i-nā'ri-anz). A religious sect deriving their name from A poll in aris the Younger, bishop of Laodicea in the 4th century. A poll in aris denied the proper humanity of Christ, attributing to him a human body and a human soul, or vital principle, but teaching that the Divine Reason, or Logos, took in him the place which in man is occupied by the rational principle. A poll in aris (a-pol-i-na'ris), Saint. See the extract. The mythical founder-bishop of the Church of Ravenna was Saint A poll in aris, a citizen of Antioch, well versed in Greek and Latin literature, who, we are told, followed Peter to Rome, was ordained there by that Apostle, and eventually was commi ioned by him to preach the Gospel at Ravenna. Before his departure, however, he had once pa ed a night in St. Peter's company at the monastery known by the name of the Elm ("ad Ulmum"). They had slept upon the bare rock, and the indentations made by their heads, their backs, and their legs were still shown in the 9th century.