CARLSTADT, ANDREAS RUDOLF

BODENSTEIN (1480-1541), Ger. reformer; was preacher and prof. of Theol. at Wittenberg, and became one of the leading Reformers. His extreme views and drastic methods, however, brought him into conflict with Luther and the Elector Frederick, and he was compelled to leave Saxony; eventually became prof. of Theol. at Basel, 1534. re, Nottingham shire, England. Pop. engineer and former president of the Western Union Telegraph Company, was b. at Elizabeth, N. J., and educated at the Stevens Institute of Technology. He practiced as a mechanical engineer at Buffalo and later became vice president of the Bell Telephone Company, and then of the Westing house Blectric and Manufacturing Company. Later he went to London as the managing director of the British Westing house Electric and Manufacturing Company, this post being followed by the presidency of the Western Union Telegraph Company. CHATTIN (1873), American librarian, attended Holyoke, Ma . High School and Mt. Herman School, Ma . Hon. M.A., Trinity College, Conn., 1902; L.H.D., Trinity, 1915. Was Librarian of Trinity College, 1899-1909 and Instructor in English there from 1901-3. Librarian of Williams College in 1922. Charles Jeremy Headley, LL.D., A Memoir, was published by him in 1902 as were also, Bibliography of the Official Publications of Trinity College, 1824-1905, 1905; Poems and Letters of Lord Byron, 1911; Notes on Bridge water House Library, 1918; Contributes to Encyclopedia Am eric anna, Modern Language Notes and The New York Evening Post Literary Review. 1805), Scot. preacher; minister at Inveresk (Mid loth i an) from 1748; moderator of General A embly 1770. He witne ed the battle of Preston pans 1745, and his Autobiography, pub. 1860, is a a valuable as a commentary on the Scot. life of his period; friend of many notable men; called ‘Jupiter Carlyle’ owing to impre ive appearance. Scot. historian, e ayist, and philosopher; 6. Ecclefechan, Dumfrieshire; second s. in a family of ten children of James Carlyle, stonemason, and later small farmer. He was ed. at the parish school, Annan Academy, and, in 1809, became a student of Edinburgh Univ. Here he acquired little beyond a slender knowledge of the cla ics and a moderate succe . in math’s.. He had intended entering the ministry, but this idea was abandoned, and he was app. mathematical master at Annan Academy, exchanging later to a school at Kirkcaldy, where he met and formed a lasting friendship with Edward Irving, master of a rival school. By 1818 C. was back in Edinburgh where he studied law and took private, Sasigres Law, in its turn, was abandoned, ut the teaching was continued for some years. Next he embarked upon a literary career, was engaged by Dr. Brewster to write articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, and received $50 for a trans. of Legendre’s Geometry. At this period he also wrote his Life of Schiller, translated Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister, visited London and Paris, making the acquaintance of Cole ridge, Hazlitt, and others, and received the first of a series of encouraging letters from Goethe. In 1826 he m. Jane Baillie Welsh, and they set up housekeeping at Comely Bank, Edinburgh. Here C. wrote Specimens of German Romance, 4 vol’s, and became a contributor to the Edinburgh Review. Two years later C. moved to his wife’s property at Craigenputtock, where he wrote Sartor Resartus, and maintained the household for six years by his contributions to the reviews. In 1834 the Carlyles settled at Cheyne ow, Chelsea, which remained their home for the rest of their lives. His masterly French Revolution was pub. in 1837; Sartor Resarius, 1838; Chartism, 1839; Heroes and Hero-Worship, 1841; Past and Present, 1843; Oliver Cromwell, 1845; Latter-Day Pamphlets, 1850; Frederick the Great, 1858-65. In 1865 C. was elected Lord Rector of Edinburgh Univ., delivering a Rectorial Addre the following year, but the gratification which this brought him was shattered immediately after by the sudden death of his wife. Thenceforth his output of work was small, and he lived more or le in retirement. CO. exercised a more powerful influence upon the lit. and the religious, ethical, and political views of his time than any contemporary English writer, rere | His work is remarkable for its qualitie of humor, sarcasm, and profound insighi and his vivid and picturesque style i distinctly characteristic of the man. I his disposition C. was often irritabl hasty, and inconsiderate, afflicted as h was by chronic dyspepsia, yet thes defects scarcely served to hide a nob! and tender nature; and it embittered hi later years to learn, after his wife death, how much she had suffered fror his lack of sympathy and app rec i at i or E.), town, Turin, Italy; with cathedra silk. Pop. 12,000. +