Drew, Samuel

Born at St. A us tell, Cornwall, is England, March 3, 1765: died at Helston, wall, March 29, 1833. An An English Methodist clergyman and theologian. He wrote "E ay on the Immateriality and Immortality of the Soul" (1802), "E ay on the Identity and General Resurrection of the Body" (1809). Drexel (dreks'el), Anthony Joseph. Born at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1826: died at Karlsbad, June 30, 1893. An American banker, son of Francis Martin Drexel. He founded the Drexel Institute of Art, Science, and Industry in Philadelphia Drexel, Francis Martin. Born at Dornbirn, Austrian Tyrol, April 7, 1792: died June 5, 1863. A banker. He founded the banking house of Drexel and Co. at Philadelphia (1837). (1891). Dreyfus (drā-füs'), Alfred. A captain, of Jewish descent, in the French army. He was convicted (by a secret military tribunal) in 1894 of having divulged state secrets to a foreign power, and was sentenced to penal servitude for life. He was imprisoned on Devil's Island, French Guiana. The efforts to obtain a revision of his case involved men prominent in all branches of the government service and agitated France for years. He was accorded a second trial at Rennes, Aug. 7-Sept. 9, 1899, and was recondemned and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment, but was pardoned. Dreys chock (drī'shok), Alexander. Born at Zack, Bohemia, Oct. 15, 1818: died at Venice, April 3, 1869. A pianist and composer, profe or (from 1862) of the pianoforte at the conservatory of St. Petersburg, director of the imperial school of theatrical music, and court pianist. Dreyse (dri'ze), Johann Nikolaus von. Born at Sömmerda, Pru ia, Nov. 20, 1787: died Dec. 9, 1867. A German mechanician, inventor of the muzzle-loading needle-gun (1827), and of the breech-loader (1836). Driburg (dre'böra). A watering-place in the province of Westphalia, Pru ia, 11 miles east of Paderborn. Driffield (drif'ēld), or Great Driffield. A town in Yorkshire, England, 18 miles north of Hull. Population (1891), 5,703. Drin (dren). A river in Turkey which flows through northern Albania, and empties into the Adriatic near Ale io. Length, about 200 miles. Drina (drē'nä). A river which rises in Monte negro, flows through Bosnia and along the Servian-Bosnian frontier, and joins the Save at the frontier of Servia, Bosnia, and Slavonia. Length, about 300 miles. Drisheen City. A name popularly given to the city of Cork. A drisheen is an article of food made of the serum of the blood of sheep mixed with milk and seasoned with pepper, salt, and tansy. Wheeler. Drogheda (droch'e-dä). ['The bridge over the ford.] A seaport in Leinster, Ireland, situated on the Boyne 26 miles north of Dublin. It forms with the surrounding district (9 square miles) a county. "Poynings's Law" (see Drogheda , Statute of ) was pa ed here in 1494. The town was defended against O'Neill 1641-42; was stormed by Cromwell and the garrison ma acred Sept., 1649; and surrendered to William III. after the battle of the Boyne (which see), 1690. Population Drogheda, Statute of. A statute pa ed by the parliament of Drogheda, Sept. 13, 1494, commonly called Poynings's Act (or Law), from the name of its author, the lord deputy of Ireland, Sir Edward Poynings. It enacted that no Irish parliament should be held without the consent of the King of England, and that no bill could be brought forward in an Irish parliament without his approval. It was repealed in 1782. Drogio (dro'ji-ō). A name given by Antonio Zeno to an imaginary country said to be south and west of Estotiland. It was of vast extent, and has been thought to include Nova Scotia and New England. Drohobycz (drō hō-büch). A town in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, situated in lat. 49° 23′ Ν., long 23° 28′ E. It has considerable trade and salt-works. Population (1890), commune, 17,916. Droitwich (droit'ich). A town in Worcesters hire, England, 6 miles northeast of Worcester, famous for its salt-springs. Population (1891), 4,021. Drôme (drom). A department of France, lying between Isère on the north, Isère and Hautes Alpes on the east, Ba es-Alpes on the southeast, and Vaucluse on the south, and sep a rated by the Rhône from Ardèche on the west. Its chief products are wine and silk. Capital, Valence. It was formed from portions of Dauphiné, Provence, and Comtat-Venai in. Area, 2,518 square miles. Population (1891), 306,419. Dromio of Ephesus and Dromio of Syracuse. David. Drouet (drö-a'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Sainte-Menehould, Marne, France, Jan. 8, 1763: died at Mâcon, France, April 11, 1824. A French revolutionist. He caused the arrest of Louis XVI. at Varennes June 21, 1791, and was a member of the Convention in 1792 and of the Council of Five Hundred in 1795. Drouet, Jean Baptiste, Comte d'Erlon. Born at Rheims, France, July 29, 1765: died at Paris, Jan. 25, 1844. A marshal of France, distinguished in the Napoleonic wars, particularly at Jena 1806, and Fried land 1807: governor-general of Algeria 1834-35. Drouyn de Lhuys (drö-an' de lüēs'), Édouard. Born at Paris, Nov. 19, 1805: died at Paris, March 1, 1881. A French diplomatist and politician. He was minister of foreign affairs Dec. 20, 1848, June 2, 1849; Jan. 10-24, 1851; July 28, 1852,-May 3, 1855; and Oct., 1862, Sept. 1, 1866. Droysen (droi's en), Johann Gustav. Born at Treptow, Pomerania, Pru ia, July 6, 1808: died at Berlin, June 19, 1884. Á German historian, profe or at Berlin from 1859. His works translations of "Æschylus" (1832) and "Aris toph anes" include "Geschichte der pre us sis chen Politik" (1855-81), (1836), "Geschichte Alexanders des Gro en" (1833), "Geschichte des Hellenismus" (1836-43), etc. Droz (dro), François Xavier Joseph. Born at Besançon, France, Oct. 31, 1773: died at Paris, Nov. 5, 1850. A French moralist and historian. He published "His to ire du règne de Louis XVI." (1839-42), "De la philosophie morale" (1823), etc. Droz, Gustave. Born at Paris, June 9, 1832: died Oct. 31, 1895. A French novelist. His works include "Monsieur, madame, et bébé" (1866), "Entre nous" (1867), "Le cahier bleu de Mlle. Cibot" (1867), "Une femme gênante" (1875), "Triste es et sourires" (1884), "L'Enfant" (1885), etc. Droz, Henri Louis Jacquet. Born at La Chauxde-Fonds, Switzerland, Oct. 13, 1752: died at Naples, Nov. 18, 1791. A Swi mechanician, son of Pierre Jacquet Droz. Droz, Pierre Jacquet. Born at La Chaux-deFonds, Switzerland, July 28, 1721: died at Bienne, Switzerland, Nov. 28, 1790. A Swi mechanician, especially noted for the construc tion of a writing automaton. Druid (drö'id), Dr. The Welsh tutor of Lord Abberville, in Cumber land's play "The Fashionable Lover." Druids (drö'idz). [Of Old Celtic origin.] 1. The priests or ministers of religion among the ancient Celts of Gaul, Britain, and Ireland. The chief seats of the Druids were in Wales, Britt any, and the regions around the modern Dreux and Chart res in France. The Druids are believed to have po e ed some knowledge of geometry, natural philosophy, etc. They superintended the affairs of religion and morality, and performed the office of judges. The oak is said to have represented to them the one supreme God, and the mistletoe when growing upon it the dependence of man upon him; and they accordingly held these in the high est veneration, oak-groves their places of worship. They are said to have had a common superior, who was elected by a majority of votes from their own members, and who enjoyed his dignity for life. The Druids, as an exterminated by them. order, always opposed the Romans, but were ultimately 2. The members of a society called the United Ancient Order of Druids, founded in London, in 1781, for the mutual benefit of the members, and now comprising numerous lodges, called groves, in America, Australia, Germany, and elsewhere. Druses Drumclog (drum-klog'). A place in Lan arks hire, Scotland, 16 miles south by east of Glasgow. Here, June 1 (O. S.), 1679, the Scottish Covenanters defeated the Royalists. Drummer, The, or the Haunted House. A play by Add is on. It was first played in March, 1716, and not known to be Add is on's till Steele published the fact, after the author's death. Doran , Eng. Stage, I. 231. Drummond (drum'ond), James, Earl of Perth. Born in 1648: died at St. Germain, France, March 11, 1716. A Scottish nobleman. He was appointed chancellor of Scotland by Charles II. in 1684, and was retained in office on the acce ion of James II., whose chief agent he became in the Roman Catholic administration of Scotland. He was banished on the deposition of James. Drummond, James, Earl of Perth. Born in 1675: died at Paris in 1720. A Scottish nobleman, son of James Drummond (1648-1716), earl of Perth. He participated in the Jacobite rising of 1715-16 in Scotland, during which he conducted an unsucce ful expedition against Edinburgh Castle and led from Montrose with the Pretender in 1716. the cavalry at the battle of Sheriff muir. He escaped Drummond, Henry. Born Dec. 5, 1786: died at Albury, Surrey, Feb. 20, 1860. An English politician and general writer. He was for many years partner in Drummond's bank, London; was member of Parliament for Plympton Earle, Devon, 1810-13, and for West Surrey from 1847 until his death; founded the pro fe or ship of political economy at Oxford in 1825; and was one of the founders of Irvingite Church, in which he held the rank of apostle, evangelist, and prophet. Among his works are "Condition of Agricultural Cla es" (1842) and "History of Noble British Families" (1846). Drummond, Henry. Born at Stirling, Scotland, 1851: died at Tun bridge Wells, March 11, 1897. A Scottish clergyman and author. He was appointed profe or of natural history and science in the Free Church College, Glasgow, in 1879. He has written "Natural Law in the Spiritual World" (1883), "Tropical Africa" (1888), etc. Drummond, Thomas. Born at Edinburgh, Oct. 10, 1797: died at Dublin, April 15, 1840. A British engineer, inventor of the Drummond light (1825). Drummond, William, of Hawthorn den. Born at Hawthorn den, near Edinburgh, Dec. 13, 1585: died at Hawthorn den, Dec. 4, 1649. A Scottish poet. He took the degree of M. A. at the University of Edinburgh in 1605, and studied law at Bourges and Paris 1607-08. On succeeding his father, John Drummond, as laird of Hawthorn den in 1610, he retired to his estate, and devoted himself to literature and mechanical experiments. He published "Tears on the Death of Meliades" (1613), "Poems" (1616), "Notes of Ben Jonson's Conversations," "Flowers of Zion," and "Cypre Grove" (1623). Drummond, Sir William. Born in Scotland about 1760: died at Rome, March 29, 1828. A British diplomatist and writer. He published "Origines, or Remarks on the Origin of several Empires, States, and Cities" (1824-29), etc. Drummond Island. The westernmost island of the Manitou lin group in Lake Huron. It belongs to Chippewa County, Michigan. Drummond Lake. A lake in southeastern Virginia, in the middle of the Great Dismal Swamp. Drunken Parliament, The. A nickname of the Scottish Parliament which met in 1661. Drupada (drö'pa-da). [Skt.] The King of Panchala, father of Dhrishtadyumna and Krishna, called Draupadi. He was beheaded on the fourteenth day of the great battle by Drona, who on the next day was killed by Dhrishtadyumna. Drury (drö'ri) Lane. A street in London, near the Strand, with which it communicates through Wych street. "It is one of the great arteries of the parish of St. Clement Danes, an aristocratic part of Lon don in the time of the Stuarts. It takes its name from Drury House, built by Sir William Drury in the time of Henry VIII. Near the entrance of Drury Lane from the Strand, on the left, an old house, now a Mi ion House, still exists, which stood in the Lane with the old house of the Drurys', before the street was built. The respectability of Drury Lane began to wane at the end of the seventeenth century." Hare , London, II. 94. Drury Lane Theatre. One of the principal theaters of London, situated on Ru ell street near Drury Lane. It was opened under Kill i grew's patent 1663; rebuilt by Sir Christopher Wren and reopened in 1674; and reopened 1794 and 1812. Drury's Bluff (drö'riz bluf). A point on the James River, near Fort Darling, 8 miles south of Richmond, Virginia. Here, May 16, 1864, the Con federates under Beau regard repulsed the Federals under Butler. Lo (May 12--16) of the Federals, 3,012; of the Confederates, 2,500. Druses (drö'zez). [Turk. Druzi .] A people and religious sect of Syria, living chiefly in the mountain regions of Lebanon and Anti-Libanus and the district of Hauran. The only name they acknowledge is Unitarians ( Muahidin ); that by which they are known to others is probably from Is mail Darazi or Durzi, who was their first apostle in Syria. They are fanatical and warlike, and have had bloody conflicts with their neighbors the Maronites. Drusilla Drusilla (drö-sil'ä). 1. A daughter of Germanic us and A grip pin a, and sister and mistre of Caligula. The daughter of Caligula by his wife Cæsonia.-3. A daughter of Herod Agrippa I., wife first of Azizus, king of Emesa, and then of Felix, procurator of Judea. She is mentioned in Acts xxiv. 24. Drusilla, Livia. The wife of August us and mother of Tiberius. Drusius (drö'sē-ös), Johannes (Jan van der Driesche). Born at Oudenarde, Flanders, June 28, 1550: died at Franeker, Fries land, Feb. 12, 1616. A Dutch Orientalist and exegete. Drusus, Arch of. See Arch of Drusus . Drusus (drö'sus) Cæsar. Born about 10 в. с.: died 23 A. D. Son of Tiberius and Vipsania. He quelled a mutiny of the legions in Pannonia in 14; was consul in 15; was appointed governor of Illyricum in 16; was consul in 21; and in 22 was invested with the tribu nicia potestas , whereby he was declared heir apparent to the throne. He was poisoned by the favorite Sejanus, who aspired to the succe ion. Drusus, Marcus Livius. Died probably 109 в.с. A Roman politician. He was tribune of the plebs conjointly with Caius Gracchus in 122, his election having been procured by the senate, whose members were alarmed at the democratic innovations of the latter. In collusion with the senate he opposed his veto to the bills brought forward by his colleague, and introduced instead bills of similar import, but making more extravagant conce ions, which were pa ed by the senate. He was consul in 112, and while defeated the overnor of Macedonia, which he obtained as his province, Drusus, Marcus Livius. Died at Rome, 91B.C. в. с. Drusus. He became in 91 tribune of the plebs, whose favor he won by large es of corn and by the introduction of a bill providing for a new division of the public lands. This bill, together with another which restored to the senate the places on the juries of which it had been de prived by C. Gracchus, was pa ed by the comitiæ, but declared null and void by the senate. He was a a inated as he was about to bring forward a proposal to bestow the citizenship on the Italians. His death gave the signal for the outbreak of the Social War. Drusus, Nero Claudius. Born 38 B. c.: died in Germany, 9 в. с. А Roman general, brother of Tiberius. He was the son of Livia by Tiberius Claudius Nero, and was born shortly after the marriage of his IMG:content-0436.png:[blocks in formation] Population, 7,482. ful old steward at Lochleven Castle, who enter Scott's novel "The Abbot," the revengedeavors to poison Queen Mary and her attendants. Dryope (drī'ō-pē). [Gr. Δρυόπη.] In Greek mythology, a shepherde , daughter of Dryops or of Eurytus. She was the playmate of the Hamadryads, and was changed by them into a poplar. By Apollo she was the mother of Amphi us. Dry Tortugas (drī tôr-töʻgaz). A group of coral keys in the Gulf of Mexico, about lat. 24° 36′ N., long. 82° 54′ W., included in Monroe County, Florida. A penal station was established on one of them, at Fort Jefferson, during the Civil War. Dualla (dö-äl'ä). The principal tribe, of Bantu stock, in the German Kamerun, West Africa. Formerly slave-dealers, the Dualla are still given to trade, acting as middlemen between the whites on the coast and the natives of the interior. Owing to mi ionary efforts there are several native churches; many natives can read, and a few have acquired wealth. They are ruled by petty chiefs, and subject to the German governor. The Ba-sa and Ba-kume are neighbors of the Dualla in the Kamerun. See Kamerun . Duane (dö-an'), William. Born near Lake Cham plain, N. Y., 1760: died at Philadelphia, Nov. 24,1835. An American journalist and pol it i years in India and England. He returned to America in 1795 cian. He was educated in Ireland, and lived a number of and from 1798-1822 was editor of the "Aurora," published at Philadelphia, which under his management became the leading newspaper of the Democratic party. He published "A Military Dictionary" (1810), "A Visit to Columbia" (1826: the record of a trip to South America in 18221823), etc. Duane, William John. Born at Clonmel, Ireland, May 9, 1780: died at Philadelphia, Sept. 26, 1865. An American lawyer and politician, son of William Duane. He was appointed secretary of the treasury by President Jackson in 1833, but was dismi ed in the same year for refusing to remove the gov ernment deposits from the United States Bank without authority from Congre . gether with his brother Tiberius, by the emperor; and at an early age married Antonia, the daughter of Marcus Antonius. He subdued a revolt in Gaul in 13, and, starting in 12 from the left bank of the Rhine, undertook four campaigns in Germany proper, in the course of which he led the Roman armies to the Weser and the Elbe. He died man in Fletcher and Mas singer's "Custom of the Country." Cibber introduces him in a somewhat modified form in his "Love makes a Man," taken from the former play. Duarte Coelho. See Coelho . cially in historical writing). IMG:content-0437.png:[blocks in formation] Dryden (dri'den), John. Born at the vicarage of Aldwinkle All Saints, North amp tons hire, England, Aug. 9 (?), 1631: died at London, May 1, 1700. A celebrated English poet and dramatist. He was graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1650. In 1663 he married Lady Elizabeth Howard, the sister of his friend Sir Robert Howard. Original ly a Parliamentarian, he went over to the Royalist side, and was poet laureate and historiographer royal 1670-88. In 1679 he had a quarrel with Rochester, which caused him to be cudgeled in the street by masked bravos. The unsettled state of public feeling after the Popish plot, which induced him to write his series of satires (of which "Absalom and Achitophel" was the first), brought down upon him a storm of libels. He was converted to Roman Catholicism in 1686, but his sincerity has been impugned. His critical writings were numerous and on various sub ris, Oct. 14, 1797: died at Bordeaux, France, Dec. 20, 1870. A French architect. From 1848-54 he was architect of the Louvre. Du Barry. See Barry . Du Bartas. See Bartas . Du Baudrier (dü bō-dre-a'), Sieur. A pseudonym of Swift in "A New Journey to Paris" (1711). Dubbhe, or Dubhe (döb'he). [Ar, dubh , a bear.] The bright second-magnitude star a Ursæ Major is, the northern one of the "two pointers" in the constellation. Du Bellay. See Bellay . Dublin (dubʻlin). [Ir. Dubh - linn , black-pool, orig. the name of that part of the river Liffey on which the city now stands.] 1. A maritime county in Leinster, Ireland, bounded by the Irish Sea on the east, Wicklow on the south, Meath and Kildare on the west, and Meath on the northwest. Area, 354 square miles. Population (1891), 419,216.-2. The capital of Ireland, situated on the Liffey at its entrance into Dublin Bay, in lat. (of observatory) 53° 23′ Ν., long. 6° 20′ W. It has a large trade; its chief manufactures are porter, whisky, and poplin. It contains Dublin Castle, Trinity College, a Roman Catholic University, the Bank of Ireland (formerly the Parliament House), the Custom House, Phœnix Park, and the Four Courts. It was probably the Eblana of Ptolemy. It was seized by the Danes in the 9th century, and was taken by Strong bow in Gramat, Lot, France, 1756: died at Paris, March, 1837. A French surgeon, noted as an obstetrician. He accompanied Napoleon in the Egyptian campaign. Dubois, Guillaume. Born at Brives-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze, France, Sept. 6, 1656: died at Versailles, France, Aug. 10, 1723. A French cardinal and statesman. He was councilor of state in 1715; negotiated the triple alliance between England, France, and Holland in 1717; and was prime minister in 1722. Dubois, Jacques, Latinized Sylvius. Born at Amiens, 1478: died at Paris, Jan. 13, 1555. A French physician, profe or of medicine at the Royal College (now Collège de France). His collected works were published in 1530. Dubois, Jean Antoine. Born at St. Ramèze, Ardèche, France, 1765: died at Paris, Feb. 7, 1848. A French mi ionary. He published a "Description of the Character, etc., of the People of India, etc." (London, 1816), "Pant chat antra, ou les cinq ruses, fables de Wichnou-Sarma, etc." (1826). Dubois, John. Born at Paris, Aug. 24, 1764: died Dec. 20, 1842. A French-American bishop of the Roman Catholic Church. He founded Mount St. Mary's College, Emmettsburg, Maryland, in 1809. nand, France, Dubois, Paul. Born at Nogent-sur-Seine, France, July 18, 1829. A noted French sculptor. At eight years of age he entered the Collège Louisle-Grand in Paris. After leaving college he took up the study of law, which he abandoned later for sculpture, entering (1856) the studio of To us saint. In 1859 he went to Rome. In 1864 he exhibited a bronze statue of the young John the Baptist. His most noted works are the sculptures on the tomb of General Lamoricière in the cathedral of Nantes. He is also a succe ful painter. Dubois, Paul Antoine. Born at Paris, Dec. 7, 1795: died at Paris, Dec., 1871. A French obstetrician, son of Antoine Dubois. Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey . Du Bois-Reymond (dü bwä-rā-môn'), Emil. Born at Berlin, Nov. 7, 1818: died there, Dec. 26, 1896. A noted German physiologist. He became profe or of physiology in the University of Berlin in 1855, and in 1867 was elected perpetual secretary of the Academy of Sciences at Berlin. He is best known from his researches and discoveries in animal electricity and the functions of the nerves. His works include "Un tersuchungen über tierische Elektricitat" (1848-60), 'Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur allgemeinen Muskelund Nervenphysik" (1875-77), etc. Dubos (dü-bo ́), Jean Baptiste. Born at Beauvais, France, Dec., 1670: died at Paris, March 23, 1742. A French critic, historian, and diplomat. His works include "Réflexions critiques sur la poésie et la peinture" (1719), "His to ire critique de l'établi ement de la monarchie française dans les Gaules" (1734), etc. Dubosc (dü-bosk'). In "The Lyons Mail" (formerly Stirling's "The Courier of Lyons"), a brutal highwayman who murders the courier and robs the mail. His extraordinary likene to the mild and noble-minded Lesurques causes the latter to be arrested for the crime. Henry Irving has been succe ful in the dual part, playing both characters. Dubo ary (dö-bos-sä'ri). A town in the government of Kherson, Ru ia, situated on the Dniester in lat. 47° 17′ N., long. 29°10′ E. Population, 9,697. Dubovka (dö-bof'kä). A town in the government of Saratoff, Ru ia, situated on the Volga in lat. 49° 15′ N., long. 44° 50′ E. Population, 14,543. 1170. Its castle was commenced in 1205. A ma acre of the English residents occurred on Black Monday in 1207. The city was occupied by William III. in 1689. It was the scene of a conspiracy in 1798, of Emmet's insurrection in 1803, and of the Phoenix Park political a a inations (see Cavendish , Lord Frederick ), May 6, 1882. Population (1901), 290,638; with suburbs, 373,179. Dublin, University of. See Trinity College . Dublin Bay. An inlet of the Irish Sea. Length, about 8 miles. Dublin Castle. An ancient fortification of the 13th century, in the city of Dublin. It is now restored, and is the residence of the viceroy. Dübner (düb'ner), Fried rich. Born at Hörselgau, near Gotha, Germany, Dec. 20, 1802: died at Paris, Oct. 13, 1867. A German cla ical philologist and critic. He was profe or at the gymnasium in Gotha 1826-31, and in 1822 went to Paris to take part in the editing of Stephanus's "Thesaurus lin. jects. He wrote many prologues, epilogues, and dedications, and after his conversion to Roman Catholicism employed his pen in defense of his faith. His chief poems are "Heroic Stanzas" on the death of Cromwell (1658), "Astræa Redux,"celebrating the Restoration (1660), "Annus Mirabilis" (1667), "Absalom and Achitophel" (1681: the second part with Tate, 1682), "The Medal" (1682), "MacFlecknoe" (1682), "Religio Laici" (1682), "The Hind and the Panther" (1687), "Translation of Virgil" (1697), "Alexander's Feast (1697); also translations of Juvenal, Ovid, etc. His chief plays are Indian Emperor," manzor and Almahide, or the Conquest of Granada," "Aurengzebe," "All for Love," "Secret Love, or The Maid en Queen," "Sir Martin Mar-all," "Don Sebastian," "An Evening's Love, or The Mock Astrologer," "Marriage à la Mode," "The Kind Keeper," "Amboyna," "The Spanish guæ Græcæ." Dubs (döbz), Jakob. Born at Affoltern, near Zurich, Switzerland, July 26, 1822: died at Lausanne, Switzerland, Jan. 13, 1879. A Swi statesman and jurist, president of the confederation in 1864. Dubufe (dü-büf'), Claude Marie. Born at Paris about 1790: died at Paris, April 21, 1864. A French painter. IMG:content-0438.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0439.png:[blocks in formation] 25, 1802: died Jan. 22, 1879. A French architect. His chief work is the Palace of Justice in Paris. Ducamp, or Du Camp (dü-kon'), Maxime. Born at Paris, Feb. 8, 1822: died there, Feb. 9, 1894. A French author, journalist, traveler, and artist. He was one of the founders of the "Revue de Paris" (1851: suppre ed in 1858), and has been a contributor to the "Revue des Deux Mondes.". His chief work is "Paris: ses organes, ses fonctions, sa vie" (1869-75). Du Cange (dü konzh'), or Ducange, Sieur (Charles du Fresne or Dufresne). Born at Amiens, France, Dec. 18, 1610: died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A noted French philologist and historian. He published "Glo arium ad script ores med iæ et infimæ latin it at is" (1678), "Glo arium ad script ores med iæ et infimæ græcitatis" (1688), "His to ire de l'empire de Constantinople sous les empereurs français" (1657), "Hist or i a Byzant in a" (1680), etc. Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. Born at The Hague, Nov. 24, 1783: died at Paris, Oct. 15, 1833. A French novelist and dramatist. His works include "Agathe" (1819), "Valentine" (1821: an attack on the Royalists which brought a six months' imprisonment), "Léonide" (1823), "Marc Loricot" (1832), etc. He was several times imprisoned. Ducarel (dü-ka-rel'), André Coltée. Born in Normandy, France, about 1713: died at London, May 29, 1785. An English antiquarian. His chief work is "Anglo-Norman Antiquities" (1754-67). Ducas (döʻkäs), Michael. Lived in the second half of the 15th century. A Byzantine historian. He wrote a history of the Byzantine empire for the period 1341-1462 (first printed at Paris in 1649). Duca e (dü-käs'), Jean Baptiste. Born at Bern about 1640: died in France, July, 1715. A French naval commander. In 1691 he was made governor of the French colony in Santo Domingo. He attacked and laid waste the English settlements in Jamaica in 1694. His own colony was ravaged by the English in 1695, and in 1697 he commanded the land forces in the expedition which sailed from Santo Domingo and took Cart a gena. In Aug., 1702, he fought with the English fleet of Benbow for four days, Benbow finally retiring. He served in Spain during the War of Succe ion, and commanded the naval forces in the attack on Barcelona in 1714. Du Ca e, Pierre Emmanuel Albert, Baron. Born at Bourges, 1813: died at Paris, March 15, 1893. A French soldier and military writer. He was placed on the general staff in 1854, and for a time was adjutant to Prince Jérôme Napoléon. He has published numerous works on military affairs and on French military history. Ducato (dö-kä'tō), Cape. Acape at the south Duchesne, Jean Baptiste Joseph. Born at Gisors, Eure, France, Dec. 8, 1770: died at Gisors, March 25, 1856. A French enamel and miniature painter. Duchesne, Père. See Hébert , Jacques René . Duche , The. The pseudonym of Mrs. Margaret Argles Hunger ford. Duche of Devons hire. 1. A portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds, at Althorp Park, England. The figure is shown in full length, wearing a plumed turban, and about to descend a flight of steps. 2. A noted portrait by Gains borough, stolen from Agnew's galleries, London, in 1876, and recovered in 1901. The duche is represented stand Dudley Diamond, The Lancaster. It is celebrated in the poetry of Words worth. Du Deffand. See Deffand . Duderstadt (döʻder-stät). A small town in the province of Hannover, Pru ia, 14 miles east of Göttingen. Dudevant (düd-von'), Mme. (Armandine Lu- cille Aurore Dupin). See Sand, George. Dudley (dud'li). A town in Worcesters hire, England, 8 miles west-northwest of Birming- ham. Noted for iron manufactures. Near it are the ruins of Dudley Castle. Population (1891), 45,740. Dudley, Arthur. A pseudonym of Madame Blaze de Bury. ing plumed in a hat. garden walk, and wearing a broad-brimmed Dudley, Benjamin Winslow. Born in Spott Duche of Malfi, The. A tragedy by Webster, played about 1612, printed in 1623. There is a dramatic version of the story among Lope de Vega's works, and it forms the subject of one of Bandello's "Novelle." It is Webster's most popular play, the one oftenest read, and the most original. The crime for which the duche is reduced by her family to insanity and death is her secret marriage with her steward whom she loved. This refinement of a noble mind by suffering is the keynote to the Duche of Malfy , and the wretchedne that comes upon her only illuminates and purifies her lovely character.. In Webster's version the Duche is pre sented before us as a woman of supreme rank and high spirit, whose power of mind and heal you r of purpose have kept her uncontaminated by the frivolous conventionality of a court life. She dares to act for herself; though a sovereign, she does not forget she is a woman, and sees nothing ignoble in the faithful love of a subject. Go e, Seventeenth Century Studies, p. 55. Bosola .. I'll describe her [the Duche ). She's sad, as one long us'd to't, and she seems Rather to welcome the end of misery, Than shun it; a behaviour so noble, As gives a majesty to adversity: You may discern the shape of loveline More perfect in her tears than in her smiles: She will muse for hours together; and her silence, Methinks, expre eth more than if she spake. Webster, Duche of Malfi. Ducis (dü-sē'), Jean François. Born at Versailles, France, Aug. 22, 1733: died at Versailles, March 31, 1816. A French dramatic poet, best known as an adapter of "Hamlet" and others of Shakspere's plays to the French stage. His best original work is "Abufar" (1795). Duck worth (duk'werth), Sir John Thomas. Born at Leatherhead, Surrey, England, Feb. 28, 1748: died at Devonport, England, Aug. 31, 1817. An English admiral. He commanded a ve el under Lord Howe in the action with the French off Ushant, June 1, 1794; was appointed rear-admiral of the white in 1799; was made commander-in-chief at Jamaica in 1804; directed the operations which led to the surrender of the French under Rochambeau in Santo Do min go; was promoted vice-admiral in 1804; defeated a French squadron off Santo Domingo Feb. 6, 1806; was promoted admiral in 1810; was created a baronet in 1813; and was commander-in-chief at Newfoundland 1810-13. Duclos (dü-klō'), Charles Pinot. Born at Greece. Duccio di Buoninsegna (dö'chō de bwōn-ensen'yä). A Sienese painter. He is first heard of in 1282, and was then a master in Siena. His famous altar piece in the cathedral of Siena was begun in 1308, and on its completion was conveyed, like the Rucellai Madonna of Cimabue, from the workshop to the church in solemn proce ion to the sound of bell and drum. He adheres to the Byzantine types and motives, but enriches them by more pleasing proportions and better executed hands and feet. Du Chaillu (dü chä-yü'), Paul Belloni. Born at Paris, July 31, 1835: died at St. Petersburg, April 30, 1903. An African explorer, son of a French trader of Gabun, West Africa. In 1851, when quite young, he made some exploratory tours around his father's trading factory, and became acquainted with the customs of the Mpongwe. In 1855 he came to America, which he made his home. Under the auspices of the Acad emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, he undertook a botanic and zoölogic exploration of the Ogowe basin. This he continued succe fully for four years. His accounts of the gorillas and Obongo dwarfs were contradicted by Gray and Barth, but later explorations have confirmed them. In 1861 he published his "Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa." In 1863 he started on a second exploration; he visited the Ngunye Falls and Ashango-land, and returned in 1865. His principal works are "A Journey to Ashango-land" (1867), "My Apingi Kingdom" (1870), "The Country of the Dwarfs" (1872), "The Land of the Midnight Sun" (1881). This last book was the result of a several years' stay in Sweden and Lapland. Du Châtelet (dü chät-lā'), Marquise (Gabrielle Emilie le Tonnelier de Breteuil). Born at Paris, Dec. 17, 1706: died at Lunéville, France, Aug. 10, 1749. A French author and scholar, mistre of Voltaire. Duchesne (dü-shan'), André. Born at Île-Bouchard, Touraine, France, 1584: died May 30, 1640. A noted French historian. He published numerous works, among them "Historie Francorum script ores"(1636-49), "Historiæ Norman no rum script ores antiqui" (1619), etc. at Paris, March 26, 1772. A noted French his tori an and man of letters. His earliest works were romances, among them "Confe ions du Comte de (1742). He also published "Considérations sur les mœurs de ce siècle" (1749), “Mémoires secrets des règnes de Louis XIV. et de Louis XV." (1791), etc. As secretary of the Academy he supervised the publication of its celebrated dictionary. Ducornet (dü-kor-nā'), Louis César Joseph. Born at Lille, France, Jan. 10, 1806: died at Paris, April 27, 1856. A French historical and portrait painter, a pupil of Gérard. He was born without arms. Du Croisy (dü krwä-se'). The lover in Molière's "Les précieuses ridicules." He and La Grange, his friend, send their valets, disguised as le Marquis de Mascarille and le Vicomte de Jodelet, to make love to "les précieuses" and teach them that fine phrases do not make a gentleman. Ducrot (dü-krō'), Auguste Alexandre. Born at Nevers, France, Feb. 24, 1817: died at Versailles, France, Aug. 16, 1882. A French general. He received command of the 1st division of the 1st army corps under MacMahon at the beginning of the Franco-German war (1870), and served at the battle of Wörth, and at Sedan where he was taken prisoner. He went to Pont-à-Mou on on parole, but fled to Paris where he took command of the second army. He made unsucce ful sorties Sept. 19, Oct. 21, and Nov. 30-Dec. 4, 1870, and Jan. 19, 1871 (battle of Mont Valérien). He was given command of the 8th army corps by Thiers in Sept., 1872 . Ducrotay de Blainville (dü-kro-tā de blanvel'), Henri Marie. Born at Arques, near Dieppe, France, Sept. 12, 1778: died near Paris, May 1, 1850. A French naturalist. He published "Faune française" (1821-30), "De l'organ is a tion des animaux" (1822), "Osteographie" (1839-49), etc. Duddon (dud'on). A small river on the border of Cumber land and Lancashire, England, flowing into the Irish Sea 20 miles northwest of sylvan i a County, Va., April 12, 1785: died at Lexington, Ky., Jan. 20, 1870. An American surgeon, especially noted as a lithotomist. Dudley, Charles Edward. Born at Johnson Hall, Staff ords hire, England, May 23, 1780: died at Albany, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1841. An American politician, United States senator from New York 1829-33. Dudley Observatory (Albany) was founded by his widow. Dudley, Sir Edmund. Born about 1462: executed at London, Aug. 18, 1510. An English politician. He was educated at Oxford and at Gray's Inn, is said to have been made a privy councilor at twenty-three, and was chosen speaker of the House of Commons in 1504. He was employed as a fiscal agent by Henry VII., and incurred popular odium by the rigor with which he enforced the extortionate claims of the crown. On the death of Henry VII. in 1509, he was beheaded on the charge of treason, in company with Sir Richard Empson, another of Henry VII.'s fiscal agents. Dudley, Lord Guild ford. Executed at London, Feb. 12, 1554. Son of the Duke of North umber land. He married Lady Jane Grey May 21, 1553. He was implicated in his father's ill-starred attempt to place Lady Jane on the throne on the death of Edward VI. (July 6, 1553), and was executed on the charge of treason. Dudley, John, Duke of North umber land and Earl of Warwick. Born 1502: beheaded Aug. 22, 1553. An English politician and soldier, son of Sir Edmund Dudley. He was made warden of the Scottish marches and great admiral by Henry VIII. in 1542, and was created earl of Warwick and high chamberlain of England on the acce ion of Edward VI. in 1547. In 1549 he overthrew the protector Somerset, and a umed the chief control of the government. He was created duke of North umber land in 1551. With the object in view of transferring the crown from the Tudors to own family, he persuaded Edward VI. to grant letters patent excluding Edward's sisters, Mary and Elizabeth, from the succe ion and appointing Edward's cousin, Lady Jane Grey, heir presumptive to the crown, whereupon he married Lady Jane to his son, Guild ford Dudley. At the death of Edward, he found himself unable to prevent the acce ion of Mary, and was executed for treason. Dudley, Joseph. Born at Roxbury, Ma ., 1647: died at Roxbury, April 2, 1720. An American politician. He took part in the battle with the Narragansetts in 1675; was one of the commi ioners for the united colonies of New England 1677-81; was appointed president of New England in 1686; was appointed chief justice of the Supreme Court in 1687; was chief justice of New York 1690-93; and was governor of Ma achusetts 1702-15. Dudley, Paul. Born Sept. 3, 1675: died at Roxbury, Ma ., Jan. 21, 1751. An American jurist, son of Joseph Dudley. He graduated at Harvard in 1690, and studied law at the Temple in London. He was made chief justice of Ma achusetts in 1745. He is known chiefly as the founder of the Dudleian Lecture at Harvard College, for the erection of which he bequeathed £100. Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester. Born June 24, 1532 or 1533: died at Cornbury, Oxfords hire, England, Sept. 4, 1588. An English courtier, politician, and general, son of John Dudley, duke of North umber land. He participated in the attempt of his father and brother to place Lady Jane Grey on the throne at the death of Edward VI. in 1553, and was in consequence sentenced to death on the charge of treason in 1554, but was pardoned later in the same year. On the acce ion in 1558 of Elizabeth, whose affections he had gained during the ascendancy of his father at the court of Edward VI., he became her chief favorite, and intrigued, though unsucce fully, to obtain the consent of the great nobles to a marriage, in the interest of which project he was said to have procured the murder of his wife Lady Amy (1560). He was created earl of Leicester in 1564, and in 1575 entertained Queen Elizabeth with great magnificence at Kenilworth. In 1585 he was appointed to the command of the English ariny sent to the aid of the States-General against the Spaniards, but was recalled in 1587, owing to incompetence. He was, however, restored to favor on his return, and in 1588 was ap pointed lieutenant and captain general of the queen's Dudley, Thomas. Born at North amp ton, England, 1576: died at Roxbury, Ma ., July 31, 1652. A colonial politician. He came to Ma achusetts as deputy governor in 1630: governor 1634-35, 1640-41, 1645-46, 1650–51. Dudley Diamond, The. A diamond found in Africa in 1868, and bought from Nie Kirk, the and companies to resist the Spanish Armada. IMG:content-0440.png:[blocks in formation] Dufaure (dü-for'), Jules Armand Stan is las. Born at Sau Saujon, Charente-Inférieure, France, Dec. 4, 1798: died at Paris, ris, June 28, 1881. A French statesman. He was minister of the interior IMG:content-0441.png:[blocks in formation] Landes, France, 1782: died at St.-Sever, April 18, 1865. A French entomologist. Dufour Spitze (dü-för' spit'se). The highest peak of Monte Rosa (which see). Dufoy (du-foi'). An impertinent French ser- vant in Etherege's comedy "The Comical Re- venge, or Love in a Tub.” the comical revenge, being fastened in a wooden tub with holes for the head and arms by some women, as a pun- ishment for his boasting and railing against their sex. Dujardin (dü-zhär-dan'), Félix. Born at Tours, France, April 5, 1801: died at Rennes, France, April 8, 1860. A French naturalist, profe or at Rennes from 1839. He is best known from his investigations on the Infusoria . Dujardin, Karel. Born at Amsterdam about 1625: died at Venice, Nov. 20, 1678. A Dutch painter. Dukas. See Ducas. Dufrénoy (dü-fra-nwä'), Pierre Armand. Born at Sevran, Seine-et-Oise, France, Sept. 5, Duke Humphrey's Walk. See Humphrey . 1792: died at Paris, March 20, 1857. A noted Duke of Exeter's Daughter, The. The rack, French mineralogist and geologist. He was the collaborator of Élie de Beaumont in the preparation of a general geological map of France (published 1841), and Du Fresne. See Du Cange . Dufresnoy (dü-fra-nwä'), Charles Alphonse. Born at Paris, 1611: died at Villiers-le-Bel, author of a Latin poem "De arte graphic a" (1668). Dufresny (dü-fra-ne'), Charles Rivière. Born Duke's Mistre , The. A play by Shirley, at Paris, 1654: died there, Oct. 6,1724. A French dramatist, a descendant of "La Belle Jardi- nière," a mistre of Henry IV. He wrote a number of comedies, in some of which Regnard collaborated. Dugdale (dug'dal), Sir William. Born at Shu- stoke, War wicks hire, England, Sept. 12, 1605: died at Shustoke, Feb. 10, 1686. A noted Eng- lish antiquary. He wrote "Monastic on Anglicanum" (1655-73), "Antiquities of War wicks hire" (1656), “Baronage (1658), etc. of England" (1675-76), "History of St. Paul's Cathedral" Duguay-Trouin (dü-ga-trö-an'), René. Born at St.-Malo, France, June 10, 1673: died at Paris, Sept. 27, 1736. A French naval officer and general. From 1691 to 1697 he commanded a pri- vateer, and in the latter year entered the French navy. Among his noted deeds were the capture of an English convoy in 1707, and the capture and sack of Rio de Janeiro, Sept., 1711. He subsequently served with the army, at- taining the rank of lieutenant-general. Du Guesclin, or Duguesclin (dü-ga-klan'), Bertrand. Born near Rennes, Britt any, Duke's Motto, The. An adaptation of Paul Féval's play "Le bo u," by John Brougham, produced in 1863. Fechter played the duke; Brougham, Carrick fer gus. Duke's Theatre. A London theater which was built in 1660. It was destroyed in 1666 in the great fire, and rebuilt in 1671 by Sir Christopher Wren. It stood until 1720, and was on the site of the Salisbury Court Theatre. Dukinfield, or Duck in field (duk'in-feld). A town in Cheshire, England, on the Tame 7 miles east of Manchester. It has important cotton manufactures. Population (1891), 17,408. Dulaure (dü-lor'), Jacques Antoine. Born at Clermont-Ferrand, France, Sept. 3, 1755: died at Paris, Aug. 19, 1835. A French archæolo- gist and historical writer, a member of the National Convention. He published "His to ire civile, physique et morale de Paris" (1821-22), etc. Dulcamara (döl-kä-mä'rä), Doctor. A char- Randon, Langue doc, July 13, 1380. A French commander, distinguished in the campaigns against the English and Pedro the Cruel. He gained the battle of Cocherel, May, 1364, and lost that of Auray, Sept., 1364. He was made comte de Longueville and marshal of Normandy in 1364, and constable of France in Du Halde (dü äld), Jean Baptiste. Born at Paris, Feb. 1, 1674: died at Paris, Aug. 18, 1743. A French Jesuit and geographer. He published "Description géographique, etc., de la Chine et de la Tar- tarie chinoise" (1735), etc. Duhamel (dü-ä-mel'), Jean Marie Constant. Born at St.-Malo, France, Feb. 5, 1797: died at Paris, April 29, 1872. A French mathema- tician, author of "Cours d'analyse" (1840-41), "Cours de mécanique" écanique" (1845), (1845), "Des “ méthodes dans les sciences du raisonne ment" (1866-72). Duhamel du Monceau (dü-ä-mel' dü môn-sō ́), (10-6) Henri Louis. Born at Paris, 1700: died at Paris, Aug. 12, 1781. A noted French author- ity on botany and agriculture. He wrote "De la physique des arbres" (175) (1758), etc. Duffy (duf'i), Sir Charles Gavan. Born at Monaghan, Ireland, April 12, 1816: died at Nice, Feb. 9,1903. An Irish journalist and politician. He aided in 1842 in founding the "Nation," an organ of the Young Ireland party, and was a member of Parliament 1852-56, when he emigrated to Australia. He was prime minister of Victoria 1871-72. He published "Guide to the Land Law of Victoria" (2d ed. 1862), "Young Ireland: a Fragment of Irish History, 1840-50" (1880), "Four Years of Irish History, 1845-49" (1883), etc. Henry C. Carey. He has published "Kritische Geschichte der Nationalökonomie und des So- zialismus" (1871), etc. Duhshasana (döh-shä'sa-na). [Skt., 'hard to rule.'] One of the hundred sons of Dhrita- rashtra. When the Pandavas lost their wife Draupadi in gambling with Duryodhana, Duhshasana dragged her by the hair and otherwise ill-used her for this Bhima vowed he would drink his blood, a vow performed on the six- teenth day of the great battle. Duida (dwe'dä). A precipitous mountain in southern Venezuela, situated near the Orinoco about lat. 3° 20′ N., long. 66° 15′ W. Height, about 8,500 feet. Duilius (dū-il'i-us), Caius. Lived in the 3d century B. C. A Roman general, consul in 260 B. c. He defeated the Cart hag in i ans near Mylæ in 260. This was the first naval succe gained by Rome. Duisburg (dö'is-börg). A city in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, near the Rhine 15 miles north of Dü eldorf: the Roman Castrum. It is the center of an important coal trade, and has manufac- tures. Population (1890), 24,779; commune, 59,285. IMG:content-0442.png:[blocks in formation] writer of vaudevilles. Dumarsais (dü-mär-sā'), César Chesnau. Born at Marseilles, France, July 17, 1676: died at Paris, June 11, 1756. A French grammarian and writer on philosophy, author of "Traité des tropes," etc. Dumas (dö-mä'; F. pron. dü-mä'), Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie, known as Alexandre Dumas père. Born at Villers-Cotterets, Aisne, France, July 24, 1802: died at Puys, near Dieppe, Dec. 5, 1870. A noted French dramatic author and novelist. His father, General Alexandre de la Pailleterie Dumas, was the natural son of the Marquis Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie, a rich colonist of Santo Domingo, and of a negre whose name was Dumas. He came to Paris in 1823, and obtained a clerkship through the a istance of General Foy. One of his first e ays was an "Elégie sur la mort du Général Foy" (1825). As his name attracted attention, it was often attached to books with which he himself had had either very little or nothing to do. Both indepen dently and in collaboration with others, Dumas for the stage many plays which are collected in the "Théâtre" (6 volumes, 1834-36; 15 volumes, 1863-74). He took an active part in the revolution of 1830. After the insurrection of June, 1832, he traveled, and published a number of books as the result of his journeys. He published three col lections of stories Nouvelles contempo raine d'arles "Souvenirs d'Antony" (1835), and "La salle (1838). His novels were composed either independently or in collaboration with others, and include "Le capi taine Paul" (1838), 'Acté" (1839), "Aventures de John Davy" (1840), "Le capitaine Pamphile" (1840), "Maître Adam le Calabrais" (1840), "Othon l'archer" (1840), "Praxède" (1841), "Aventures de Lyderic" (1842), "Georges" (1843), "Ascanio" (1843), "Le chevalier d'Harmental" (1843), "Fernande" (1844), "Amaury" (1844), "Gabriel Lambert" (1844), "Le château d'Eppstein (1844), "Cécile" (1844), "Les trois mousquetaires" (1844: with its sequels, "Vingt ans après" (1845) and "Dix ans plus tard ou le vicomte de Bragelonne" (1848-50)), "Le comte de Monte-Cristo" (1844-45), "Les frères corses" (1845), "Une fille du régent" (1845), "La reine Margot" (1845), "La guerre des femmes" (1845-46), "Le chevalier de Maison-Rouge" (1846), "La dame de Monsoreau" (1846) and its sequel "Les quarante-cinq” (1848), "Le bâtard de Mauléon" (1846), "Mémoire d'un médec in (18461848: with its sequels "Ange Pitou" (1853) and "La comte e de Charny" (1853–55)), "Les mille et un fantômes" (1849), "La femme au collier de velours" (1851), "Olympe de Clèves" (1852), "Un Gil Blas en Calif or nie" "Isaac Laquedem" (1852), "Le pasteur d'Ashbourn" (1853), "El salteador" (1853), "Conscience l'innocent" (1853), "Catherine Blum" (1854), "Ingénue” (1854), "Les Mohicans de Paris" (1854-58) and its sequel "Salvator" (1855-59), "Les compagnons de Jéhu" (1857), "Les louves de Machecoul" (1859), "Madame de Chamblay" (1863), "La San Felice" (1864-65), and "Les Blancs et les Bleus" (1867-68). He published also a number of works embodying personal reminiscences of himself and of his friends, and various historical studies. Dumas, Alexandre, known as Alexandre Dumas fils. Born at Paris, July 27, 1824: died Nov. 27,1895. A French dramatic author and novelist, son of Alexandre Dumas. His first poems, published in "La Chronique" (1842), appeared later as "Péchés de jeune e" (1847). Two other collections of his youthful writings were given out at a later date, viz., "Thérèse" (1875) and "Entr'actes" (1878-79). Among his novels are "Aventures de quatre femmes et d'un per roquet" (1847), "Césarine" (1848), "La dame aux ux camélias" (1848), "Le docteur Servan" (1849), "An to nine" (1849), "Tristan le Roux" (1849), "Henri de Navarre" (1850), "Trois hommes forts" (1850), "Les deux Frondes" (1851), "Diane de Lys" (1851), "Le régent Mustel" (1852), "Contes et nouvelles" (1853), "Un cas de rupture" (1854), "La dame aux perles" (1854), "L'Affaire Clémenceau, mémoire de l'acc usé" (1866), etc. His writings for the stage have been gathered together in an edition of six volumes (1868-79), and reëdited in 18821886. They include "La dame aux camélias" (1852), "Diane IMG:content-0443.png:[ocr errors] the Directory, and was called by Napoleon "the Horatius Cocles of the Tyrol." He commanded the French cavalry in the Egyptian expedition. Dumas, Jean Baptiste André. Born at Alais, Gard, France, July 14, 1800: died at Cannes, France, April 11, 1884. A distinguished French chemist and physiologist, profe or of organic chemistry in the École de Médecine, Paris (1834). He published "Traité de chimie appliqué aux arts" (1828-45), and various other works. Dumas, Comte Matthieu. Born at Montpellier, France, Dec. 23, 1753: died at Paris, Oct. 16, 1837. A French general and historian, He wrote "Précis des événements mil it a ires" (1816-26), etc. 18-20 Du Maurier (dü mō-rya'), George Louis Palmella Bu on. Born at Paris, March 6, 1834: died at London, Oct. 8, 1896. An English artist. He was educated in Paris, and came to England at the age of 17, studying later at Paris with Gleyre. He was noted for his illustrations in "Punch" and other periodicals. He wrote and illustrated "Peter Ibbetsen" (1892), "Trilby" (1894), and "The Martian" (1897). Dumb art on (dum-bär'ton). 1. A county of Scotland, bounded by Perth shire on the north, Stirling and Lanark on the east, the Clyde on the south, and Argyll and Loch Long on the west. Area, 241 square miles. Population (1891), 98,014.-2. A seaport and the capital of Dumb art on, situated at the junction of the Leven and Clyde, 13 miles northwest of Glasgow. Its most important industry is the building of iron steamers. It contains a celebrated castle. Population (1891), 17,626. Dumb art on Castle. A celebrated fortre overhanging the river Clyde in Scotland. It has been called the Gibraltar of Scotland. Dumb i dikes (dum-bi-dīks'). An awkward Scottish laird in Scott's novel "The Heart of Mid-Lothian." He wants to marry Jeanie Deans, but on being refused promptly marries another. Dumb Ox, The. A nickname of Thomas Aqui nas in early life. Dumdum (dum'dum). A town and military station 4 miles northeast of Calcutta, British India. Duméril (dü-mā-rēl'), André Marie Constant. Born at Amiens, France, Jan. 1, 1774: died at Paris, Aug. 2, 1860. A French physician and zoölogist. He published "Erpetologie géné rale" (1835-51), etc. Duméril, Auguste Henri André. Born at Paris, Nov. 30, 1812: died at Paris, Nov. 12, 1870. A French naturalist, son of André Marie Constant Duméril. He wrote "His to ire natu relle des poi ons" (1865-70), etc. Dumfries (dum-frēs'). The capital of Dumfrie hire, Scotland, situated on the Nith in lat. 55° 5′ N., long. 3° 36′ W. It was the place of Burns's death. It has manufactures of tweeds, hosiery, etc., and a Duncansby Head des a emblées legislatives" (1815), "Preuves judiciaires" (1823), "De l'organisation judiciaire," etc. (1828). Dumont d'Urville (dür-vēl ́), Jules Sébastien César. Born at Condé-sur-Noireau, Calvados, France, May 23, 1790: killed near Paris, May 8, 1842. A French navigator and rear-admiral. He took part 1819-20 in an expedition to the Grecian archipelago and the Black Sea, and circumnavigated the globe as commander of two expeditions ("Astrolabe," 1826-29, and "Zelée," 1837-40). He wrote narratives of his voyages. Dumouriez (dü-mö-ryā'), Charles François. Born at Cambrai, France, Jan. 25, 1739: died at Turville Park, near Henley-on-Thames, England, March 14, 1823. A celebrated French general. He served in the Seven Years' War; obtained the rank of captain in 1763; served as quartermaster-general in the expedition against Corsica in 1768; was sent by Choiseul to Poland on a secret mi ion in 1770; and was promoted major-general in 1788. At the beginning of the French Revolution he pronounced in favor of political reform without abandoning his loyalty to the court, and in 1792 held for a short period each the ministries of foreign affairs and of war. He was subsequently appointed to the command of the north as lieutenant-general under Marshal Luckner, and in conjunction with Kellermann inflicted a decisive defeat on the troops of the coalition at Valmy Sept. 20, 1792. He conducted an expedition against the Austrian Netherlands 1792-93, in the course of which he gained a victory over the Austrians at Jemmapes Nov. 6, 1792, but was signally defeated at Neerwinden March 18, 1793. Estranged from the republican party by the execution of the king, he was recalled by the Convention, when he fled to the Austrian camp, and pa ed the rest of his life in exile. Düna (dü'nä), or Southern Dwina (dvē-nä'): called by by the Ru ians the Western Dwina. [Ru . Dvina , Lettish Daugawa .] 1. A river of Ru ia which rises in the government of Tver, and flows into the Gulf of Riga 5 miles north of Riga. Length, 500-600 miles; navigable only for small ve els.-2. See Dwina . Düna. See Dwina . Duna (dö'no). The Hungarian name of the Danube. Dunbar (dun-bär'). A seaport in Hadding ton- shire, Scotland, near the mouth of the Firth of Forth, 27 miles east of Edinburgh. It has a ruined castle, celebrated in Scottish history. It was besieged by the English in 1337. Queen Mary was abducted thither by Both well in 1567. Population (1891), 3,545. Dunbar, Agnes, Counte of. Born 1312 (?): died in 1369. A Scottish heroine, known as "Black Agnes" from her dark skin. She is noted Dumfries, or Dumfrie hire (dum-frēs's hir). A county of southern Scotland, lying between Lanark, Peebles, and Selkirk on the north, Roxburgh on the northeast, Cumber land on the southeast, Solway Firth and Kirk cud bright on the south, and Ayr and Kirkeudbright on the west. It contains the valleys of Eskdale in the east, Ann andale in the center, and Nithsdale in the west. Its leading occupation is the rearing of live stock. Area, 1,063 Dümichen (dü'me-chen), Johannes. Born at Wei holz, Silesia, Oct. 15, 1833: died at Stras- burg, Feb. 7, 1894. A German Egypt ologist. He was appointed profe or of Egypt ology at Strasburg von Dendera" (1865), "Geo graph is che Inschriften altä- gyptischer Denkmäler" (1866), " "Altägyptische Kalender- inschriften" (1866), "Hist or is che Inschriften aitägyp- Dunblane (dun-blān'). A town in Perth shire, Scotland, situated on the Allan 5 miles north Sr. Majestät des Königs Wilhelm von Preu en 1868 nach Ägypten gesendeten archäologisch-photograph is chen Ex- pedition" (1871), etc. Dummer (dum'mer), Jeremiah. Born at Bos- ton, Ma ., about 1680: died at Plaistow, Eng- land, May 19, 1739. An American scholar. He was agent for Ma achusetts in England 1710-21, and wrote "Defence of the New England Charters" (1728). 1726. A French publicist and historical writer, historiographer to the Emperor. He published "Nouveau voyage au Levant" (1694), "Mémoires pol i. tiques pour servir à la parfaite intelligence de l'his to ire Dumont, Pierre Etienne Louis. Born at Geneva, July 18, 1759: died at Milan, Sept. 30, 1829. A Swi scholar, literary coadjutor of Mirabeau. He was a disciple of Bentham, whose sys- "Théorie des peines et des récompenses" (1811), "Tactique cus. tem he expounded in "Traité de la législation" (1802), Duncan (dung'kan) I. King of Scotland. He succeeded to the throne about 1034, and was a a inated by Macbeth, near Elgin, in 1040 or 1039. He ap. pears in Shakspere's "Macbeth." Duncan, Adam, first Viscount Camper down. Born at Dundee, Scotland, July 1, 1731: died in Scotland, Aug. 4, 1804. A British admiral. He gained the victory of Camper down over the Dutch fleet, Oct. 11, 1797. Duncan, John. Born at Gilcomston, near Aberdeen, Scotland, 1796: died at Edinburgh, Feb. 26, 1870. A Scottish Hebraist and clergyman of the Presbyterian Church. Duncan, Thomas. Born at Kinclaven, Perth shire, Scotland, May 24, 1807: died at Edinburgh, May 25, 1845. A Scottish historical and portrait painter. Among his best-known works are "Charles Edward Asleep," "Charles Edward and the Highlanders entering Edinburgh." Duncansby Head (dung'kanz-bi hed). The northeastern extremity of Scotland, near John o' Groat's House. Dunciad, The Dunciad (dun'si-ad), The. A satirical poem by Alexander Pope (1728-41), directed against various contemporary writers. The godde of dullne elects Theobald poet laureate of that realm. Owing to a quarrel between Cibber and Pope, the latter substituted Čibber for Theobald in the fourth part, published in 1741. The bestowal of the laureateship on Cibber may have added to Pope's venom. Duncker (döng'ker), Karl. Born at Berlin, March 25, 1781: died at Berlin, July 15, 1869. A German publisher in Berlin. Duncker, Max Wolfgang. Born at Berlin, Oct. 15, 1811: died at Ansbach, July 21, 1886. A German historian, son of Karl Duncker. He was profe or at Halle 1842-57, and at Tübingen 1857-59. In the latter year he entered the service of the government. His works include "Origines Germanicæ" (1840), etc. "Geschichte des Alter tums" (1852-57: 5th ed. 1878-83), Dundalk (dun-dak'). A seaport in County Louth, Ireland, situated on the river Castle town, near its mouth, in lat. 54° N., long. 6° 24' W. Population (1891), 12,449. Sir John de Berming ham, the victor of At henry, pushing northward at the head of 15,000 chosen troops, met the younger Bruce at Dundalk. The combat was hot, short, and decisive. The Scots were defeated, Edward Bruce himself killed, and his head struck off and sent to London. Lawle , Story of Ireland, p. 110. Dundas (dun-das'). A town in Went worth County, Ontario, Canada, situated on Burlington Bay at the western extremity of Lake Ontario. Population (1901) 3,173. Dundas, Henry, first Viscount Melville. Born at Edinburgh, April 28, 1742: died May 28, 1811. A British statesman. He was lord advocate of Scotland 1775-83. He was an intimate friend and trusted lieutenant of Pitt, during whose first administration he 1801). In 1802 he was raised to the peerage as Viscount Melville by Adding ton; and in 1804, on the acce ion of Pitt's second ministry, was appointed first lord of the admiralty. He was impeached in 1806 on the charge of appropriating public money, but was acquitted by the House of Lords. During the impeachment he resigned his position in the cabinet. Dundas Islands (dun-das' i'landz). A group of islets off the eastern coast of Africa, about lat. 1o S. Dundas Strait (dun-das' strāt). A strait which separates Melville Island from Coburg Peninsula in northern Australia. Dundee (dun-dē'). A seaport in For far shire, Scotland, on the Firth of Tay in lat. 56° 27′ Ν., long. 2° 58′ W.: the third city in Scotland. It has important commerce and extensive docks, and is the center of the British linen and jute manufacture. It is the seat of a university college. During the Reformation it was called the "Scottish Geneva." It was stormed by the Marquis of Montrose in 1645, and by Monk in 1651. Population (1901), 160,871. Dundee, Viscount. See Graham . Dunder berg. See Donder berg . Dun donald, Earl of. See Cochrane . Dundreary (dun-drēr'i), Lord. An indolent, foolish, and amusing English man in Tom Taylor's comedy "Our American Cousin." To this part originally only 47 lines were given; but E. A. Sothern, to whom it was a igned, introduced various extravagances to suit himself. He became famous in it, and the whole play hinged on it. Dundrennan (dun-dren'an) Abbey. An ancient monastery near Kirk cud bright in Scotland. It was built in 1140, and is now in ruins. Dundrum Bay (dun'drum bā). A bay of the Irish Sea, on the coast of the County Down, Ireland. Dunedin (dun-e'din). [See Edinburgh .] A poetical name of Edinburgh. Dunedin. A seaport of the South Island, New Zealand, on Otago Harbor in lat. 45° 52′ S.. long. 170° 33′ E.: the chief commercial city of New Zealand. It was founded in 1848. Gold was discovered in its neighborhood in 1861. Population (1896), 22,815; with suburbs, 47,280. Dunes (dūnz), Battle of the. A victory gained by the allied French and English under Turenne over the Spaniards, on the sands (dunes) near Dunkirk, June 4 (O. S.), 1658. Dun ferm line (dun-ferm'lin). A town in Fife Dungi (dun-ge'). A Babylonian king of about the 27th century B. C. His capital was in Ur. Many temples are extant undertaken by him and his father and predece or Urgur, who called themselves "Kings of Ur, Kings of Shumir (Shinar) and Akkad (Accad)." Dunglison (dung'gli-son), Robley. Born at Keswick, England, Jan. 4, 1798: died at Philadelphia, April 1, 1869. An American physician and medical writer, author of "Dictionary of Medical Science and Literature” (1833). Dunkeld (dun-keld'). A town in Perth shire, Scotland, situated on the Tay 13 miles north northwest of Perth. It was a seat of the Culdees 8th-12th century. The cathedral, built in the 14th and 15th centuries, is roofle except the choir, which has lately been restored and serves as the parish church. There is a square western tower, with turrets. Dunkirk (dun'kėrk). [ F.Dunker que , G. Dünkir chen, church on the dunes.] A seaport in the department of Nord, France, situated on the Strait of Dover in lat. 51° 2′ N., long. 2° 22′ E. It is an important fortre , and has an extensive trade. It was founded near the Church of St. Eloi, by Baldwin, count of Flanders, in 960; was burned by the English in 1388; belonged succe ively to Flanders, Burgundy, and Spain; was captured from the Spaniards by the English in 1540; was conquered by the French in 1558 and restored to Spain; was besieged and taken by Condé in 1646; and was retaken by the Spaniards in 1652. In consequence of the battle of Dunkirk or the Dunes, it was ceded to England in 1658. It was sold by Charles II. to France in 1662, and was unsucce fully besieged by the Duke of York in 1793. Population (1891), 39,498. Dunkirk. A city and lake port in Chautauqua County, New York, situated on Lake Erie 35 miles southwest of Buffalo. It is the terminus of a division of the Erie Railway. Population (1900), 11,616. Dunlap (dun'lap), William. Born at Perth Amboy, N. J., Feb. 19, 1766: died Sept. 28, 1839. An American painter and author. He published a "History of the American Theatre" (1832), "Arts of Design in the United States" (1834), etc. Dun-le-Roi (dun'lė-rwä'), or Dun-sur-Auron (dun'sür-o-ron'). A town in the department of Cher, France, situated on the Auron 17 miles southeast of Bourges. It has manufactures and coal-mines. Population (1891), commune, 4,123. Dunloe Cave. See Gap of Dunloe . Dunmail Raise (dun-mal' raz). A pa in the Lake District of England, situated on the borders of West more land and Cumber land, on the route between Amble side and Keswick. Ele vation, 780 feet. Dunmore (dun-mōr'). A borough in Lack a wanna County, Pennsylvania, 2miles east-northeast of Scranton. Population (1900), 12,583. Dunmow (dun'mou), Great. A town in E ex, England, situated on the Chelmer 31 miles northeast of London: famous in connection with the Dunmow flitch of bacon (which see). Dunmow Flitch, The. A flitch of bacon awarded to any married pair who could take oath at the end of the first year of their married life that there had not only been no jar or quarrel, but that neither had ever wished the knot untied. The custom was originated in Great Dunmow, England, by Robert Fitzwalter, in 1244. The flitch of bacon has been claimed as late as 1876. Dunning (dun'ing), John, Baron Ash burton. Born 1731: died 1783. An English lawyer and politician, chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster in 1782. Dunnottar Castle (dun-not'tär kås'l). A ruined castle in Kin car dines hire, Scotland, situated near the North Sea 14 miles south of Stone haven. It was captured by Wallace about 1297. Dunois (dü-nwä'), Jean, Comte de Dunois: surnamed "The Bastard of Orléans." Born at Paris, Nov. 23, 1402: died at St. Germain-enLaye, near Paris, Nov. 24, 1468. A natural son of Louis, duke of Orléans, and Mariette d'Enghien, celebrated for his military prowe and his gallantries. He defended Orléans 1428-29, conquered Normandy and Guienne from the English, and joined the "League of the Public Good" (1465). He is introduced in Scott's "Quentin Durward.". burgh. It has a noted abbey and was formerly a royal residence. Here Charles II. signed the Covenant in 1650. Population (1891), 19,647. Dun ferm line, Baron. See Abercromby . Dung an non (dun-gan'on). A town in County Tyrone, Ireland, 35 miles west-southwest of Belfast. It was the ancient seat of the O'Neills. Dungarvan (dun-gär van). A town in County Water ford, Ireland, 38 miles northeast of Cork. Population (1891), 5,263. Dungene (dunj-nes'). A headland at the southern extremity of Kent, England, southeast of Rye. shire, Scotland, situated on the Firth of Clyde 9 miles west of Greenock. Population (1891), 5,285. Dunrobin Castle (dun-robʻin kåsʻl). The seat of the Duke of Sutherland, near Golspie, Scotland. The building is modern, but incorporates remains of an 11th-century stronghold. Duns, or Dunse (duns). A burgh in Berwickshire, Scotland, 13 miles west of Berwick. Population (1891), 2,198. Dunsinane (dun-si-nan'), or Dunsinnan (duns in'an). One of the Sidlaw Hills in Perth shire, Scotland, 9 miles northeast of Perth. Height, Dupetit-Thouars, Abel Aubert 1,012 feet. Here, 1054, Siward, earl of North umber land, defeated Macbeth. Duns Scotus (dunzskōʻtus), Joannes, surnamed Doctor Subtil is. Born at Dunse, Scotland, about 1265 (?): died at Cologne, Nov. 8, 1308 (?). A famous scholastic. He was the founder of the scholastic system called Scotism, which long contended for supremacy among the schoolmen with the system called Thomism, founded by Thomas A quinas. Nothing is known with certainty concerning his personal history. According to the commonly accepted tradition, he was born at Duns or Dunse, Berwickshire, Scotland, about 1265; was a fellow of Merton College, Oxford; became a Francis can friar; was chosen profe or of theology at Oxford in 1301; removed in 1304 to Paris, where, in a disputation on the immaculate conception of the Virgin Mary he displayed so much ingenuity and resource as to win the title of Doctor Subtil is, and where he rose to the position of regent of the university; and died at Cologne, Germany, Nov. 8, 1308, while on a mi ion in the interest of his order. His name, Duns , Dunse, Dunce, came to be used as a common appellative, 'a very learned man,' and, being applied satirically to ignorant and stupid persons, gave rise to dunce in its present sense. Duns table (dun's ta-bl). A town in Bedford shire, England, 33 miles northwest of London. It is noted for manufactures of straw-plait hats and bonnets. Population (1891), 4,513. Dunstan (dun's tan), Saint. Born near Glastonbury, England, 924 or 925: died at Canterbury, England, May 19, 988. Archbishop of Canterbury. He was the son of He or stan, a West-Saxon noble, and was brought up at the abbey of Glastonbury and at the court of Æthelstan, by whom he was appointed abbot of Glastonbury not later than 945. He became the chief adviser of Eadred (reigned 946-955), but was banished by Eadred's succe or, the young king Eadwig, whose ill will he incurred by refusing to consent to a marriage between him and Ælfgifu: and by rudely bringing him back to the ban queting-hale whereas of it for society. He recalled by Eadwig's succe or, Eadgar, by whom he was created archbishop of Canterbury in 959 and restored to political power. He retained his influence at court during the reign of Eadward, but appears to have lost it on the acce ion of Æthelred II. in 978. Dunster (dun's ter), Henry. Born in Lancashire, England, about 1612: died at Scituate, Ma ., Feb. 27, 1659. The first president of Harvard College. He was inaugurated in 1640, and resigned in 1654. Dunton (dun'ton), John. Born at Graffham, Hunting dons hire, England, May 4, 1659: died 1733. An English bookseller and author. He wrote "Life and Errors of John Dunton" (1705), "Letters from New England" (published 1867), etc. Düntzer (dünt's er), Johann He in rich Joseph. Born at Cologne, July 12, 1813: died there, Dec. 16, 1901. A German literary historian and philologist, librarian of the public library of the Catholic College of Cologne from 1846. He published numerous critical works on Goethe, "Homer und der epische Cyclus" (1839), etc. Dupain (di-pan'), Edmond Louis. Born at Bordeaux, Jan. 13, 1847. A French historical and genre painter, a pupil of Cabanel and Gué. Dupanloup (dü-pon-lö'), Félix Antoine Philibert. Born at St.-Félix, near Chambéry, France, Jan. 3, 1802: died Oct. 11, 1878. A French prelate. He was made bishop of Orléans in 1849; was elected deputy to the National A embly in 1871; and became a life senator in 1875. Du Parquet, Jacques Diel. See Diel du Par quet . Dupaty (dü-pä-te'), Charles Marguerite Jean Baptiste Mercier. Born at La Rochelle, France, May 9, 1746: died at Paris, Sept. 17, 1788. Á French jurist. He wrote "Réflexions historiques sur les lois criminelles" (1788), etc. Dupe (dup), Lady. An old lady in Dryden's comedy "Sir Martin Mar-all." Duperrey (dü-pe-rā'), Louis Isidor. Born at Paris, Oct. 21, 1786: died Sept. 10, 1865. A French naval officer and scientist. He served as hydrographer in the Uranie, under De Freycinet, who made explorations in the North Pacific 1817-20; and 1822-25 commanded a scientific expedition to Ocean i a and South America. He determined the positions of the magnetic poles and the figure of the magnetic equator. Author of the volumes on hydrography and physical science in "Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du roi sur la corvette La Coquille pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824, et 1825" (1826-30). Duperron (dü-pe-ron'), Jacques Davy. Born at St.-Lô, France, Nov. 15, 1556: died at Paris, Sept. 5, 1618. A French cardinal, instrumental in converting Henry IV. to Catholicism. Dupes, Day of. [F. Journée des Dupes .] name given to Nov. 11, 1630, when the enemies of Richelieu were foiled in their intrigues against him with the king. Dupetit-Thouars (düp-te'tö-är'), Abel Aubert. Born at Saumur, France, Aug. 3, 1793: died at Paris, March 17, 1864. A French rear admiral. He circumnavigated the globe 1837-39, and extended a French protectorate over Tahiti and the Marques as Islands in 1842, and over the entire Society group in 1843. Duplin (dup'lin), or Dupplin. A moor in Perth shire, Scotland, 7 miles southwest of Perth. Here, 1332, Edward Baliol defeated the Scottish Royalists under the Earl of Mar. Duponceau (dū-pon'sō; F. pron. dü-pôn-sō'), Peter Stephen. Born at Ile-de-Ré, France, June 3, 1760: died at Philadelphia, April 1, 1844. A French-American lawyer and philolo- gist. He published "Memoir on the Indian Languages of North America" (1835), etc. poet of the first rank, but unfortunately wasted his talent in Bohemian dawdling and disorder. His songs were the delight of the young generation of 1848, and two of them, "Le Chant des Ouvriers" and "Les Bœufs," are still most remarkable compositions. Saints bury , French Lit., p. 548. Dupont (dū-pont'), Samuel Francis. Born at Bergen Point, N. J., Sept. 27, 1803: died at Philadelphia, June 23, 1865. An American ad- Rambouillet, France, July 8, 1535. A French cardinal and politician. He became chancel- lor and prime minister in 1515. Duprat, Pascal Pierre. Born at Hagetmau, Landes, France, March 24, 1815: died Aug. 17, 1885. A French politician and journalist. He took part in the February revolution in 1848; founded, with Lamennais, "Le peuple constituant"; opposed the coup d'état in 1851, and was arrested and obliged to leave France; edited various journals; was a member of the National A embly in 1871, and, later, of the Chamber of Deputies; and was sent as amba ador to Chile in 1883, and died on the return journey.' Duprato (dü-prä-to'), Jules. Born at Nîmes in 1827: died at Paris, May 19, 1892. A French composer. He gained the Roman prize in 1848, and be- came profe or of harmony at the Conservatoire in 1866. Among his operas are "Les trovatelles" (1854), "Pa- querettes" (1856), “Salvator Rosa" (1861), “Le cerisier" (1874), etc. Dupray (dü-pra'), Louis Henri. Bornat Sedan, Nov. 3, 1841. A French military painter, a pupil of Pils and Léon Cogniet. Dupré (dü-prā'), Giovanni. Born at Siena, Durandana (dö-rän-dä'nä). The sword of Roland (Orlando). It is also called Durandal , Durenda , Durindana , etc. "Abel" and "Cain" (Pitti Palace, Florence), "Sappho," "Giotto," the Wellington monument, etc. 5, 1811: died at L'Isle Adam, Oct. 6, 1889. A noted French landscape-painter. He was original. ly a porcelain-painter in his father's manufactory. At the age of eighteen he went to Paris, where his talent was at once recognized. In 1831 he sent his first picture to the Salon. In 1833 he went to England and also to Berry with Jules André and Troyon. In 1849 he was made chevalier of the Legion of Honor, and off icier in 1870. He received a second-cla medal at the Exposition Universelle in 1867, a second-cla medal in 1883, and a medal of honor at the Paris from 1876-82. He was the first and last of the group of Fontainebleau artists of 1830, called the Romantic or Natural School (Rou eau, Delacroix, Corot, Diaz, Millet, Troyon, etc.). His studio was for some years in the Abbey of Saint Pierre in the forest of Fontainebleau, and after- ward in L'Isle Adam. Several of his pictures are in the Luxembourg Museum, one at Lille, and a number are owned in the United States. Duprez (dü-prā'), Caroline (Madame Van den Heuvel). Born at Florence, 1832: died at Pau, France, April 17, 1875. A French opera-singer, daughter of G. L. Duprez. Duprez, Gilbert Louis. Born at Paris, Dec. 6, 1806: died Sept. 23, 1896. A French tenor singer and composer. He published "L'Art du chant" (1845), etc. Dupuis (dü-püē'), Adolphe. Born at Paris, Aug. 16, 1824: died at Nemours, Oct. 25, 1891. A French actor. Dupuis, Charles François. Born at Trie-le Château, Oise, France, Oct. 16, 1742: died at Is- sur-Tille, Côte-d'Or, France, Sept. 29, 1809. A French scholar and man of letters. He wrote "L'Origine de to us les cultes, ou la religion universelle" (1795), etc. Dupuytren (dü-püe-tran'), Baron Guillaume. Born at Pierre-Buffière, Haute-Vienne, France, Oct. 6, 1777: died at Paris, Feb. 8, 1835. A president of a board convened at Washington to devise a plan of naval operations against the Confederate States. He commanded the naval expedition which, in conjunc- tion with a land army under General Thomas W. Sher- man, captured Port Royal, South Carolina, Nov. 7, 1861; was promoted rear-admiral in 1862; was repulsed in an attack on Fort Sumter, April 7, 1863; and was relieved of his command July 5, 1863. Dupont de l'Étang (dü-pôn' de la-ton'), Comte Pierre. Born at Chabanais, Charente, France, July 14, 1765: died at Paris, March 7, 1840. A French general, distinguished at Marengo and other battles, especially Fried land (1807). He capitulated at Baylen in 1808. Dupont de Nemours (dü-pôn' de ne-mör'), Pierre Samuel. Born at Paris, Dec. 14, 1739: died near Wilmington, Del., Aug. 6, 1817. A French political economist and politician. He a isted Turgot 1774-76; was a deputy to the States-Gen- eral in 1789; and became a member of the Council of the Ancients in 1795. He wrote "Physiocratie, ou constitution naturelle du gouvernement le plus avantageux au genre huma in (1768), "Philosophie de l'univers" (1796), etc. Düppel (düp'pel). A village in Schleswig, Duquesne (dü-kan'), Marquis Abraham. Born at Dieppe, France, 1610: died at Paris, Feb. 2, 1688. A French naval commander, dist in- guished in the wars against the Spanish and Dutch. He defeated the combined Spanish and Dutch fleets under De Ruyter off the Sicilian coast April 22, 1676. Duquesne, Fort. A fort formerly on the site of Pittsburg Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, erected by the French in 1754. It was taken by the English 1758. See Duquesnoy (dü-kā-nwä'), François, or Fran- çois çois Flam and Flam and. Born at Bru els, 1594: died at Leghorn, July 12, 1646. A Dutch sculptor, son of an excellent sculptor from whom he received his first le ons. At an early age he made the figure of Justice on the portal of the Chancellerie at Bru els, and two angels for the door of the Jesuit church. In 1619 he was sent by the archduke Albert to study in Rome. He is especially famous for the children which he executed in marble and bronze, but more frequently in ivory, for drinking-cups, etc. The sculpture of the Baldachino at St. Peter's is by him. His friend Le Pou in recommended him to Richelieu, and he was on the point of starting for Paris when he was poisoned by his brother (Jérôme Du- quesnoy, born 1612: burned for unnatural crime Oct. 24, IMG:content-0444.png:[ocr errors] -3. A small town in the province of Biscay, Spain, 14 miles southeast of Bilbao. It is a military stronghold. Durante (dö-rän'te), (dö-rän Francesco. Born at Frattamaggiore, near Naples, March 15, 1684: died at Naples, Aug. 13, 1755. An Italian com- poser of sacred music. In 1742 he succeeded Porpora at the Conservatory of Santa Maria di Loreto at Naples, where he died. Durant is (dü-ron-tēs'), Guillaume. See Du- rand us.. Durazzo. A facetious and lively old man in Mas singer's play "The Guardian." He is the guardian of Caldoro. drews, Fifes hire, Scotland, noted for the num- ber of the fo il fish found in its sandstone. Duran (dö-rän'), Agustin. Born at Madrid, Oct. 14, 1789: died there, Dec. 1, 1862. A Span- ish critic and littérateur. He wrote "Sobre la dec a- dencia del teatro español" (1828), etc., and edited old Spanish romances and comedies. Duprat (dü-prä'), Antoine. Born at I oire, Puy-de-Dôme, France, Jan. 17, 1463: died at Emile Durand). Born at Lille, July 4, 1837. Durbin Oct. 18, 1876. An American clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal Church, president of Dick in son College 1834-45. He was secretary of the Mi ionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church 1850-72. He wrote "Observations in Europe" (1844), "Observations in Egypt, etc." (1845). Durden (der'den), Dame. A notable housewife in a famous English song: hence the nickname given to the careful and conscientious Esther Summers on in Dickens's "Bleak House." Durdles (der'dlz), Stony. "A stone-mason, chiefly in the gravestone, tomb, and monument way, and wholly of their color from head to foot," in Charles Dickens's "Mystery of Edwin Drood." He is usually drunk, and has wonderful adventures in the crypt of the cathedral. Düren (dü'ren). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the Roer 23 miles southwest of Cologne: the ancient Marco durum. It has manufactures of cloth, iron, paper, etc. It was the scene of a victory of Civil is over the Ubii in 69 A. D.; and was the seat of councils and a emblies in the 8th century. Population (1890), 21,551. Durenda. See Durandana . Dürer (dü'rer), Albrecht. Born at Nuremberg, Bavaria, May 21, 1471: died there, April 6, 1528. A famous German painter and engraver, the founder of the German school. He was the son of a goldsmith who first instructed him in his trade and then apprenticed him to the painter Michael Wolgemuth for three years and a half, after which (1490) he visited Strasburg, Colmar, Basel, and Venice where he was much impre ed by the works of Mantegna. He returned in 1494 and married Agnes Frey. He probably worked in the studio of Wolgemuth until 1497, when he removed to an atelier of his own. From 1505 to 1507 he lived in Venice. Then followed his most active years in Nuremberg. From worked for the Maximilian, who made him his court painter, and whom he attended at Augsburg in 1518 as deputy for his native city to the a embled Diet In 1521-22 he visited Netherlands. He attended coronation of Charles V. at Aix-la-Chapelle, and obtained the appointment of court painter before his return to Nuremberg, where he continued to work until his death. He may be regarded as the inventor of etching. As a de signer of woodcuts and an engraver he ranks higher than as a painter. His woodcuts number nearly 200, including "The Apocalypse" (16 subjects), "The Greater (12 subjects), and "The Le er Pa ion" (37 subjects). His copperplates number over 100, including "Melancholia," "Death and the Devil," "The Little Pa ion" (16 subjects), "St. Jerome in his Study," etc. Among his paintings are "Adoration of the Trinity" (Vienna), "Adam and Eve" (Florence), "Four Apostles" (Nuremberg), etc. He wrote Von Menschlicher Proportion" (1528), and works on "Measurement" (1525) and "Fortification" (1527). Dürer never employed fresco, although he furnished the designs for the mural decorations of the city hall at Nuremberg, the "Calumny of Apelles" and the "Triumph of Maxi milian." D'Urfé, Honoré. See Urfé , D ' . Durfee (der'fē), Job. Born at Tiverton, R. I., Sept. 20, 1790: died there, July 26, 1847. An American jurist and philosophical writer, chief justice of Rhode Island Supreme Court 1835-47. He wrote "Panidea” (1846), etc. D'Urfey (dėr'fi), Thomas, called "Tom D'Urfey." Born in Devons hire, England, about 1650 (?): died at London, 1723. An English dramatist and humorous poet. His songs were published as "Pills to Pur Purge Melancholy" (1719-20). Durga (dör gä). [Skt., 'the inacce ible.'] In Hindu mythology, the wife of Shiva. See Devi . Durham (dur'am). [ME. Durem, Duresme, altered from Dunholm , AS. Dūnholm (ML. reflex Dunholmum , Dunelmum , Dunelmia ), hill isle, from dun , hill (down), and holm , island: applied orig. to the rocky peninsula on which the first church was built.] 1. A county in northern England, lying between North umber land on the north, the North Sea on the east, and West more land and Cumber land on the west. It is separated from Yorkshire by the Tees on the south. It is mountainous in the west, is rich in minerals, particu larly coal and lead, and is noted for its breed of cattle. It was a county palatine until 1836. Area, 1,012 square miles. Population (1891), 1,016,559. 2. The capital of the county of Durham, situated on the Wear in lat. 54° 46′ N., long. 1o 35' W. It contains a castle founded in 1072 by William the Conqueror, and rebuilt by Bishop Hugh of Puiset a hundred years later. The interior po e es many features of interest, as the beautiful Norman arcade, door, and gallery, the Norman chapel beneath the 14th-century keep, the refectory of the 14th century, and a 17th-cen tury carved staircase of oak. The castle is now occupied with engaged shafts; the former are covered with zigzag and other line-patterns. The altar-screen and episcopal throne are of the 14th century, the stalls of the 17th. The eastern or Nine Altars transept is architecturally beautiful, and is very skilfully joined to the older work. The Galilee chapel, projecting in front of the western façade, has four interior walls resting on round chevron molded arches which spring from slender clustered columns, the whole supporting the roof in a manner rather Saracenic than Northern. The dimensions of the cathedral are 510 by 80 feet, length of transepts 170, height of vaulting 70, of central tower 214. The old monastic buildings are still almost complete, and are of high interest. Durham was, perhaps, a Roman station. It became the seat of the old bishopric of Lindisfarne in 995, and its bishops were, in the middle ages, nearly independent rulers over the palatinate of Durham. Population (1891), 14,863. 3. A city in Durham County, North Carolina, northwest of Raleigh. It has important tobacco 0).6.67 manufactures. Population (1900), 6,679. Durham, Earl of. See Lambton . Durham Book, The. See the extract.