vitreal

Plural of vitreum. vitrea, vitrea2 (vit'rē-a), n. pl. [NL., neut. pl. of L. vitreus, of gla : see vitreous.] A term used for antique gla ve els or fragments of the same. H. S. Cuming, J. A. A., Χ. 192. vitrella (vi-trel'ä), n.; pl. vitrellæ (-ē). [NL., Ommatidium consists of two cornea gen cells, four vi trellæ , and seven retinular cells. Amer . Nat ., XXIV. 356. An unexplained word which oc coast, extends from Canada through the Atlantic States to Tenne ee, and from Japan to the Him a lay as; it is the source of the Con cord, Isabella, Catawba, Iona, Diana, and other grapes, and some claim that an Asiatic hybrid between it and V. rotund i folia was the original of V. vinifera. cluded with V. bicolor (formerly in valis ), the blue or win IMG:content-1905.png:[ocr errors] ter grape, occurs from New York to Wiscon sin and southward; and V. æstivalis, the summer grape, from Virginia to Texas. From these come the Delaware and the most promising native American red-wine grapes, as the Cynthiana and Norton's Virginia. V. riparia ( V. palmata ), the river grape, is widely distributed through all the IMG:content-1906.png:[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors] Northern States and Canada to Colorado, and is the only used in France to supply phylloxera-proof stock for fine Rocky Mountain species; in cultivation it is extensively wine-producing varieties of V. vinifera. Many other valuable varieties have been formed from the American grapes by hybridizing with one another or with V. vinifera; these handsbyen general proof against the phylloxer, and include far the best American table-grapes. fourth North Atlantic species, V. cord i folia, the frost-, chicken-, or po um-grape, ranges from New York to Iowa and the Gulf of Mexico, and is the most common of the 3 species of Canada. It produces small blackish or amber-colored fruit, sometimes used, after it has been touched by frost, for preserves. Among these species, V. riparia is readily distinguished by its leaves with a broad rounded basal sinus, and its growing tips enveloped with young undeveloped leaves, and V. cord i folia by leaves with both sides smooth and shining. The other three have the upper surface dark-green and more or le rugose; the lower in V. bicolor bluish with a bloom, in V. æstivalis dusty-flocculent, with short broad stipules, and in V. Labrusca densely white or rusty with close tomentum, with long cordate stipules. Their berries are mostly small-in V. bicolor and V. æstivalis apt to be astringent and white-dotted; those of V. Labrusca and V. rotund i folia, the fox-grapes, have a musky or foxy taste or odor (see fox - grape ). The latter, the muscadine or bullace grape, the source of the scuppernong (which see), is the largest fruited American species, and extends from Virginia to Texas, and from Japan to the Him a lay as. Many other American species are quite local; 3 are confined to Florida, 7 mainly to Texas, as V. candicans, the mustang or cutthroat grape, and V. monticola, the sweet mountain grape; several others are nearly restricted to the Mi i ippi valley, as V. cinerea, the sweet winter grape, and V. rubra, an ornamental species. V. Arizonica, the cañongrape of Arizona, and V. Girdiana, of southern California, are small-fruited species; V. Californica, the vaumee of the Indians, bears large clusters of purple fruit of rather pleasant flavor. V. Caribe a is the Jamaica grape or water curs in the following lines: She that helmed was in starke stoures, And wan by force tounes stronge and toures, Shal on hir heed now were a vitremyte . Chaucer, Monk's Tale, 1. 382. [The early editions read autremite, the Six Texts and Tyrwhitt read as here, and the Harleian MS. has wyntermyte. Skeat conjectures that it means a 'gla head-dre , as contrasted with a helmet. Nothing as yet really satisfactory has been proposed.] vitreodentinal (vit re-ō-den'ti-nal), a. [ I Vitreous Me so chorus. (Line shows natural size.) so chorus, Me so chorus vitreus, a hymenopterous hyperparasite which was supposed to destroy the army-worm. - Vitreous mosaic, mosaic the te eræ of which are of gla , especially in jewelry for personal adornment, where it differs from enamel-work in that the pieces of gla are cut out cold and inlaid like gems. - Vitreous silver. See silver. Vitreous sponge, a silicious sponge; a gla sponge: correlated with gelatinous, fibrous, and calcareous sponge. See cut under Euplectella. - Vitreous structure, in lithol. Properly speaking, in a perfectly vitreous rock there is an entire absence of structure, and of any appearance of individualization: such gla y material has no influence on polarized light. Inasmuch, however, as a perfectly vitreous condition is very rare, devitrification having almost always been begun at least, lithologists sometimes for convenience use the term structure in designating a rock as vitreous, or speak of a "vitreous structure."- Vitreous table (or tablet) of the skull. See table, n., 1 (c). - Vitreous warts of Descemet's membrane, minute roundish transparent bodies frequently found near the border of Descemet's membrane, on the posterior surface of the cornea. II. n . The vitreous body of the eye. vitreousne (vit're-us-nes), n. The state or quality of being vitreous; vitreosity. IMG:content-1907.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-1908.png:[blocks in formation] le and smooth or striate, the teeth differentiated into a median tricuspid one, lateral ones bicuspid or tricuspid, and marginal ones aculeate, uni cuspid, or bicuspid. The species are numerous. Also Vitrinina , as a subfamily of Limacidæ or of Helicidæ . vitrinoid (vit'ri-noid), a. [ Vitrina + -oid.] Like a gla -snail; resembling the Vitrinidæ , or related to them. Blue vitriol, copper vitriol, hydrous copper sulphate. When found in nature, it is called chalcanthite or cyano- site. - Elixir of vitriol. See elixir . - Green vitriol. Same as copperas ; in mineral . , the species melanterite. - Lead nickel fanciful and varied effect. It frequently occurs in friezes of the Composite order. (vit'ri), n. A making paulins Mil. Encyc., I. 361. Oil vitriol, of vitriol, in mineral ., concentrated same as sulphuric botryogen . acid. - Red Redion vitriol. (a) A sulphate of cobalt; in mineral ., the species bieber- ite. Also called cobalt-vitriol. (b) Ferric sulphate: same as colcothar. Also called vitriol of Mars. - Roman vitriol, copper sulphate, or blue vitriol. - Salt of vitriol, zine sul phate.-White or zinc vitriol, hydrated zinc sulphate; in mineral ., the species goslarite. vitriolate (vit'ri-o-lat), v. t.; pret. and pp. vit- riolated , ppr. vitriolating . [ -ate2 .] To convert into a vitriol, as iron pyrites by the absorption of oxygen, which reduces the iron to an oxid, and the sulphur to sulphuric acid. Thus, the sulphid of iron when vitriolated becomes sul- phate of iron, or green vitriol. Also vitriolize. vitriolate (vit'ri-o-lat), a. [ vitriolate ,v.] Con- verted into a vitriol or a sulphate. vitriolation (vitri-o-la' shon), n. [ vitriolate + -ion .] The act or proce of converting into a vitriol or a sulphate. Also vitriolization . vitriolic (vit-ri-ol'ik), a. [= F. vitriol i que = Sp. vitriólico = Pg. It. vitriolico ; as vitriol + -ic.] 1. Of or pertaining to vitriol; having the properties of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol. We were fain to have recourse to the rum, a horrid, vit- riolic beverage, which burned our throats and stomachs like melted lead. or things, as of priests, victims, statues, and al- tars.-2. One of the in- fulæ or lappets of a miter. -3. In bot ., an oil-tube, or receptacle for oil, found in the fruits of most Um- tudinal canals tubes filled with an aromatic or peculiar se- cretion. Their usual position is in the intervals between the ridges of the fruit, where they occur singly or in groups. Their number, size, position, etc., are of great systematic value. See oil -tube. The Air and Weather di olving the Stones, the Rain falling upon them carries away with it the Vitrioline Juice or Salt di olved. Ray , Eng. Words (ed. 1691), p. 198. vitriolizable (vit'ri-ol-i-za-bl), a. [ vitriolize + -able .] Capable of being converted into a vitriol. vitriolization (vitri-ol-i-za's hon), n. [= F. vitriolisation = Sp. vitriolizacion ; as vitriolize + -ation.] Same as vitriolation . vitriolize (vit'ri-ol-īz), v. t.; pret. and pp. vit- riolized , ppr. vitriolizing . [=Sp. vitriol izar ; as vitriol + -ize.] 1. Same as vitriolate .-2. To poison or injure with vitriol. The jury did not believe that the child from the same motive vitriolized himself. vitulary (vit'u-lā-ri), a . vituline (vit'u-lin), a. [ vitulus , a calf: see real.] 1. Of or pertaining to a calf or veal. 2. Like a calf in some respect: as, the rituline seal, the common harbor-seal, Phoca vitulina . vituperable (vi-tū'pe-ra-bl), a . [ vituper- able , vituperable = Sp. vituperable = Pg. vituperavel = It. vituperabile , vituperabilis , blamable, vituperare , blame: see vituperate . ] Deserving of or liable to vituperation; cen- surable; blameworthy. Caxton. vituperate (vi-tū'pe-rāt), v . t.; pret. and pp. vituperated , ppr. vituperating . [ vituperatus , pp. of vituperare (> It. vituperare = Pg. Sp. vi- tuperar = F. vitupérer ), blame, censure, vitium , fault, defect, + parare , furnish, provide, con- trive.] To addre abusive language to; find fault with abusively; abuse verbally; rate; objurgate. Daily News (London), March 15, 1886. (Encyc. Dict.) vitriol oust (vit'ri-ol-us), a . [ -ous .] Containing vitriol; vitriolic. vitro-di-trin a (vit'rō-di-trē'nä), n. [It.: vitro, gla ; di , of; trin a , lace, galloon.] Lacework gla , especially that in which the white threads are cro ed at an angle forming lozenge-shaped compartments, every one of which, in some specimens, contains a small air-bubble. Com- pare reticulated gla , under gla . vitrophyre (vit'ro-fir), n. [L. vitrum , gla , +( por ) phyr ( ites ), porphyry.] The name given by Vogelsang to a subdivision of the porphyritic rocks in which the ground-ma consists ex- clusively of a gla y magma. See granophyre , fore, and was perpetually vituperating him. vitrophyric (vit-ro-fir'ik), a . [ vitrophyre + -ic.] Consisting of, or having the characters of, vitrophyre. Among the pyroxenic rocks the most noticeable varie- ties are the labradorite-andesites, the pyroxene-andesites - of which both "trachytoid" and " vitrophyric " forms Philos . Mag., XXIX. 288. occur . The incensed priests. continued to raise their voices, vituperating each other in bad Latin. Scott , Ivanhoe, xxxiii. The Earl (Leicester) hated Norris more bitterly than be- Motley, Hist. Netherlands, II. 514. vituperation perate.] The act of vituperating; censure with abusive terms; abuse; railing. When a man becomes untractable and inacce ible by fiercene and pride, then vituperation comes upon him, and privation of honour follows him. Donne, Hist. Septuagint (1633), p. 155. =Syn. Objurgation, scolding, reviling, upbraiding. vituperative (vi-tu'pe-ra-tiv), a. [= It. vitupe rativo ; as vituperate + -ive.] Serving to vituperate; containing or expre ing abusive censure; abusive. As these Cleopatra barges floated along with their soft burden, torrents of vituperative epithet were poured upon them by the rough children of Neptune. W. Ware, Zenobia, I. 3. =Syn. Opprobrious, scurrilous. vituperatively (vi-tu'pe-ra-tiv-li), adv . In a vituperative manner; with vituperation; abusively.