Sarnia (sär'ni-ä)

The Roman name of the island of Guernsey. Sarnia (sär'ni-ä). The capital of Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, situated on St. Clair River, near Lake Huron, 55 miles northeast of Detroit. Population (1901), 8,176. Sarnus (sär'nus). In ancient geography, a Sars (särs), Michael. Born at Bergen, Norway, Aug. 30, 1805: died Oct. 22, 1869. A noted Nor wegian zoölogist, profe or at the University of Christiania from 1854. His works include "Fauna littoral is Norvegiæ” (1846), etc. Sars field (särs'feld), Patrick, Earl of Lucan. Killed at the battle of Neerwinden, July, 1693. An Irish Jacobite general. He served against Mon mouth at Sedgmoor in 1685; was a member of the Irish Parliament; and served in the army of James II. in Ireland. He was present at the battle of the Boyne in 1690; forced William III. to raise the siege of Limerick in the same year; and negotiated the final capitulation of Limerick in 1691. He thereupon entered the service of France. Sartain (sär-tān'), John. Born at London, Oct. 24, 1808: died at Philadelphia, Oct. 25, 1897. An English-American engraver, pioneer in mezzotint-engraving in the United States, to which country he came in 1830. Until about 1840 he painted portraits in oil and miniatures on ivory. He published "Sartain's Union Magazine" (1848-52), and was editor of several other magazines. Sartain, William. Born at Philadelphia, Nov. 21, 1843. An American landscape and genre painter, son of John Sartain. Sarthe (särt). A river in northwestern France which unites near Angers with the Mayenne to form the Maine. Its chief tributaries are the Huisne and Loir. Length, about 170 miles; navigable from Le Mans. Sarthe. A department of France, capital Le Mans, formed from the eastern part of Maine and small portions of Anjou and Perche. It is bounded by Orne on the north, Eure-et-Loir on the north east, Loir-et-Cher on the east, Indre-et-Loire and Maine et-Loire on the south, and Mayenne on the west. The surface is hilly. Area, 2,396 square miles. Population (1891), 429,737. Sarti (sär'tē), Giuseppe. Born at Faenza, Italy, Dec. 1, 1729: died at Berlin, July 28, 1802. An Italian composer. He wrote many operas (among which are "Il Rè pastore," "Armida e Rinaldo," "Didone Abb and on at a," etc.) and much sacred music. He also invented a machine for counting the vibrations of sound. Sihun. Sarv (surv). [Pers., 'cypre .'] In the Shahnamah, the king of Yemen whose three daughters were wedded to Salm, Tur, and Iraj, the three sons of Faridun. Sarzeau (sär-zō'). A town in the department of Morbihan, northwestern France, situated on the Gulf of Morbihan 33 miles southeast of Lorient: the birthplace of Le Sage. Population (1891), commune, 5,686. Sasanians. See Sa anids . Sasbach (zäs'bäch). A village in Baden, 29 miles southwest of Karlsruhe. Here, July 27, 1675, Marshal Turenne was killed in a skir mish. Sasik, or Sasyk (sä-sik'), or Kunduk (kön dök'), Lake. A coast lake of Be arabia, Ru ia, situated near the Black Sea, with which it communicates near the Kilia mouth of the Danube. Length, 20 miles. Saskatchewan (sas-kach'e-wan). 1. A river in British America. It is formed by the North Branch and South Branch (which rise in the Rocky Mountains, and unite about long. 105° W.), flows through Lake Winnipeg, and i ues thence as the Nelson River. The chief tributaries of the system are the Red Deer River, Battle River, and Red River of the North. The total length is about 1,500 miles. 2. A district formed in 1882 from part of the northwest territories of Canada. It lies north of Manitoba and A in i boi a and east of Alberta. Area, 114, 000 square miles. Population (1901), 25,679. Sa anians. See Sa anids. Sa anids (sas'a-nidz), or Sa anians (sa-sā'ni-anz). The dynasty of Persian kings which ruled from about 226 A. D., when Ardashir I. overthrew the Part hi an realm of the Arsacids, until about 641, when it was overthrown by the Arabs at Nehavend. It was at the height of its power in that period is sometimes called the Sa an i an empire. under Khusrau I. and Khusrau II. The Persian empire Sa ari (sä ä-rē). 1. The northernmost of the two provinces of the island of Sardinia, Italy. Area, 4,090 square miles. Population (1892), 282,575.-2. The capital of the province of Sa ari, situated in lat. 40° 44′ N., long. 8° 34′ E. Its port is Porto Torres. It contains a cathedral, university, and castle. Population (1892), 41,000. Sa enach (sas'e-nach). ASaxon:aterm sometimes applied by the Scottish Highlanders to English men. Sa of err a to (säs-so-fer-rä'tō). A small town in the province of Ancona, Italy, situated on the Sentino 36 miles west-southwest of Ancona. Near it is the site of the ancient Sentinum. Sa of err a to, Giovanni Battista Salvi, called Il. Born at Sa of err a to, July 11, 1605: died at Rome, April 8, 1685. An Italian painter. He devoted himself principally to devotional of Sarno. Near it the Goths under Teias were totally defeated by the Romans under Narses in 553 or 552. Saronic Gulf (sa-ron'ik gulf). [L. Saronic us Sinus .] An arm of the Ægean Sea, lying southwest of Attica and northeast of Argolis, Greece: the modern Gulf of Ægin a. It contains the islands of Salamis and Ægin a. Length, about 50 miles. Saronno (sä-ron'nō). A town in the province of Milan, Italy, situated on the Lura 15 miles north-northwest of Milan. The Sanctuary of the Virgin, a domed church of the 16th century, is remarkable for its series of frescos by Gaudenzio Ferrari and Bernard i no Luini. Population (1881), 5,869. Saros (sä'ros), Gulf of. A gulf in the northeastern extremity of the Ægean Sea, north of the peninsula of Gallipoli: the ancient Melas Sinus. Sáros-Patak, or Sáros-Nagy-Patak (shä'roshnody-po'tok). A town in the county of Zemplin, northern Hungary, situated on the Bodrog 54 miles north of Debreczin. Population (1890), 6,350. Sarpa (sär'pä). A river in the government of Astrakhan, Ru ia. It joins the Volga near Sarepta. Length, 150 to 200 miles. Sarpedon (sär-pē'don). [Gr. Σαρπήδων.] In ✔ Greek legend: (a) A son of Zeus and Europa, and king of the Lydians: often confounded with (b). (b) A Lycian prince, son of Zeus and Laodamia, or, according to others, of Evander and Deidameia. He was an ally of the Trojans in the Tro jan war, during which he fell by the hand of Patroclus. His body was, the command of Zeus, anointed with ambrosia by Apollo and carried by Sleep and Death to Lycia for burial. Sarpi (sär'pē), Pietro or Paolo, called Fra Paolo ('Brother Paul'), and surnamed Servita. Born at Venice, Aug 14, 1552: died there, Jan. 15, 1623. A Venetian historian. He entered the July 16, 1486: died at Florence, Jan. 22, 1531. A noted Florentine painter, famous for his frescos, many of which are in Florence. His real name was Andrea d'Angelo di Francesco, but he was called del Sarto because his father Angelo was a tailor; the name Vanucchi has been given him without good reason. The subjects of the frescos are mostly religious. Among them are the "Madonna del Sacco" in the cloisters of San Annunziata; the "Madonna di San Francesco" and "Birth of St. John" at the Scalzo; the "Last Supper" at San Salvi; five frescos illustrating scenes in the life of St. Philip, in the court of Sant' Annunziata de' Servi; a "Proce ion of the Magi" and the "Nativity of the Virgin" in the court of the Servi (this "Nativity" is said to be the best fresco ever painted). Among his easel-pictures are two "Annunciations," two "A umptions," a "Deposition from the Cro ," a "Holy Family," a "Madonna," etc., at the Pitti Palace, Florence; "Charity" and a "Holy Family" at the Louvre; a portrait of himself and a "Holy Family" at the National Gallery, London; and pictures at Vienna, Dresden, St. Pe tersburg, and other galleries. Sartor is (sär-to'ris), Mrs. (Adelaide Kemble). Born in 1814: died in 1879. An English singer and writer, the daughter of Charles Kemble. She appeared first in 1835, and retired from the stage her marriage in 1843. She published "A Week in a French Country House" (1867), "Medusa, etc." (1868), "Past Hours," edited by her daughter (1880). Sartorö (sär'tör-e'). An island off the western coast of Norway, 10 miles west of Bergen. Length, 20 miles. Sartor Resartus (sär'tor re-sär'tus). [L., 'the tailor patched.'] A satirical work by Thomas Carlyle, published in "Fraser's Magazine" 1833-34, and in book form in 1835. Sarum, New. See Salisbury . Sarum, Old. See Old Sarum. Sarun, or Saran (sä-run'). A district in the Patna division, Bengal, British India, intersected by lat. 26° 15′ N., long. 84° 30′ E.' Area, 2,653 square miles. Population (1891), 2,467,477. IMG:content-1017.png:[blocks in formation] Satan (sā'tan). [Heb., 'an enemy,' 'Satan.'] The chief evil spirit; the great adversary of man; the devil. Satanella (sat-a-nel'ä), or the Power of Love. An opera by Balfe, produced at London in 1858. Satanic School. In 19th-century literary his- tory, a name first given by Southey to a cla of writers who were supposed to write in oppos i- tion to the received principles of morality and the Christian religion. Among the most prom- inent were Byron, Moore, Shelley, Bulwer, Paul de Kock, Victor Hugo, etc. Satanstoe (sā'tanz-to). A novel by Cooper, published in 1845. Satara, or Sattara (sä-täʼrä). 1. A district in Bombay, British India, intersected by lat. 17° 30′ N., long. 74° E. Area, 4,987 square miles. Pop. (1891), 1,225,989.-2. The capital of Sa- tara district, situated in lat. 17° 41′ N., long. 74° E. Pop., with cantonment (1891), 29,601. Saterland (zä'ter-länt). A small district in the western part of Oldenburg, Germany, west of the city of Oldenburg. League. It was written by 7 men (Leroy, Gillot, Pa er at, Rapin, Chrestien, Pithou, and Durant), most of them law- Sat i rom as tix (sat"i-rō-mas'tiks), or the Un- tru ing of the Humorous Poet. A play by Dekker, acted in 1601 and printed in 1602. It is Dekker's answer to Jonson's "Poetaster," which is thought IMG:content-1018.png:[blocks in formation] Saturday (sat'er-dā). [From L. Saturn i dies , Saturn's day.] The seventh or last day of the week: the day of the Jewish Sabbath. Saturn (sat'ėrn). [L. Saturn us .] 1. An ancient Italic deity, popularly believed to have appeared in Italy in the reign of Janus, and to have in- structed the people in agriculture, gardening, etc., thus elevating them from barbarism to social order and civilization. His reign was sung by the poets as "the golden age." He became early iden- tifled with the Cronus of the Greeks. Ops, the person if i- cation of wealth and plenty, was his wife, and both were the especial protectors of agriculture and of all vegetation. 2. The most remote of the anciently known planets, appearing at brightest like a first- magnitude star. It revolves in an orbit inclined 21° to the ecliptic. Its mean distance from the sun 9 times that of the earth, or 883,000,000 miles. Its IMG:content-1019.png:[ocr errors] lum upon another swinging from the same support. Since 1790, when in consequence of this influence Saturn had lagged 50' behind and Jupiter had advanced 20' beyond the positions they would have had if undisturbed, Saturn has been moving continually faster, and the whole period of the inequality is 629 years. This is the largest perturbation of those affecting the motions of the principal bodies of our system. Saturn is the greatest planet except Jupiter, its diameter (75,800 miles) being about 9 times, its volume 697 times, and its ma 93.0 times that of the earth. Its mean density is 0.7, water being unity. Gravity at the surface has 1, the intensity of terrestrial gravity. Its al be do is 0.5 (about that of a cloud), but its color is decidedly orange; it shows some bands and spots upon the surface which are not constant. The compre ion of the spheroid of Saturn exceeds that of every other planet, amounting to of its diameter. Its rotation, according to Asaph Hall, is performed in 10 h. 14.4 m. Its equator is nearly parallel to that of the earth. After the discovery by Galileo of the 4 have 2 Saturn 6 or 8 In has 9 sat has the unique appendage of a surrounding ring-consist- ing really of three apparent rings lying in one plane. The ring is 5,900 miles from the surface of Saturn, and its total breadth is 48,500 miles, its total diameter being thus 172, 800 miles. The thickne of the ring is considerably le than 100 miles. Its plane is inclined 7° to the planet's equator and 28° 10' to the earth's orbit. It is best seen when the planet is in Taurus or in Scorpio. The symbol of Saturn ish, probably representing a scythe. Saturnalia (sat-er-na'li-ä). In Roman anti- quity, the festival of Saturn, celebrated in the middle of December as a harvest-home obser- vance. It was a period of feasting and mirthful license and enjoyment for all cla es, extending even to the slaves. Satyrane (sat'i-rān). A type of the natural man in Spenser's "Faerie Queene." He was bred in the woods, and shows in the outer world all the might and courage of his race. Satyre Ménippée. See Satire Ménippée . Sau. See Save. Sauchieburn (sâch'i-bėrn). A small stream near Stirling, Scotland, near which James III. was defeated by insurgent nobles in 1488. Saucourt (sō-kör'). A village near Abbeville, department of Somme, France: noted for the defeat of the North men by Louis III. in 880. Sauer. See Sure . Sauerland (zou'er-länt). The southern part of the province of Westphalia, Pru ia. Sauerland Mountains. A plateau region in the southern part of the province of Westpha- lia and the adjoining part of the Rhine Province. Highest point, the Kahler Astenberg (about 2,700 feet). Sauger ties (sâ'gėr-tiz). A town in Ulster County, New York, situated on the Hudson 43 miles south of Albany. Population (1900), village, 3,697. Saugor (sa-gor'). An island of Bengal, situ- ated in the Ganges delta, at the mouth of the Saugur, or Saugor. See Sagar . Sauk (sak) River. A river in Minnesota which joins the Mi i ippi near St. Cloud. Saul (sâl). [LL. Saul , Gr. Σαούλ, Heb. Shaul , asked (of God).] The first king of the Hebrews (1055-1033 в. с.- Duncker), son of Kish of the against the A male kites, and other Gentile na- tions. He fell in battle against the Philistines on Mount Saul. The original name of the apostle Paul. Saul. 1. An oratorio by Handel, produced at London in 1739. It contains a notable "Dead March."-2. A tragedy by Alfieri, printed in 1783. It was a favorite with its author, and has retained a place on the stage. It is more Shaksperian and le cla ical than any of his other plays. Saulcy (sō-se'), Louis Félicien Joseph Cai- gnart de. Born at Lille, France, March 19, 1807: died at Paris, Nov. 3, 1880. A French numisma- tist, archæologist, and Orientalist. He traveled extensively in Palestine. Among his works are "Voyage autour de la Mer Morte" (1852-54), "Recherches sur la nu- mismatique jud aïque" (1854), "Campagnes de Jules César dans les Gaules" (1862), "Voyage en terre sainte" (1865), "Derniers jours de Jérusalem" (1866), "His to ire d'Hé- rode" (1867), "Numismatique de la terre sainte" (1873), "Sept siècles de l'his to ire jud aïque" (1874). Saulsbury (sâlz'bu-ri), Eli. Born in Kent County, Del., Dec. 29, 1817: died at Dover, Del., March 22, 1893. An American politician, Demo- cratic United States senator from Delaware 1871-89. Saulsbury, Willard. Born in Kent County, Del., June 2, 1820: died at Dover, Del., April 6, 1892. An American politician, brother of Eli Saulsbury. He was attorney-general of Delaware 1850- 1855; Democratic United States senator from Delaware Saulteurs. See Ojibwa . Sault (or Saut) Sainte Marie (sö sānt ma'ri; F. pron. so sant mä-rē'). 1. The capital of Chippewa County, Michigan, situated at the rapids of St. Mary's River, near the outlet of Lake Superior. Pop. (1900), 10,538.–2. Atown in Ontario, Canada, situated opposite Sault Sainte Marie in Michigan. Pop. ор. (1901), 7,169. Sault Sainte Marie, or Saint Mary's Falls. The rapids in St. Mary's River between Lakes Superior and Huron. The impediment to navigation, canal built in 1855 and enlarged in 1870 and in 1894. Saumaise. See Salmasius . Saumarez, or Sausmarez (sō-mä-rā′), James, March 11, 1757: died in Guernsey, Oct. 9, 1836. Saunders, Nicholas. Born near Reigate, 1527: died in Ireland between 1580-83. An English polemical writer. He was educated at Winchester and Oxford, and became fellow of New College, Oxford, in 1548, and regius profe or of common law in 1558. He went to Rome, and was ordained priest in 1561, and subsequently was profe or of theology for 13 years at Louvain. He is the author of "De visibile monarch i a ecclesiæ " (1571) and "De Origine ac Progre u Schism at is Anglicani" (1585). Saunders, Richard. The pseudonym under which Benjamin Franklin published his alma- nac in 1733. It was known as "Poor Richard's Almanac," and was i ued by him for 25 years. Sausmarez. See Saumarez . Sau ier (sō-syā'), Félix Gustave. Born at Troyes, France, Jan. 16, 1828. A French gen- eral and politician. He was appointed commander in-chief of the army in Algeria in 1881, and became mil i. tary governor of Paris in 1885. He retired in 1898. Savage's Station. A place 10 miles east of Richmond, Virginia. It was the scene of a battle be- tween a part of the Federal army of McClellan under Sumner and a part of the Confederate army of Lee under Magruder, June 29, 1862, forming part of the Seven Days' Savaii (sä-vi'ē), or Sawaii. The largest of the Samoan Islands, Pacific Ocean, situated in lat. 13° 45′ S., long. 172° 17′ W. The surface is moun- tainous. Length, 43 miles. Area, about 650-700 square miles. Population, 12,500. It belongs to Germany. Savanilla (sä-vä-nēl'yä), or Sabanilla (sa-ba- nel'yä). A town and port on a bay of the north- ern coast of Colombia, situated in lat. 11° 3′ N., S long. 74° 58′ W. The port proper is Puerto Colombia, 3 miles from the town. A large part of the commerce of Colombia pa es through it to and from Bar an quill a on the river Magdalen a. Savannah vannah River, 18 miles from the ocean, in lat. 32°5′ N., long 81°5′ W. It is one of the largest cities in the State and the second cotton-port in the country. and has also a large trade in rice, resin, turpentine, and lumber. Its harbor is one of the best in the South. It was settled by Ogle thorpe in 1733; repelled a British attack in 1776; and was taken by the British in 1778. An unsucce ful attempt to recover it was made by the French and Ameri. cans in Oct., 1779, when Pulaski was killed in the a ault. It became a city in 1789; was devastated by fire in 1796 and in 1820; was an important Confederate post; was invested by the Federals under Sherman Dec. 10, 1864; and was occupied by them Dec. 23. Pop. (1900), 54,244. Savannah River. A river on the boundary between South Carolina and Georgia. Itis formed by the union of the Tugaloo and Kiowe, and falls into the Atlantic about lat. 32° N. Length, including the Tugaloo and sub tributary Chattooga, about 550 miles; navigable for large ve els to Savannah, for smaller ve els to August a, Savary (sä-vä-rē ́), Anne Jean Marie René, Duc de Rovigo. Born at Marcq, Ardennes, France, April 26, 1774: died at Paris, June 2, 1833. A French general and politician. He entered the army in 1790; became the confidential agent of Napoleon about 1800; presided at the trial of the Duc d'Enghien in 1804; captured Hameln in 1806; defeated the Ru ians at Ostrolenka in 1807; and was engaged in various diplomatic mi ions, particularly in Spain (1808). He was minister of police 1810-14, and was commander-in-chief of the army in Algeria 1831-33. He published "Mémoires" (1828). Save (säv), G. Sau (sou). One of the principal tributaries of the Danube: the Latin Savus. It rises near the Terglou, traverses Carniola, forms the boundary between Carniola and Styria, traverses CroatiaSlavonia, forms the boundary between Croatia-Slavonia on the north and Bosnia and Servia on the south, and joins the Danube at Belgrad. Its chief tributaries are the Kulpa, Unna, Bosna, and Drina. Length, about 550 miles; navigable from the mouth of the Laibach. Save. A river in southwestern France which joins the Garonne 17 miles northwest of Toulouse. Length, about 85 miles. Savelan (sä-ve-län'), or Sevellan (sā-vel-län′). A mountain in the province of Azerbaijan, northwestern Persia, 90 miles east by north of Tabriz. Height, about 15,790 feet. Savenay (säv-nā'). A town in the department of Loire-Inférieure, France, 22 miles northwest of Nantes. By a victory which the republicans under Kléber and Marceau gained here over the Vendeans (Dec. 22, 1793), the power of the latter was almost annihilated. Population (1891), commune, 3,272. Savernake. A celebrated forest region in Wilts hire; England, near Marl borough. - Saverne. The French name of Zabern. Saverne (sä-varn'), Col de, or Zabern Pa (tsäʼbern päs). A low pa over the Vosges, near the town of Saverne (Zabern). Savigliano (sä-vēl-yä'nō). A town in the province of Cuneo, Italy, situated near the Maira 29 miles south of Turin. Population (1881), 9,932; commune, 17,150. Savigny (sä-vēn-yē'), Fried rich Karl von. Born at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Feb. 21, 1779: died at Berlin, Oct. 25, 1861. A celebrated Ger man jurist and politician: one of the greatest of modern jurists, and one of the founders of the historical school of jurisprudence. He became profe or in Berlin in 1810; held various Pru ian offices; and was minister for the revision of the legisla tion 1842-48. His works include "Das Recht des Besitzes" ("Right of Po e ion," 1803), "Vom Beruf unserer Zeit für Gesetzgebung und Rechtswi enschaft" (1814), "Geschichte des römischen Rechts im Mit tel alter" ("History of Roman Law in the Middle Ages," 1815-31), "System des heutigen römischen Rechts" ("System of Modern Roman Law," 1840-49), "Das Obligationenrecht" (1851-53). Savigny, Karl Fried rich von. Born at Berlin, Sept. 19, 1814: died at Frankfort-on-the-Main, Feb. 11, 1875. A Pru ian diplomatist and politician, son of F. K. von Savigny. He was amba ador at Frankfort 1864-66; a leading negotiator in the treaties and arrangements of 1866; and after 1867 a leading member of the Centre in the Reichstag and Landtag.