The Etrurians are the most mysterious people of antiquity

We meet them in the sculptured chronicles of ancient Egypt as the Tursha, and in the pages of the earliest Greek writers as the Tyrrhenes, or Turseni. According to ancient tradition, they came from Lydia in prehistoric times, and colonized Latium. Certain details of their costumes and customs appear to be identical with those of Lydia, and the legend is probably based upon fact. But until the inscriptions of Etruria can be read, we are not likely to solve this problem. The Etruscan characters closely resemble the archaic alphabets of Asia Minor; but no scholar has yet succeeded in identifying more than proper names and the names of deities. Edwards , Pharaohs, Fellahs, etc., p. 91. Lately the discovery of an inscription on the island of Lemnos seems to render probable the identity of the Etruscans with the Pelasgian Tyrrhenians of the MediterLa Sau aye , Science of Religion, p. 324. ranean. later was a member of the Chamber of Peers. He was also the author of a number of political pamphlets and of a "His to ire du théâtre français" (1802). [F., Étienne du Mont (a-tyen' dü môn), St. 'Saint Stephen of the Mount.'] A noted florid Pointed church in Paris, founded in 1517. The west front was added by Henry IV. The church is famous for its graceful rood-loft in carved stone, which spans the nave in a low arch from opposite pillars around which wind its two spiral stairs. The church po e es some beautiful gla , and the rich 13th-century shrine of Ste. Geneviève. Étiquette (a-to-ket'), Madame. A nickname given to the Duche e de Noailles, the mistre of ceremonies at the court of Marie Antoinette. Etive (et'iv), Loch. An inlet of the sea in the north of Argylls hire, Scotland, northeast of Oban. Length, 19 miles. Etna (et'nä), Sicilian Mongibello (mon-je-bel' 10). [L. Ætna , Gr. Αίτνη , Αίτνα , burning mountain.] The chief mountain in Sicily, and the highest volcano in Europe, situated in the east of the island, north of Catania, lat. 37° 44′ N., long. 15ο Ε. It figured in Greek mythology in the le gends of Enceladus and Hephæstus. Among the most important of the eruptions, more than 80 of which have been recorded, are those of 1169, 1669, 1693, 1755, 1792, 1852, 1865, 1879, 1886, and 1892. Height, 10,835 feet. Étoges (a-tozh'). A village in the department of Marne, France, 16 miles south-southwest of Ettmüller (et'mül-ler), Ernst Moritz Ludwig. Born at Gersdorf, near Löbau, Saxony, Oct. 5, 1802: died near Zurich, Switzerland, April 15, 1877. A German philologist, profe or of the German language and literature in the gymnasium at Zurich. He edited Middle High German and Old Low German texts, and published works on Norse. an Anglo-Saxon chrestomathy (1850), an Anglo-Saxon lexicon (1851), etc. Ettrick (et'rik). A river in Sel kirks hire, Scotland, which joins the Tweed near Selkirk. Length, 32 miles. The tract of woodland on and adjoining it was formerly known as the Ettrick Forest. Ettrick Shepherd, The. A name given to James Hogg. Etty (et'i), William. Born at York, England, March 10, 1787: died there, Nov. 13, 1849. An English painter of historical subjects. Etymologicum Magnum (eti-mo-loj'i-kum mag'num). [ML., tr. Gr. τὸ ἐτυμολογικόν μέγα, the great dictionary.] See the extract. The remaining great lexicon of the Byzantine age, the Etymologicum Magnum as it is called, does not puzzle us by a uming the name of any definite author. It may, indeed, be doubted whether was not more than compilation bearing this there and whether it denoted lonia. Joseph us as king of Sidon as well as of Tyre. more than a bookseller's or scribe's collection and edition Eubœa (u-bē'ä). [Gr. Εύβοια, It. Negroponte , Turk. Egripo .] The largest island belonging to Greece, in the Ægean Sea. It lies to the east of Locris, Bœotia, and Attica, from which it is separated by the Strait of Euripus. It is traversed by mountains, Delphi reaching the height of 5,725 feet. The chief towns were Chalcis and Eretria. It was subdued by Athens after the Persian wars. The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1470. Its length is 98 miles; its greatest width, 30 miles. Eubœa and some adjoining small islands form a nomarchy with a population (1889) of 103,442. Eubulides (ū-bū'li-dēz) of Miletus. [Gr. Ευβουλίδης.] Lived in the 4th century B. C. A Greek philosopher of the Megaric school. Eucharis (ü'ka-ris). In Fénelon's "Télé- maque," one of Calypso's nymphs with whom Télémaque falls in love. Mentor removes him from the island to get him out of her way. She is said to be meant for Mademoiselle de Fontanges, a favorite, for a short time, of Louis XIV. Eudes II. Died in 1162. Duke of Burgundy. He compelled Thibaut of Champagne to do hom- He was defeated and killed in an attempt to make himself master of Lorraine. Eudes de Montreuil (éd dè môn-trèy'). Died 1289. A French sculptor, architect, and eng i- neer. He went to the Holy Land in 1248, and in 1250-51 constructed the fortifications of Jaffa. In 1254 he re- turned to Paris. In 1262 he built the Church of the Cor- deliers, and that of the Chartreux in 1276. In the Church of the Cordeliers he was accorded sepulture, and erected his own tomb with life-size statues of himself and his two wives. This monument was described in the reign of Eudeve. See Opata . Eudocia (u-dōshia). [Gr. Εὐδοκία , esteem, honor.] Born at Athens about 393: died at Jeru- salem about 460. A Roman empre . She was the daughter of the sophist Leontius, or, as he is also called, Her a clit us of Athens, who gave her a careful education. She married the emperor Theodosius II. in 421, having previously exchanged her original name A then a is for Eu- docia at baptism. Having supplanted the emperor's sister, Pulcheria, in the administration of the government, she effected the convention of the so-called Robber Council of Ephesus in 449, at which Flavian, the patriarch of Con- stantinople, was deposed by the Eutychians. Shortly after this the emperor took up the cause of the orthodox party, in consequence of which, as well as of his jealousy, Eudocia. A Byzantine, empre , wife of Con- stantine XI., and afterward of Roman us IV. At his death in 1067 Const an tine bequeathed the empire to her and their three young sons, Michael VII., Andronicus I., and Const an tine XII. Although bound by oath not to marry again, she espoused Roman us in 1068, and made him a colleague in the empire with herself and her sons, where- upon Joannes Ducas, brother of Const an tine XI., made Michael VII. sole emperor, and banished Eudocia to a convent. She compiled a dictionary of history and my thology, entitled ̓Ιωνία , or "Collection (or Bed) of Violets," which is still extant. Eudoxia (u-dok'si-ä). [LGr. Εὐδοξία , good re- port, honor.] A Byzantine empre , daughter of the Frank Bauto. She married in 395 Arcadius, by whom she became the mother of Theodosius II., or "the Younger. She acquired a complete ascendancy Eugene Aram. A novel by Bulwer Lytton, published in 1832. Hood's poem on the same subject is called "The Dream of Eugene Aram." See Aram, Eugene . Eugène de Beau harn a is. See Beau harn a is . Eugenia (ū-jē'ni-ä). [Fem. of Eugenius ; F. Eu- génie.] 1. A female name, the feminine of Eugenius . 2. An asteroid (No. 45) discovered by Goldschmidt at Paris, June 26, 1857. Eugénie (e-zhā-ne') (Eugenia Maria de Mon- tijo de Guzman, Counte of Teba). [See Eugenia .] Born at Granada, Spain, May 5, 1826. The second daughter of Don Manuel Fernandez de Montijo, and wife of Napoleon III. whom she married Jan. 30, 1853. fall of the empire she fixed her residence at Chisel hurst, Kent, England: later (1880) at Farnborough Hill. Eugenie (u-jē'ni), Sir Dauphine. In Ben Jon- son's "Epicœne, or the Silent Woman," the witty and impecunious nephew of Morose. See Epicane . over her husband, and procured the exile of Chrysostom, Born at Rome: died there, June 1, 657. Pope patriarch of Constantinople, who inveighed against the avarice and luxury of the court. Eudoxia. Born at Constantinople, 422. A Ro- man empre , daughter of Theodosius II. She married in 436 or 437 Val ent in i an III., who was murdered by Petronius Maximus in 455. Compelled to marry the usurper, she called in Genseric, king of the Vandals, who took Rome and carried off Eudoxia and her two daughters, Eudocia and Placid i a, to Carthage. Maximus was killed in the flight. Eudoxia was after some years sent to Con- stantinople with an honorable escort. Eudoxians (u-dok'si-anz). The followers of Eudoxius, patriarch of Constantinople and an extreme Arian of the 4th century: same as Anomœans, Aëtians , and Eunomians . Eudoxius (u-dok'si-us). [Gr. Εὐδοξίος .] Died 370. A patriarch of Constantinople. He became bishop of Antioch in 347, and patriarch of Constantinople in 360. He was an Arian and the leader of the Eudoxians. Eudoxus (u-dok's us) of Cnidus. [Gr. Εύδοξος . ] Born about 409 в. с.: died about 356 в. с. A Greek astronomer, geometer, and physician. He is said to have been the first to introduce the use of the celestial globe into Greece, to have corrected the length of of the stars changes with the latitude as a proof of the sphericity of the earth. tury B. c. A Greek navigator in the Egyptian service, said to have circumnavigated Africa from the Red Sea to the Strait of Gibraltar. Euemerus. See Evemerus . Euergetes (ü-ér'je-tez). [Gr. Eὐεργέτης , bene- factor.] A Greek title of honor a umed by several kings of Egypt. See Ptolemy . Eufaula (u-fa lä). A city of Barbour County, cotton. Population (1890), 4,394. Eugamon (uga-mon). [Gr. Εὐγάμων .] A Greek cyclic poet of Cyrene (about 566 в. с.), author of the Telegonia" (which see). Euganean Hills (u-gã nộ-an hilz). A chain of of Padua. Highest point, 1,890 feet. Eugene (ü-jen'), Prince (François Eugène Savoie-Carignan). [Gr. ευγενής , well-born; L. Eugenius , Eugen .] Born at Paris, Oct. 18, 1663: died at Vienna, April 21, 1736. A cele- brated Austrian general. He was the son of Prince Eugène Maurice de Savoie-Carignan, comte de So is sons, by Olympia Mancini, a niece of Cardinal Mazarin. He was intended for the church, and when about ten was created abbé of Carignan. Being refused a commi ion in the French army by Louis XIV., he entered the ser- vice of Austria, with the rank of colonel, in 1683. He was in 1696 appointed commander-in-chief of the imperial army against the Turks, whom he totally defeated at Zenta in 1697, and compelled to accept the peace of Carlo- witz in 1699. At the outbreak of the War of the Spanish Italian monk. He was a pupil of St. Sever in us of Noricum, whose remains were brought about 488 to Cas- trum Lucullanum, near Naples, there to form the nu- cleus of an abbey of which Eugippius became the second abbot. He wrote a life of St. Sever in us (511), which is an important source of early German history. thous and brother of Hyperenor. He was slain by Menelaus, who dedicated Euphorbus's shield in the tem- ple of Hera, near Mycenæ. Pythagoras profe ed to be animated by his soul. Euphorion (u-fo'ri-on). [Gr. Ευφορίων .] Born at Chalcis, Euboea, 274 B. c.: died in Syria, prob- ably about 200 в. с. A Greek grammarian and poet: fragments edited by Meineke (1823). Euphranor (u-fra'nôr). [Gr. Εὐφράνωρ .] Born near Corinth: lived in the middle of the 4th century B. C. A Greek statuary and painter. His treatises on symmetry and color were much used by Pliny in the compilation of his 35th book. Lucian ranks his sculpture with that of Phidias, Alcamenes, and Myron, and his painting with that of Apelles, Parr has i us, and Euphrasia. See Bellario . Euphrasia (u-frāzhia). [Gr. Εὐφρασία , of good cheer.] The Grecian Daughter in Murphy's tragedy of that name. She is the daughter of Evan- der, a king of Sicily, who is imprisoned and starved by the Eunapius (u-nā'pi-us). [Gr. Εὐνάπιος.] Born at Sardis, 347 A. D. A Greek sophist. He was a pupil of Proæresius of Athens, where he lived during the later part of his life. He was a Neo plat on ist and a violent opponent of Christianity. He appears to have lived till the reign of the emperor Theodosius the younger. He wrote "Lives of Philosophers and Sophists," still extant. Eunice (u'nis). [Gr. Εὐνίκη , happily victorious.] The mother of Timothy (2 Tim. i. 5). Eunomia (u-no'mi-ä). [Gr. Εὐνομία.] 1. In Greek mythology, one of the Horse.-2. An as- teroid (No. 15) discovered by De Gas paris at Eunomians (u-no'mi-anz). The followers of Eunomius. See Eunomius . Eunomius (ū-no'mi-us). [Gr. Εὐνόμιος .] Born at Dacora, Cappadocia: died there, about 392. Bishop of Cyzicus and leader of the Anomœans or Eunomians. He was a pupil of Aëtius, and an extreme Arian. His chief work is an "Apology" (English transla- tion by Whiston, 1711). See Aëtius . Eupatoria (ū-pa-tō'ri-ä), or Kosloff (kos-lov'). A seaport in the Crimea, in the government of Taurida, Ru ia, situated on Kalam it a Bay miles north of Sevastopol. It was occupied by the Allies in 1854-56, and was unsucce fully attacked by the Ru ians Feb. 17, 1855. Population (1886), 16,940. Eupatridæ (u-pat'ri-dē), The. [Gr. Εὐπατρίδαι , the well-born.] The land-owning aristocracy in ancient Athens (Attica), as distinguished from the Geomori or peasants, and the Demiurgi or artisans. On the abolition of royalty they found themselves in exclusive po e ion of political rights, which were gradually curtailed, notably by Solon (594 B. c.) and Cleisthenes (509 B. C.), until in the time of Pericles Athens was transformed into a pure democracy. Eure. A river of northern France which joins the Seine 10 miles south of Rouen. Length, about 120 miles. Eure-et-Loir (er'ā-lwär'). A department of France, capital Chart res, formed from parts of the ancient Orléanais, Perche, and Normandy. Its boundaries are Eure on the north, Seine-et-Oise on the the south, and Orne on the west. It has been called "the granary of France." Area, 2,267 square miles. Population (1891), 284,683. Eureka (ü-re'kä). The county-seat of Eureka County, Nevada, situated about lat. 39° 30′ Ν., long. 116° W. It has silver and lead-mines. Population (1890), 1,609. Eureka. A seaport city, the capital of Hum- boldt County, California, situated on Humboldt Bay in lat. 40° 48′ N., long. 124° 10' W. Pop- ulation (1890), 4,858. has its origin in the Armenian mountains. It is formed from the East Euphrates (Murad-Su), which rises northeast of Erzerum, and a branch rising northwest of Lake Van. The united river then makes a wide circuit westward, breaks through the mountain-chain of the Tau- rus, enters the terrace region at the modern Birejik, and turns in a meandering course toward the Tigris. In the neighborhood of Bagdad these two rivers approach one another, and there the Babylonian canal-system begins. In its lower course, below Babylon, the Euphrates has changed its bed, shifting more and more westward. Ac- cording to notices in cla ical authors, confirmed by the inscriptions, it came in ancient time nearer Sippara (Sepharvaim, modern Abu-Habba) and Uruk (modern Warka) than now; and it did not empty into the sea, united with the Tigris, through the Shatt el-Arab, as at present. As late as the time of Sennacherib (705-681 B. c.) and his succe ors, the twin rivers flowed separately into the Persian Gulf, which extended then at least as far as Corna. Babylon has been rightly termed "the gift of Eu- phrates and Tigris." The soil is formed from the alluvial deposits of these rivers, and this formation still continues. During the winter months the Euphrates has but little Maced on i an court (according to doubtful tradition being in its bed; but in the spring, and especially toward the summer solstice, it swells by the melting of the snow of the mountains, which often causes disastrous floods. In Gen. ii. 14 the Euphrates is mentioned as one of the four rivers of paradise. Euphronius (ū-frō'ni-us). In Shakspere's "An- tony and Cleopatra," an amba ador from An- Euphrosyne (u-fros'i-ne). [Gr. Εὐφροσύνη , mirth.] 1. In Greek mythology, one of the three Charites or Graces.-2. An asteroid (No. 31) discovered by Ferguson at Washington, Sept. 2, 1854. Euphues (ü'fū-ēz), or the Anatomy of Wit. [Gr. Ευφυής , well-grown, goodly.] A novel by John Lyly, published in 1578-79. This book and its succe or, "Euphues and his England," pub- lished 1580-81, brought into prominence and into further use the affected jargon, full of conceits and extravagances, used by the gallants of Elizabeth's court. Euphues is an A then i an youth who embodies the qualities implied in his name. He is elegant, handsome, amorous, and roving. "Rosalynde, or or Euphues' Golden Legacy " is a similar novel Euphues, his Censure to Philautus, etc. A pamphlet by Robert Greene, published in 1587, and intended as a continuation of Lyly's "Eu- phues." Euphues Shadow, the Battaile of the Senses. A pamphlet by Thomas Lodge, edited by Greene and published in 1592. Eupolis (upō-lis). [Gr. Εύπολις.] An Athe- nian comic poet (born 449 B. c.), a contemporary and rival of Aris toph anes. He is said to have been drowned in the battle of Cyno ema, 411 в. с. That he [Eupolis] was brilliant in his wit, and refined in his style, is plain from the fact that he co-operated with Aris toph anes in his "Knights," of which the last parabasis, beginning from v. 1290, is recorded by the scholiast to have been his composition. He afterwards may have quarrelled with Aris toph anes, for they satirised one another In style and in genius he stood nearest to his great rival, and his comedies seem to have po e ed most, if not all, of the features which make the Aristophanic comedy so peculiar in literature. Mahaffy, Hist. of Cla ical Greek Lit., I. 430. Eupompus (u-pom'pus). [Gr. Εὐπομπος.] Born at Sicyon: lived in the 4th century B. с. А Greek painter, founder of the so-called Sicyo- nian school of painting. The work of Eupompus and his succe or Pamphilus was to introduce the charac- teristics of Doric sculpture into painting. Euphemia (u-fe'mi-ä). [Gr. Εὐφήμια , of good re- port ; F. Euphémie , It. Sp. Pg. Eufemia .] A fe- male name. Euphorbus (u-fôr'bus). [Gr. Εὔφορβος .] In Greek mythology, a brave Trojan, son of Pan- Asia.] The continental ma made up of Eu- rope and Asia: not generally recognized as a geographical designation. Eure (er). A department of France, capital Evreux, forming part of the old province of Normandy. It is bounded by Seine-Inférieure on the Europe Tanais. The interior of Spain, Gaul, and the countries north of the Alps were opened only through the Roman conquests. Scand in a via and northern Sarmatia remained in obscurity throughout antiquity. From a geographical point of view Europe is a large peninsula, sent forth by Asia to the west. It is a grand division of the globe, not so much from its large extent as from its having long been contrary to the emperor's command, to give up some documents intrusted to him proving the election of Meletius as bishop of Antioch, which were demanded by the Arians for the purpose of annulling the election. He was banished about 371, but was restored in 378. He was killed by an Arian who threw a stone at him from the roof of house. graphical conditions also gave it an advantage over the other parts of the globe. It is characterized by a certain symmetry and proportion, and by a rich variety of geological, geographical, and climatic conditions. Europe, as a geographical term, not improbably desig. nated at first merely the plain of Thebes. Taylor , The Alphabet, II. 19, note. 2. A province of the later Roman Empire, immediately about Constantinople. Freeman. Eurotas (u-rō'tas). [Gr. Εὐρώτας , prob. 'black river.'] In ancient geography, a river of Laconia, Greece, flowing into the Mediterranean 25 miles southeast of Sparta: the modern Iri or Iris. Length, about 45 miles. Eurus (u'rus). [L. Eurus , Gr. Εύρος , the east wind, connected with ἕως, ἠώς, L. Aurora, the dawn.] The east wind. Euryanthe (u-ri-an'th (u-ri-an'the). An opera by Weber, first produced at Vienna in 1823. Eurybiades (ū-ri-bia-dēz). (u-ri-bia- The leader of the Spartan naval contingent, and nominal commander of the united fleet of the allied Greek states, in the defensive campaign in 480 B. C. against the Persians, whom he defeated in the battles of Artemisium and Salamis. Eurydice (ū-rid'i-sē). [Gr. Εύρυδίκη .] In Greek mythology, the wife of Orpheus. She died from the bite of a serpent, whereupon Orpheus descended into Hades, and by the charms of his lyre persuaded Pluto to restore her to life. He did this on condition that she should walk behind her husband, who should not look back until both had arrived in the upper world. Orpheus, overcome by anxiety, looked round only to behold her caught back into the infernal regions. Eurydice. 1. Wife of Amyntas II., king of Macedonia, and mother of Philip.-2. A Maced on i an prince , granddaughter of Perdiccas