Toulon

(too-lawn(g',) a fortified seaport and naval arsenal of France, dept. Var, at the head of a noble harbor of the Mediterranean, 32 miles E.S.E. of Marseille. The arsenal and dockyard here are not surpa ed by any in Europe. The Bagne, or penal establishment, is occupied by criminals condemned to hard labor. This place was retaken by the Republican army from the English and Spaniards, 1793, during which siege the military genius of Bonaparte (afterward Napoleon I.) was first notably manifested. Pop. 77,126. [s. 902]