Ashes

"To great Laèrtes I bequeath A task of grief, his ornaments of death; Lest, when the fates his royal ashes claim, The Grecian matrens taint my spotle name."-Pope. -In common language, ashes is always used in its plural form, but the singular, ash , seems to be generally adopted by modern chemists. lin co., 40 m. N.W. of Springfield. It is a large place, and the seat of considerable trade. Ash Flat, in Arkansas , a post-office of Lawrence co. Ash'ford, a town and par. of England, co. of Kent, 47 m. E.S.E. of London; pop . 7,215. Ashford, in Connecticut , a post-township of Windham co. It is noted for its tanneries. Ash'ford, in New York, a post-township of Cat tar aug us co., 35 m. S.S.E. of Buffalo. Ash'ford, in Wisconsin , a post-township of Fond du Lac co., 14 m. S.S. E. of Fond du Lac. Ash Grove, in Illinois , a post-township of Iroquois co., 65 m. E.N.E. of Blooming ton. -A township of Shelby со. Ash Grove, in Indiana , a post-office of Tippecanoe co. Ash Grove, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Greene co. Aship'pun, in Wisconsin , a post-township of Dodge county, 25 m. N. W. of the city of Milwaukee, on Rock river. Ashi'ra Land, a country of W. Africa, bordering on Ashango Land, in Lat. 1° 44′ 22" S.; Lon. 10° 30′ 34′′. Discovered in 1863 by Du Chaillu. Its inhabitants are savages of the purest Negro type. Ashkenaz, one of the three sons of Gomer, son of Japhet ( Gen. x. 3), i. e., one of the peoples or tribes be- longing to that part of the Japhetic division of the hu- man race which bears the name of Gomer. The original site of the people of A. was in the neighborhood of Arme- nia ( Jer . li. 27), and we may perhaps recognize the tribe of A. on the N. shore of Asia Minor, in the name of Lake As can i us, and in Europe in the name of Scand -ia, Scan- dinavia. Knobel regards A. as a compound, Ash - kenaz , i. e. the As -race, perhaps the origin of the name Asia. (Chem.) When any part of an organized body, vegeta- ble or animal, is burned with free acce of air, part of it is resolved into volatile compounds, while the other, and generally the smaller portion, is left as in combust i- ble residue or ash. This residue may contain the fol- lowing elements: -Basic . Pota ium, sodium, calcium, barium, iron, magnesium, manganese, aluminium, cop- per, zinc.- Acid . Chlorine, bromine, iodine, phosphorus (as phosphoric acid), sulphur (chiefly as sulphuric acid), Filicon (as silicic acid), carbon (as carbonic acid, and oc- 65 m. E. by S. of Indianapolis. cas i on ally as cyanogen). These substances are the so- -A post-village of Henry co., 3 m. E. by S. of Newcastle. called inorganic or mineral constituents of the vegetable -A village of Wabash co., 48 m. S. W. of Fort Wayne. or animal structure; they are e ential to its existence, Ash'land, in Iowa , a village of Wapello co., 72 m. Ash'kum, in Illinois , a post-village of Iroquois co., 73 m. S. by W. from Chicago. Ash'land, in Illinois , a town of Ca co., 16 m. N. E. of Jacksonville. Pop . (1890) 1,015. and are a ociated with the organic matter in certain definite forms, not nece arily the same as those which they a ume in the ash. The inorganic constituents Ash'land, in Indiana , a thriving village of Fayette co., S. W. of Iowa City. Ash'land, in Kansas, a post-village, cap. of Clark co., on A., T. &. S. Fé R.R., 40 m. S. by W. of Dodge City. Ash'land, in Ohio , a N.E. co., watered by the Black Fork and Lake Fork. Its soil is highly fertile. Area , 390 sq. m. Pop . (1890) 22,223.-Cap., Ashland, situated 85 m. N.N.E. of Columbus; poр . (1890) 3,566. Ash'land, in Pennsylvania, a township of Clarion co. -A thriving city of Schuylkill county, in the midst of a rich anthracite region. Pop . (1890), 7,346. -A village of Wayne co., 170 m. N.E. of Harris burg. Ash'land, in Virginia, a post-village of Hanover co., about 16 m. N.W. of Richmond. Ash'land, in Wisconsin, a thriving city, cap. of Ashland co. on Chaquamegon Bay, Lake Superior. Pop . (1890), 9,956; in 1897 est. at 12,500. Ash'land City, in Tenne ee, a township of Cheatham county. -A vill. of Wayne co., abt. 76 m. N.W. of Nashville. Ash'land Mills, in Oregon , a post-office of Jackson co., in Ashland township, now called OREGON. Ash'lar, ASH'LER, n. [It. asciare , to cut or hew smooth with an axe, from asce , an axe.] (Masonry.) The name given to common or free-stones, as they come from the quarry, of various sizes. Also the facing or squared stones on the front of a building. When the work is smoothed or rubbed, so as to take out the marks of the tools by which the stones were cut, it is called plane A. Tooled A. is understood to be that, the surface of which is wrought in a regular manner like parallel flutes, and placed perpendicularly in the building; but when the surfaces of the stones are cut with a broad tool, without care or regularity, the work is said to be random -tooled; when wrought with a narrow tool, it is said to be chiselled , or boasted ; and when the surfaces of the stones are cut with very narrow tools, the A. is said to be pointed ; when the stones project from the joints, the A. is said to be rusticated ; in this kind, the faces may either have a smooth or broken surface. Ash'laring, and Ash'lering, n. ( Arch . and Mason ry.) In Nicholson's Architectural Dictionary , the word ashlaring is used to signify the operation of bedding the slabs of stone employed for facing brick or rubble walls; and ashlering, as a technical term in carpentry, for the short pieces of upright quartering used in garrets to cut off the acute angle between the floor and the sloping rafters of the roof.