Oct

24, 1862. Buena Vista (bwa'nä vēs'tä). [Sp., 'good view.'] A place in the state of Coahuila, Mexico, 6 miles south of Saltillo. Here, Feb. 22-23, 1847, 5,000 Americans under General Taylor defeated 15,000 Mexicans under Santa Anna. Lo of Americans, 746; of Mexicans, about 2,000. Buen Ayre (bwan i'rā), or Bonaire (bō-nar). [Sp. and F. respectively, 'good air.'] An island teur. Buffon (bü-fon'), Comte de (Georges Louis Leclerc). Born at Montbard, Côte-d'Or, France, Sept. 7, 1707: died at Paris, April 16, 1788. A celebrated French naturalist. He was the son of M. Leclerc de Buffon, a counselor of the parliament of Bourgogne, from whom he inherited a competent fortune. About the age of nineteen he traveled in Italy in company with Lord Kingston, and in 1740 published a translation of Newton's "Treatise on Fluxions." He was elected a member of the Academy of Sciences at Paris in 1739, and in the same year was appointed director of the Jardin du Roi, the present Jardin des Plantes. His chief work is the "His to ire naturelle, générale et particulière, avec la description du cabinet du roi," the first three volumes of which were published in 1749. The first volume contained "La théorie de la terre" and "Le systeme sur la formation des planètes"; the second, "L'His to ire gé nérale des animaux" and "L'His to ire particulière de l'homme"; the third, a "Description du cabinet du roi" (by Daubenton) and a chapter on "Les var iétés de l'espece humaine The next twelve volumes (1755-67) dealt with the history of quadrupeds. Subsequently he published in ten volumes "L'His to ire naturelle des oiseaux et des minéraux" (1771-86), besides seven volumes of "Suppléments" (1774-89). The most striking of these is the fifth volume, "Les époques de la nature" (1779). Lacépède completed Buffon's work from his notes by publishing a volume, "Les serpents," in 1789. The credit for the six volumes on "Les poi ons et les cétacés" (1799-1804) belongs to Lacépède alone. When Buffon was admitted to the French Academy in 1753, he delivered as his in augural addre the famous "Discours sur le style." Buffone (böf-fō'ne), Carlo. An impudent gluttonous jester in Ben Jonson's "Every Man out of his Humour." He is identified with Marston by some critics others think he is meant for Dekker. Buffoon, Sir Hercules. See Sir Hercules Buf foon , under Lacy , John. Bug (bög), or Bog. A river in the governments of Podolia and Kherson, Ru ia, which joins son: the ancient Hypanis. Length, about 400 miles. Navigable from Voznesensk. in the Dutch West Indies, situated north of the liman of the Dnieper 30 miles west of Kher- Venezuela, in lat. 12° 15′ N., long. 68° 27′ W. Area, 129 square miles. Population (1892), 4,900. reign was reckoned as the 257th from the death of Buddha, Hence it is inferred that Buddha died between 482 and Buende (bwan'de), or Ba-Buende (bä-bwān'- 472 B. C. It being agreed that he lived to be eighty, he de). See Kongo language . was born between 562 and 552 B. C. The Buddhist narra- Bueno da Silva (bwa'no dä selvä), Bartholo- tives of his life are overgrown with legend and myth, meu, called Anhanguera. Born in São Paulo Oldenberg finds in the most ancient traditions those of Ceylon-at least definite historical outlines. Siddhartha, as Buddha was called before entering upon his great mi ion, was born in the country and tribe of the Sakhyas, at the foot of the Nepalese Him a lay as. His father, Suddhodana, was rather a great and wealthy landowner than a kingsal He pa ed his youth in opulence at Kapila vastu, the Sakhya capital. was married and a son Rahula, who became a member of his order. At the age of twenty-nine he left parents, wife, and only son for about 1635: died there about 1695. A Brazilian explorer. In 1682, at the head of a party in search of Indian slaves and mines, he penetrated to Goyaz, and prob. ably beyond the Araguaya, bringing the first definite acaccount of these regions. Bueno da Silva, Bartholomeu. Born in São Paulo, 1670: died in Goyaz, Sept. 19, 1740. Son of the preceding. He was with his father in the exploration of 1682, and in 1722 was sent by the governor of Buges. A rivieroses in Galicia and joins the Vistula in Ru ian Poland, 17 miles northwest of Warsaw. Length, about 500 miles. Bugeaud de la Piconnerie (bü-zhő dè lë pëkon-re'), Thomas Robert, Due d'Isly. Born at Limoges, France, Oct. 15, 1784: died at Paris, June 10, 1849. A marshal of France, and military writer. He served in Africa 1836-47; was gov ern or of Algeria 1840; and gained the victory of Isly, Morocco, Aug. 14, 1844. Bugenhagen (bö'gen-hä'gen), Johann, sur named Pomeranus, or Dr. Pommer. Born at Wollin, Pomerania, Germany, June 24, 1485: died at Wittenberg, Germany, April 20, 1558. A Ger The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names Eastern Rumelia, with Sofia as capital. The old capital was Tirnova. The government is a constitutional mon- archy, under a prince and legislative chamber (Sobranje). The inhabitants are Bulgarians, Turks, etc. Bulgaria was included in the ancient Mesia and Thracia, and formed part of the Roman Empire. It was colonized about the 6th century by Bulgarians (a Slavicized Finnish (?) people). There were three Bulgarian kingdoms succe ively in the middle ages, and about the 10th century, and again in the 13th century, the kingdom had a wide extent. It was overthrown by the Turks about the end of the 14th cen- tury. cent Ru o-Turkish wars. It was constituted a princi- pality by the treaty of San Stefano and the Congre of Berlin (1878), and Prince Alexander of Batten berg was in- stalled in 1879. A union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria was effected in 1885. A war with Servia occurred in 1885, which resulted in favor of Bulgaria. Prince Alexander resigned in 1886, and Prince Ferdinand of Coburg was Bulgaria, Black. Same as Bulgaria . Bulgaria, Great or White. A former name of the region between the Kama and Volga, which was occupied by Bulgarians. Bugres (bö'grez). A name commonly given in Brazil to the Botocudos and other savage In- dians. It is also applied to howling monkeys, and is Bulgarians (bul-ga'ri-anz). See Bulgaria . Bukharest, Treaty of. A treaty concluded May 28, 1812. It put an end to the war which had been carried on between Ru ia and Turkey since 1806, and established the Pruth and the Lower Danube as the boundary between the two countries. Bukhtarma (bökh-tär'mä). A tributary of the Irtish, in southern Siberia. Bulgarin (böl-ga'rin), Thad Lithuania, 1789: died at Dorpat, Ru ia, Sept. 13, 1859. A Ru ian novelist, journalist, and general writer. His chief work is the novel Bulgars. See Bulgarians . Bulgarus (bul-ga'rus). Born at Bologna, Italy, in the 11th century: died 1166. An Italian jurist, one of the "Four Doctors" of Bologna. His chief work is a commentary, "De regulis Bulkley, or Bulkeley (bulk'li), Peter. Born at Odell, Bedford shire, England, Jan. 3 Jan. 31, 1583: died at Concord, Ma ., March 9, 1659. An Anglo- American clergyman. He removed from England to Cambridge, Ma achusetts, 1635, and in the following year founded the settlement of Concord, Ma achusetts. Bull (bul), John. Born in Somersets hire, Eng- IMG:content-0235.png:[blocks in formation] 13, 1628. An English composer and organist. The song "God save the King" was wrongly attributed to him. Bull, John. See John Bull . Bull (böl), Ole Bornemann. Born at Bergen, Norway, Feb. 5, 1810: died near Bergen, Aug. 17, 1880. A Norwegian violinist and composer. From about 1831, when he went to Paris and developed his powers under the influence of Pagan in i, he traveled from one city to another till the year of his death, playing with great succe . He came five times to America be Bull, A Young. A famous painting by Paul Potter, in the Royal Gallery at The Hague, Holland. It is a large canvas, with strong light effects and some deficiency in half-tones. The bull is grouped under a tree with a cow, a ram, a sheep, a lamb, and a herdsman, with animals in the distant landscape. Bull, The. See Taurus . Bullant (bü-lon'), Jean. Born about 1515, probably at Ecouen: died Oct. 10, 1578. A French architect. Of his early career nothing is known. After 1570 he became architect of the Tuileries, and erected the pavilion called by his name. In the same year he succeeded Primatic cio at Fontainebleau. Bukowina (bö-kō-vē'nä). A duchy and crown- land of the Cisleithan division of Austria-Hun- gary. Capital, Czernowitz. It is bounded by Galicia on the north, Moldavia east and south, and Transylvania, Fribourg, Switzerland, 13 miles south by west Hungary proper, and Galicia west. It is occupied in great of Fribourg: the chief place in Gruyère. Bullcalf (bül'käf). A recruit in Shakspere's "Henry IV.," part 2. Bulle (bül). A small town in the canton of Bullet (bi-la'), Pierre. Born 1639: died 1716. A French architect, a pupil of François Blondel. Bulwer, Edward George Earle Lytton, first Baron Lytton. See Lytton . Bulwer (bul'wer), John. Lived about 1654. An English physician. He wrote a treatise on dac- He constructed, after the plans of his master, the Porte in Sheridan's "School for Scandal." Saint Denis, and built on his own designs the Porte Saint Bumpo, or Bumppo (bum'po), Natty. See Martin (1674). He also built the porch of the Church of Leather stocking . Saint Thomas d'Aquin, and made the decorations of two Bunce (buns), John. A pirate in Scott's novel Bullinger (böl'ing-er), He in rich. Born at "The Pirate." He had been a strolling player, Bremgarten, Aargau, Switzerland, July 18, 1504: and had a umed the name of Frederick Alta- died at Zurich, Switzerland, Sept. 17, 1575. A mont. Swi Reformer and historian, succe or of Zwingli at Zurich. Bullom (bö-lom'). A small and waning tribe north of Sierra Leone, West Africa. language has preserved many elements of Bantu grammar. The Mampua dialect of Bullom, spoken at Sherbro, south of Free town, forms a link with the stronger Timne. Bull Run (bul run). A small river in eastern Virginia, which joins the Occoquan (a tributary of the Potomac) 25 miles southwest of Washing- ton. Near it occurred two battles in the American Civil War. ( a ) The Confederates under the immediate command of Beau regard (about 31,000) defeated the Federals under McDowell (about 28,000), July 21, 1861. Lo of Federals, 2,952; of Confederates, 1,752. Called by Confederates the first battle of Mana as. (b) The Confederates under Lee (about 46.000) defeated the Federals under Pope (about 35,000), Aug. 29-30, 1862. Lo of Federals, about 15,000 (?); of Confederates, 8,400. Called by the Confeder- ates the second battle of Mana as. The battle of Aug. 29 is sometimes styled the battle of Grovet on. surface north of the Balkans is chiefly a plain. The prin cipality is composed of Bulgaria (as formed in 1878) and in 1715. IMG:content-0236.png:[blocks in formation] Bunch, Mother. A derisive name given by Tucca to Mistre Miniver, an alewife, in Dek- ker's "Satiro-mastix." The name was used for the hypothetical author of various books of jests in 1604 and 1700, and "Mother Bunch's Fairy Tales" are well known. Buncle, John. See John Buncle . Bundahish (bön'dä-hesh). ['The beginning of the creation.'] A Pahlavi theological work, treating of cosmogony, the government of the world, and eschatology, as understood by the IMG:content-0237.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0238.png:[blocks in formation] Bundschuh. See Peasants ' War. Bungay (bung'gā), Friar. A famous conjurer of Edward IV.'s time, who appears as Friar Bacon's a istant in "The Old History of Friar Bacon" and in Greene's "Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay." Bulwer introduces Friar Bungay, a union of necromancer, merry-andrew, and friar, in his novel "The Last the Barons." Bungen (böng'en). The name of a street in Hamelin down which the Pied Piper enticed the children with his music. It is said that no music is allowed to be played in the street to this day. See Hameln , Pied Piper of . Bunhill Fields (bun'hil feldz). A burial-ground Burgh, Hubert de (1811), and later (1814) at Königsberg. He wrote "Vom Bau und Leben des Gehirns und Rückenmarks" (1819-25), "Die Physio logie als Erf ah rung swi ens chaft " (1826-40), etc. Burdekin (bėr'de-kin). A river in Queensland, Australia, which flows into Upstart Bay, Pa of Silesia, Pru ia, situated on the Bober 25 miles west-northwest of Liegnitz: noted for its brown pottery. Population (1890), commune, 12,921. Buol-Schauenstein (böʻōl-shou'en-stin), Count cific Ocean, in lat. 19° 40′ S., long. 147° 30′ E. Karl Ferdinand von. Born May 1797: Length, about 350 miles. died at Vienna, Oct. 28, 1865. An Austrian Burden (berden), Henry. Born at Dunblane, statesman and diplomatist, premier and min- Scotland, April 20, 1791: died at Troy, N. Y., for di enters, situated near Finsbury Square, London, opened in 1665, closed in 1850. It is now a public garden. Bunyan and Defoe are buried there. Dickens's Dict. ister of foreign affairs 1852-59. Buonaccorso. See Accorso . Buonafede (bö-ō-nä-fa'de), onafede (bö-ō-nä-fa'de), Appiano. Born at Comacchio, in Ferrara, Italy, Jan. 4, 1716: died at Rome, Dec. 17, 1793. An Italian historian of philosophy, profe or of theology at Naples. Americans under Pre scott, a isted by Putnam and Stark. The lo of the British was about 1,050; that of the Americans, about 450, including Warren. Bunker Hill Monument. A monument at Charles town, Ma achusetts, dedicated June 17, 1843, the sixty-eighth anniversary of the famous Revolutionary battle. It is a quadrangular tapering tower of granite, 221 feet high, built in the Bunner (bun'er), Henry Cuyler. Born at Oswego, N. Y., Aug. 3, 1855: died at Nutley, N. J., May 11, 1896. An American writer, editor of "Puck" 1877-96. He published "Airs from Arcady" (1884), "Zadoc Pine, and Other Stories," "The Midge," two series of "Short Sixes," etc. form an obelisk, with an obtusely pyramidal apex. Bunsen (bön'zen), Christian Karl Josias, Baron von, sometimes styled Chevalier Bunsen. Born at Corbach, Waldeck, Germany, Aug. 25, 1791: died at Bonn, Pru ia, Nov. 28, 1860. A distinguished German scholar and diplomatist. He was secretary of legation, chargé d'affaires, and minister at Rome 1818-38, and minister to Switzerland 1839-41, and to England 1841-54. He wrote "Egyptens Stelle in der Weltgeschichte" (1845, "Egypt's Place in Universal History"), "Die Basiliken des christ lichen Rom" (1843), "Ignatius von Antiochien" (1847), "Hippolytus und seine Zeit" (1852-53, "Hippolytus and his Age," 1851), "Die Zeichen der Zeit" (1855, "Signs of the Times," 1855-56), "Gott in der Geschichte" (1857-58, "God in History "), "Bibelwerk für die Gemeinde" (1858 1870), "Die Verfa ung der Kirche der Zukunft" (1845, "The Constitution of the Church of the Future"). Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm. Born at Göttingen, Germany, March 31, 1811. A noted German chemist, profe or of chemistry at Heidelberg since 1852. He is best known from his researches in spectrum analysis (with Kirchhoff, 1860), and is the inventor of the "Bunsen burner," "Bunsen pump," "Bunsen battery," etc. He discovered the metals cæsium and rubidium. Bunthorne (bun'thôrn). An extremely commonplace youth in Gilbert and Sullivan's opera "Patience," who adopts the most extravagantly esthetic and lackadaisical style in order to please the ladies: a satire on a folly of the day. Bunting (bun'ting). The name of the Pied Piper in the legend of that name. See Hameln , Pied Piper of . Bunting, Jabez. Born at Manchester, England, May 13, 1779: died at London, June 16, 1858. An eminent clergyman of the English Wesley an Church. He was received into full connection with the ministry in 1803; became senior secretary of the Mi ionary Society in 1833; and was president of the Theological Institute 1884-8th established the principle a ociating laymen with the clergy in management of the Wesley an Church. Bunyan (bun'yan), John. Born at Elstow, near Bedford, England: baptized Nov. 30, 1628: died at London, Aug. 31, 1688. A celebrated English writer. He was the son of a tinker; received a meager education; adopted his father's trade; served as a soldier, probably in the Parliamentary army, from 1644 to 1646; and married in 1648 or 1649. In 1653 he joined a nonconformist body at Bedford, whither be removed prob He was appointed a preacher by his ligionists in 1657, and as such traveled throughout all the midland counties. He was arrested in 1660 at Lower Samsell by Harling ton, near Bedford, under the statutes against nonconformists, and, with a brief interval in 1666, was tained in prison at Bedford until 1672, when those statutes were suspended by Charles II. He was licensed to preach by the crown May 9, 1672, and during the remainder of his life was pastor of the nonconformist congregation at Bedford. During his imprisonment he wrote part of his celebrated allegory "The Pilgrim's Progre ," which appeared in 1678 (second part 1684). A complete collection of his writings, edited by Samuel Wilson, appeared in 1736, and contains, besides "The Pilgrim's Progre ," a number of works, including "Grace Abounding, etc.," "The Holy War," and "Life and Death of Mr. Badman."