Sley

See Schlei. a regiment at the first battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. He was made a brigadier-general of volunteers in the same year, and served with distinction in the Peninsular campaign. He was promoted major-general of volunteers in 1862, and engaged in the battles of Bull Run (Aug. 29-30, 1862), South Mountain, Antietam, Fred ericks burg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg (where he commanded the right wing of the army). He commanded the left wing of the army in Sherman's march to the sea and his invasion of the Carol in as 1864-65. He resigned from the army in Sept., 1865, and resumed the practice of law in Brooklyn, New York. He was a Democratic member of Congre from New York 1869-73. Slop (slop), Doctor. In Sterne's novel "Tristram Shandy," Mrs. Shandy's attendant physician, who breaks Tristram's nose at his birth. He is described as having "a breadth of back and a ses quipedality of belly which might have done honour to a serjeant in the Horse-Guards. Sloper (slō'per), Mace. A pseudonym of Charles Godfrey Leland. Slote (slot), Hon, Bard well. In B. E. Woolf's play "The Mighty Dollar," a character created by W. J. Florence: a caricature of the American April 11, 1722: died at London, May 18, 1770 or 1771. An English poet. He entered Cambridge (Pembroke Hall) in 1739, and was elected fellow in 1745. He became a hack writer, and, his mind giving way, he died in the rules of the King's Bench. In the intervals of a fit of insanity he wrote the poem "A Song to David," published in 1763, which was omitted from his collected works and has been discovered quite recently. He also wrote "The Hilliad," a poetical translation of Phædrus (1765), a prose translation of Horace, and metrical ver. sions of the psalms and parables. Smart, Sir George Thomas Born at London, May 10, 1776: died there, Feb. 23, 1867. An English musical conductor, instructor, and com poser. He was appointed organist of the Chapel Royal in 1822, and composer in 1838. He was the first to produce Mendel ohn's "St. Paul" in England, and was in great repute as a conductor of musical festivals in all parts of country (1823-40), He edited Gibbon's "Madrigals" and the "Dettingen Te Deum," and published sev. eral volumes of glees, anthems, etc. Smart, Henry, Born at London, Oct. 26, 1813: died July 6, 1879. An English musician and composer: nephew of Sir G. T. Smart, and son Smart, Henry of Henry Smart (1778-1823), a conductor and manufacturer of pianofortes. He was organist in various London churches (at St. Luke's (1844-64), and at St. Pancras in 1864, when he became blind and was obliged to dictate his compositions). His church music and part songs are best known. He also wrote an opera "Bertha, or the Gnome of Hartzburg" (1855), and several cantatas, "The Bride of Dunker ron" (1864), "King René's Daugh ter," "The Fisher Maidens" (1871), and "Jacob" (1873). Smart as (smärtaz), or Smarta Brahmans. One of the three principal cla es into which the Hindus proper of the present day may be divided as to religion, the other two being the Shaivas and the Vaishnavas. The Smart as believe that man's spirit is identical with the one Spirit, which is the e ence of the universe and only cognizable through meditation and self-communion. They believe also in the three personal Brahma, Shiva, and Vishnu, with their subordinate deities, but only as coequal manifest a. reabsorbed into that Spirit. They are followers of Shankara (which see). Smeaton (smē'ton), John. Born at A us thorpe, near Leeds, England, June 8, 1724: died at A us thorpe, Oct. 28, 1792. An English civil engineer. He rebuilt the Eddy stone Lighthouse, and built various canals, bridges, etc. Smectymnuus (smek-tim'nū-us). The profe ed author of a controversial tract against episcopacy, written in the middle of the 17th century in answer to Bishop Hall. The name is a sort of acrostic made up from the initials of the names of the authors: Stephen Marshall, Edmund Calamy, Thomas Young, Matthew Newcomen, William Spurstow. Smedley (smed'li), Francis Edward. Bornat Marlow in 1818: died at London, May 1, 1864. An English novelist, editor for a time of "Sharpe's London Magazine." He wrote "Frank Fairleigh" (1850), "Lewis Arundel" (1852), and "Harry Cover dale's Courtship" (1854). His books were illustrated by Cruikshank and "Phiz." Smillie, James D. Born at New York, June 16, 1833. An American landscape-painter, son of James Smillie the engraver, who educated him in that profe ion. He was made a member of the National Academy in 1876. Smintheus (smin'thus). [Gr. Σμινθεύς .] In Greek mythology, a surname of Apollo. The very name, Smintheus, by which his favourite priest calls on him in the "Iliad" (i. 39), might be rendered "Mouse Apollo," or "Apollo, Lord of Mice." As we shall see later, mice lived beneath the altar, and were fed in the holy of holies of the god, and an image of a mouse was placed beside or upon his sacred tripod. Lang , Custom and Myth, p. 103. Smirke (smèrk), Robert. Born near Car lisle, England, 1752: died at London, Jan. 5, 1845. An English historical painter and illustrator. Smirke, Sir Robert. Born at London, 1780: died at Cheltenham, April 18, 1867. An English architect, son of Robert Smirke. He designed the British Museum. Smirke, Sydney. Born 1799: died Dec. 11,1877. An English architect, brother of Sir Robert Smirke. He succeeded his brother as architect to the British Museum in 1847. Smith (smith), Adam. Born at Kirkcaldy, Fifes hire, Scotland, June 5,1723: died at Edinburgh, July 17, 1790. A celebrated Scottish political economist. He was educated at Glasgow and Oxford, and in 1748 became lecturer on rhetoric and belles-lettres at Edinburgh. He accepted in 1751 the chair of logic at Glasgow, which he exchanged for that of moral philosophy in the same university in 1752. In 1763 he resigned his profe orship in order to travel on the Continent as tutor of the young duke of Buccleuch (1764-66), and afterward lived for a time in studious retirement at Kirkcaldy. He became commi ioner of customs at Edinburgh in 1778; and was elected lord rector of the University of Glasgow in 1787. His chief works are "Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations" (1776) and "Theory of Moral Sentiments" (1759). S Smith, Alexander. Born at Kilmarnock, Scot Smellie (smel'i), William. Born at Edinburgh in 1740: died there, June 24, 1795. A Scottish printer and author. He edited the first edition of the "Encyclopædia Britannica" (1768-71), and is understood to have been largely responsible for the plan of that work and to have been the principal compiler. He also wrote "Philosophy of Natural History" (1790-99). Smerdis (smér'dis), or Bardija. Killed about 523 в. с. The brother of Cambyses of Persia, by whose orders he was put to death. Smerdis, Pseudo-, or the False Smerdis. Killed 521 в. с. А Magian and Mede who claimed to be Smerdis and usurped the throne of Persia 522-521 в. с. IMG:content-0915.png:[blocks in formation] 1892, and since that time Smetana's name has been widely Smethwick (smeth'ik). A town in Staff ords hire, Eng., 3 miles west of Birmingham. It has various manufactures. Population (1891), 36,170. Smike (smik). In Dickens's "Nicholas Nickle by," a poor homele persecuted boy, abused by Squeers, afterward befriended by Nicholas known outside of Bohemia. He died insane. Nickle by's son. Nickle by, and finally discovered to be Ralph Smiles (smilz), Samuel. Born at Hadding ton, Scotland, 1812. A Scottish miscellaneous wri ter. He graduated in medicine at Edinburgh at the age of 20; but, after having practised at Hadding ton and Leeds, abandoned the medical profe ion in order to become of the "Leeds Times." He was secretary of the Leeds and Thirsk Railway Company 1845-54, and of the South-Eastern Railway 1854-66. His works include "History of Ireland" (1844), "Life of George Stephen son" (1857), "Self-Help, with Illustrations of Character and Conduct" (1859), "Brief Biographies” (1860), “Lives of the Engineers" (1861-65), "Industrial Biography" (1863), "The Huguenots" (1867), "Character" (1871), "The Huguenots in France" (1874), "Thrift" (1875). Smillie (smī'li), George Henry. Born at New York, Dec. 29, 1840. An American landscape painter, brother of J. D. Smillie. In 1871 he made a sketching tour in the Rocky Mountains and the Yosem ite Valley, and in Florida in 1874. He first exhibited at the National Academy in 1863, and was made a national academician in 1882. Smillie, James. Born at Edinburgh, Scotland, 1807: died at New York, Dec. 5, 1885. A Scottish-American engraver. He came to America in 1821, and settled in New York in 1829. He engraved bank notes and was eminent as an engraver of landscapes, among which are Cole's series "The Voyage of Life,' Bierstadt's "Rocky Mountains," etc. burgh, Jan. 5, 1867. A Scottish poet and miscellaneous author. He wrote "A Life Drama and other Poems" (1853), "War Sonnets" (with Dobell, 1855), etc. His chief prose works are "A Summer in Skye" (1865) and "Alfred Hagart's Household" (1866). Smith, Andrew Jackson. Born in Bucks County, Pa., April 28, 1815. A Union general in the Civil War. He served with distinction in the Vicksburg and Red River campaigns (1862-63 and 1864), participating in the battles of Pleasant Hill and Nashville (1864). He also bore a conspicuous part in the reduction of Mobile, March-April, 1865. Smith, Benjamin Leigh. Born 1828. An English arctic explorer. He conducted expeditions to Spitz bergen in 1871, 1872, and 1873, and to Franz Josef Land in 1880 and 1881-82 Smith, Bucking ham. Born at Cumber land Island, Ga., Oct. 31, 1810: died at New York city, Jan. 5, 1871. An American antiquary. He ed. ited, translated, and wrote various works in Spanish and English relating to early Spanish explorations in America. Smith, Charles Emory. Born in 1842. An American journalist, editor of the Philadelphia "Pre ." He was minister to Ru ia under President Harrison 1890-92. Smith, Charles Ferguson. Born at Philadelphia, April 24, 1807: died at Savannah, Tenn., April 25, 1862. An American general. He gradu. ated at West Point in 1825; served as instructor, adjutant, and commandant at West Point 1829-42; commanded a light battalion in the Mexican war, and was distinguished at Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, Monferey, Churubusco, etc.; commanded the Red River expedition in 1856; and served in the Utah expedition 1857-60. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers in 1861; captured at the head of his division the heights commanding the fort at the battle of Fort Do nelson in 1862; and was made major. Smith, Edmund Kirby. Born at St. Augustine, Fla., May 16, 1824: died at Sewanee, Tenn., March 28, 1893. A Confederate general. He graduated at West Point in 1845; served in the Mexican and wars; was wounded at Bull Run in led general of volunteers in March, 1862, and Indiana Bra invasion of Kentucky 1861 1862 gained the battle of Richmond, Kentucky, Aug. 30, 1862, and was made lieutenant-general; served at Perryville and Murfreesboro; was commander of the Trans-Mi i ippi department in 1863; was opposed to Banks in the Red River campaign of 1864; was made general; and was the last Confederate commander to surrender (May 26, 1865). Smith, Eli. Born at North ford, Conn., Sept. 13, 1801: died at Beirut, Syria, Jan. 11, 1857. An American mi ionary in Syria, and Arabic scholar. He graduated at Yale in 1821, and at And over in 1826, and in that year became superintendent of the mi ionary printing-house at Malta: later he became connected with the mi ion in Syria. In 1829 he traveled in Greece. In 1830-31, with Dr. H. G. O. Dwight, he made a journey through Armenia, Georgia, and Persia, and settled in Beirut in 1833. In 1838, with Profe or Edward Robinson, he made a remarkable exploration of Palestine, which is said to have "opened the second great era of our knowledge of the Promised Land." In 1852 they visited Jerusalem again. He began in 1844 to translate the Bible into Arabic, and a large portion of it was in print at the time of his death. It was completed by Dr. Cornel i us Van Dyke in 1866-67. He had devised an improved font of Arabic type, Smith, Henry Boynton which was cast at Leipsic in 1839 unde his direction. He published, with Profe or Robinson, "Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai, and Arabia Petræa" in 1841: with the second edition (1856) appeared "Later Biblical Researches in Palestine, etc." He wrote "Mi ionary Researches in Armenia" (with Dr. Dwight, 1833) and "Sermons and Addre es" (1834), and contributed to the "Bibliotheca Sacra," etc. Smith, Erasmus Peshine. Born at New York, March 2, 1814: died at Rochester, N. Y., Oct. 21, 1882. An American jurist and political economist. He graduated at Columbia in 1832, and at the Harvard Law School in 1833; was for some time an official in the state department; and about 1871 became adviser on international law to the Mikado of Japan, a post which he occupied five years. He wrote "Manual of Political Economy" (1853). Smith, Mrs. (Erminnie Adelle Platt). Born at Mar cell us, N. Y., City, Nu, June 26,186 N. J., 9, 1886. An American ethnologist. She published an Iroquois-English dictionary, etc. Smith, Francis Hopkins on. Born at Baltimore, Md., Oct. 23, 1838. An American painter, writer, and civil engineer. He paints chiefly in water-color, and has published and illustrated "Old Lines in new Black and White" (1885), "Well-worn Roads, etc." (1886), "A Book of the Tile Club" (1887), "A White Umbrella in Mexico" (1889), "Colonel Carter of Cartersville" (1892), etc. (1891), "A Day at Laguerre's, etc." (1892), "American Ill us Smith, George. Born March 26, 1840: died at Aleppo, Aug. 19, 1876. An English A yriologist, a bank-note engraver by trade. He studied the cuneiform inscriptions in the British Museum, and, through the influence of Sir Henry Rawlinson and Dr. Birch, was appointed a istant in the department of antiquities in the museum. In 1872 he discovered the Chaldean account of the deluge, and in 1871 the key to the Cypriote character and script. In 1872 he was sent by the "Daily Telegraph" to Nineveh, and in 1873 returned to Nineveh by commi ion of the British Museum and completed his excavations. He published "A yrian Discoveries" in 1875. On a third visit, in 1876, he died. He also wrote "Annals of A urban i pal" (1871), "History of As syria" (1875), "Eponym Canon" (1875), etc. Smith, George Barnett. Born near Halifax, Yorkshire, 1841. An English journalist and writer. He went to London in 1864 and was connected with the "Globe" and the "Echo." He has contributed to the "Encyclopædia Britannica" and to a number of periodicals. Among his works are "Poets and Novelists" (1875), lives of Shelley (1877), Gladstone (1879), Sir Robert Peel (1881), John Bright(1881), Victor Hugo (1885), Queen Victoria (1886), and "William I. and the German Empire" (1889). Smith, Gerrit. Born at Utica, N. Y., March 6, 1797: died at New York city, Dec. 28, 1874. An American philanthropist. He was connected with the Colonization Society, and later with the Antislavery Society, and gave pecuniary a istance to John Brown, in whose affair at Harper's Ferry he was not, however, implicated. He was an abolitionist member of Congre from New York 1853-54. Among his publications are "Sermons and Speeches" (1861) and "Nature the Base of a Free Theology" (1867). Smith, Goldwin. Born at Reading, England, Aug. 13, 1823. An English historian publicist. He graduated at Oxford in 1845; was regius pro fe or of modern history at that university 1858-66; and was profe or of English and constitutional history at Cornell University (Ithaca, New York) from 1868 to 1871, when he exchanged his chair for that of a non-resident profe or and removed to Toronto. He became a member of the senate of the Toronto University; was editor of the "Canadian Monthly" 1872-74; and founded the "Toronto Week" in 1884. He has published "Lectures on Modern History" (1861), “Irish History and Irish Character" (1861), "Rational Religion" (1861), "On Church Endowments (1862), "The Empire" (1863), "Civil War in America" (1866), "Three English Statesmen" (1867), "Reorganization of the University of Oxford" (1868), "Relations between America and England" (1869), "Short History of England" (1869), "Conduct of England to Ireland" (1882), "History of the United States" (1893), etc. Smith, Green Clay. Born 1832: died June 29, 1895. An American politician, general, and clergyman. He was a Federal general in the Civil War; Union member of Congre from Kentucky 1863-66; governor of Montana Territory 1866-69; and later a Baptist minister. Prohibition candidate for the presidency 1876. Smith, Gustavus Woods on. Born in Scott County, Ky., Jan. 1, 1822: died June 23, 1896. An American soldier. He graduated at West Point in 1842; served in the Mexican war; and resigned from the army in 1854. He was street commi ioner of New York city from 1858 to 1861, when, at the outbreak of the Civil War, he entered the Confederate army, and was appointed major-general in Sept., 1861. He was insurance commi ioner of Kentucky 1870-76. He published "Notes on Life Insurance" (3d ed. 1877) and "Confederate War Papers" (1884). Smith, Henry Boynton. Born at Portland, Maine, Nov. 21, 1815: died at New York city, Feb. 7, 1877. An American clergyman and scholar. He became profe or of philosophy at Amherst College in 1847, and profe or of church history at Union Theological Seminary in 1850 (and later of systematic theology). He resigned in 1874. He was editor of the "American Theological Review," "Presbyterian Review," and "Princeton Review." His works include "Relations of Faith and Philosophy" (1849), "History of the Church of Christ in Chronological Tables" (1859), "Church History" (1851), "The Idea of Christian Theology as a System" (1877), with R. D. Hitch cock a life of Edward Robinson (1864), etc. Smith, James. Born at London, Feb. 10, 1775: died there, Dec. 26, 1839. An English poet, noted for a collection of parodies entitled "Reje ed Addre es" (in collaboration with Horace Smith in 1812). He aided Charles Mathews in "Country Cousins," etc. Smith, John. Born at Willoughby, Lincoln- shire, in Jan., 1579: died at London, June 21, 1631. An English adventurer, president of the colony of Virginia 1608-09. He was the eldest son of George Smith, a tenant farmer. Little is known of his "A True Relation" (1608), "A Map of Virginia" (1612), "A Description of New England" (1616), "New England's Trials" (1620), "The Generall Historie of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles" (1624) "An Accidence for Young Seamen" (1626), "The True Travels" (1630), and "Advertisements for the Inexperienced Planters of New England" (1631). Smith, John Cotton. Born at Sharon, Conn., Feb. 12, 1765: died there, Dec. 7, 1845. An American politician. He was Federalist member of Congre from Connecticut 1801-07, and governor of Con- necticut 1813-18. He was president of the American Bible Society and of the American Board of Commi ioners of Foreign Mi ions. Smith, John Cotton. Born at And over, Ma ., Aug. 4, 1826: died at New York, Aug. 10, 1882. An American Protestant Episcopal clergyman. He became rector of the Church of the Ascension, New York city, in 1860, and was a leader in tenement-house reform. He wrote "Miscellanies, Old and New" (1876), "The Liturgy as a Basis of Union," etc. strange hieroglyphics on golden plates, which he subse- quently translated with the aid of Urim and Thummim, a pair of magic spectacles. The translation, which was dictated by Smith from behind a curtain, was published in 1830 under the title of the "Book of Mormon" (which see), on the basis of which the Mormon Church was organized in the same year. In Feb., 1831, he re- moved with his followers from New York State to Kirt- land, Ohio, settling afterward in Mi ouri. In 1840 he founded the city of Nauvoo, Illinois. The revelation which he profe ed to have received July 12, 1843, authorizing for his arrest. He resisted; the militia was called a ist the constable in serving the instrument; and he was ultimately lodged in the jail at Carthage with his brother Hyrum, where they were shot to death by a mob. Smith, Joshua To ulmin. Born at Birmingham, England, May 29, 1816: died April 28, 1869. An English antiquary. His works include "North- men in New England" (1839), "History of Eng- lish Guilds" (1870), etc. Smith, Kirby. v. See Smith , Edmund Kirby . Smith, Marcus. Born at New Orleans, Jan. 27, 1829: died at Paris, Aug. 11, 1884. An Ameri- can actor, known as Mark Smith: son of Solo- mon F. Smith. He played many Shaksperian parts, and had great versatility, ranging easily from Sir Peter Teazle and Sir William Fond love to Diggory and Powhatan (in Brougham's burlesque "Pocahontas"). Smith, Melancton or Melancthon. Born at New York, May 24, 1810: died at Green Bay, Wis., July 19, 1893. An American admiral. He was appointed midshipman in the United States navy in 1826; was promoted commander in 1855, captain in 1862, commodore in 1866, and rear-admiral in 1870. He served in the Civil War before New Orleans, at Port Hudson, Fort Fisher, etc. He was commandant of the Brooklyn navy- yard 1870-72, and was afterward governor of the Naval Asylum at Philadelphia. Smith, Morgan Lewis. Bornin Oswego County, N. Y., March 8, 1822: died at Jersey City, N. J., Dec. 29, 1874. An American general, brigade and division commander under Grant and Sher- man in the West during the Civil War. Smith, Philip. Died 1885. An English his to- rian, brother of Sir William Smith (1813-93). He was head-master of the Mill Hill Protestant Di enters' School, Hendon, and i was a coadjutor of his brother in the compilation of the dictionaries of Greek and Roman an- tiquities, biography, and geography. He published "A History of the World" (1864 et seq .). Smith, Robert. Born 1689: died at Cambridge, 1768. An English mathematician. He was ap- pointed Plumian profe or of astronomy at Cambridge in 1716, and master of Trinity College in 1742. He is chiefly known as the founder of Smith's prizes (which see) at Cambridge. He wrote "Complete System of Optics" (1738), Smith, Robert. Born Nov., 1757: died at Bal- timore, Nov. 26, 1842. An American politician, brother of Samuel Smith (1752-1839). He was secretary of the navy 1801-05; attorney-general 1805; and secretary of state 1809-11. Smith, Robert Payne. Born Nov., 1818: died April 1, 1895. An English Orientalist and theologian. He was regius profe or of divinity at Oxford from 1865 to 1871, when he became dean of Can- terbury. He was a member of the Old Testament Revision Company. He has published "The Authenticity and Mes- sianic Interpretation of the Prophecies of Isaiah Vindi- cated" (1862), "Prophecy: a Preparation for Christ" (1869), "Thesaurus Syriacus" (1868 et seq .), etc. March 30, 1829: died at New York, April 19,1892. An American publisher, a founder, with Dr. J. G. Holland and Charles Scribner & Co., of "Scribner's Monthly," later (1881) the "Cen- tury" magazine. He was the founder and presi- dent of The Century Co. (New York city). Smith, Samuel Francis. Born at Boston, Oct. 21, 1808: died Nov. 16, 1895. An American Bap- tist clergyman and poet. He is well known from his hymns and songs, including "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" (1832), "The Morning Light is Breaking" (1832), etc. Smith, Seba. Born at Buck field, Maine, Sept. 14, 1792: died at Patchogue, L. I., July 29, 1868. An American journalist and miscellaneous wri- ter. He published "Life and Letters of Major Jack Down- ing" (1833), "'Way Down East, etc." (1855), "My Thirty Years Out of the Senate, by Major Jack Downing" (1859- 1860), etc. Smith, Sydney. Born at Wood ford, E ex, Eng- land, June 3, 1771: died at London, Feb. 22, 1845. An English clergyman, wit, and e ayist. He was educated at Winchester and at New College, Oxford; took orders; and was curate of Nether avon on Salisbury Plain. He lived in Edinburgh from 1798 to 1803, and then went to London. While in Edinburgh he was one of the founders of the "Edinburgh Review," its first editor (1802), and one of its chief contributors for twenty years. From 1804 to 1808 he was one of the lecturers on moral philosophy at the Royal Institution, London, teaching the principles of Dugald Stewart. These lectures were published in 1850. In 1809 he was presented to the living of Foston-le-Clay, succe ively at Palmyra and Manchester. About 1820 he began, as he claimed, to have supernatural visions, and Sept. 22, 1827, received from an angel a book written in Yorkshire, where there had been no clergyman for over 100 years: he lived there for twenty years as a village priest. In 1828 he was presented to a prebend of Bristol, and in pastoral charges in the Free Church of Scotland at Or well, Glasgow, and Edinburgh. He is distinguished as a preacher include "The Bishop's Walk (1861), "Olrig Grange" and for his practical interest in public affairs. His (1872), "Hilda among the Broken Gods" (1878), "Kildros tan" (1884), etc. Smith, Way land. See Way land. Smith, William. Born at New ew York, June 25, 1728: died at Quebec, Canada, Nov. 3, 1793. An American jurist and historian. He graduated from Yale in 1745, studied law, and became chief justice of the province of New York in 1763, and a member of the council in 1767. He finally attached himself, after much wavering, to the cause of the British, and became chief justice of Canada in 1786. He wrote "History of the Prov- ince of New York, etc." (1757). Smith, William. Born at Church ill, Oxford- shire, England, March 23, 1769: died at North- ampton, England, Aug. 28, 1839. An English geologist, called "the Father of English Geol- Smith, Sir William Sidney the battle off Cape St. Vincent, Jan., 1780. In 1788-90 he 1793 he joined Lord Hood at Toulon; and on April 19, 1796, advised the King of Sweden in his war with Ru ia; in he was in the harbor of Havre-de-Grace, and sent be pas captured in the harded the Channel in a skiff. In Oct., 1798, he was sent to Constantinople as plenipotentiary; but, learning of Bonaparte's operations at St.-Jean d'Acre, went to its relief. On March 16, 1799, he captured the French flotilla, and on May 20 aparte to raise the siege. He served as brigadier-general under Abercromby at the battle of Abukir. In 1802 he was member of Parliament for Rochester; in 1805 was sent on 1807 Sir John Becret service to Sicily and Naples in 18 joined the Turkish fleet at Abydos. Smith College. An institution for the higher education of women, situated at North amp ton, Ma achusetts. It was founded by Sophia Smit (1796-1870), and opened in 1875. In 1896-97 it had 932 students. Smith Smith field (smith'feld). A locality in London, north of St. Paul's. It was formerly a recreation ground, and was long famous for its cattle-market. It was noted in the time of Queen Mary as the place for burning heretics at the stake. Smith's Island (smiths i'land). A small island off the coast of North Carolina, to which it belongs, 24 miles south of Wilmington. It contains Cape Fear. Smiths on (smith's on), James (James Lewis Macie). Born in France, about 1765: died at Genoa, June 27, 1829. An English scientist, illegitimate son of the first Duke of North umber land. He made a bequest to the United States for the establishment of a scientific institution. See Smithsonian Institution . Smithsonian Institution. An institution of learning at Washington, established in 1846, for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge among men." It was founded by James Smiths on, an English chemist and mineralogist, and a fellow of the Royal Society. At his death, in 1829, he bequeathed £105,000 to the government of the United States in trust "to found at Washington an establishment, under the name of the Smithsonian Institution, for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men," which bequest became operative in 1835. In 1838 the United States government received from the Court of Chancery of Great Britain $515,169, which sum was increased by careful financial management to $703,000. This amount was further increased in 1891 by a gift from Mr. Thomas George Hodgkins of Setauket, New York, of $200,000, a portion of the income of which was to be devoted to "the increase and diffusion of more exact knowledge in regard to the nature and properties of the atmospheric air, in connection with the welfare of man." Mr. Hodgkins also named the Institution as his residuary legatee. The funds of the Institution are deposited in the United States Treasury, the government paying 6 per cent. interest on the fund. After the discu ion of numerous plans, Congre pa ed an act in 1846 creating an "establishment" consisting of the President and members of the cabinet and a board of regents (the Vice-President, 3 senators, 3 members of the House of Representatives, and six other citizens), the executive officer to be a secretary elected by the board of regents. The Institution has devoted itself to the two lines of work marked out in the terms of the bequest the prosecution of original research, and the publication and distribution of memoirs on subjects relating to science. During the course of its existence, it has originated many scientific undertakings of great importance, which have since been taken up by the government, and for which separate bureaus have been established, some independent of the Institution, others under its direction. Out of its meteorological service the United States Weather Bureau has grown; in connection with its work in ichthyology the United States Fish Commi ion was established. Under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution are the United States National Museum, the legal custodian of all government collections; the Bureau of International Exchanges; the Bureau of American Ethnology; the Astro-Physical Observatory; and the National Zoological Park. The Institution has a library of 150,000 volumes (especially rich in transactions of learned societies) and scientific journals. This library was deposited in 1866, by act of Congre , with Smoky (smō'ki) City, The. A name frequently given to Pittsburg. Smoky Hill River, or Smoky Hill Fork. A river which rises in eastern Colorado, flows east through Kansas, and unites with the Solomon River about long. 97° 22′ W. to form the Kansas River. Length, about 400 miles. Smoky Mountains, or Great Smoky Mountains. A range of the Appal a chi an system, on the border between North Carolina and Tenne ee. It contains peaks over 6,000 feet high. Smölen (smė'len). An island off the western coast of Norway, about lat. 63° 25′ N. Length, about 15 miles. Smolensk (smo-lensk'). 1. A government of western central Ru ia, surrounded by the governments of Pskoff, Tver, Moscow, Kaluga, Tchernigoff, Moghileff, and Vitebsk. The chief occupation occupation is is agriculture. agricultur Area, 21,638 square miles. Population (1891), 1,412,162. - 2. А саthedral city, the capital of the government of Smolensk, situated on the Dnieper about lat. 54° 48′ N. It is an important strategic point, and is one of the oldest cities of Ru ia. It was annexed to Lithuania in 1404; conquered and annexed by Ru ia in 1514; taken by Sigismund III. of Poland in 1611; retaken by Ru ia. A victory was gained there by the French by the Ru ians in 1654; and in 1667 definitely reannexed army under Napoleon over the Ru ians under Barclay de Tolly and Bag ration, Aug. 17, 1812 (N. S.), when the town was partly burned. Population (1890), 37,741. Smolensk, Principality of. A medieval principality of central Ru ia, acquired by Lithuania about 1400. Smolkin (smol'kin). A fiend mentioned in Shakspere's "King Lear." Smollett (smol'et), Tobias George. Born at Dalquhurn, Dumb art on shire, Scotland, March, 1721: died at Monte Novo, near Leghorn, Italy, Oct. 21, 1771. A British novelist, historical writer, and miscellaneous author. He was educated at the grammar-school of Dumb art on and the university of Glasgow, and was apprenticed to a surgeon. About 1740 he went to London and entered the navy as a surgeon's mate, and in 1741 was present at the siege of Cart a gena. In 1744 he returned to England, and until 1767 lived there and on the Continent, devoting himself to literary work, and editing "The Critical Review" and "The Briton." In 1767 he retired with broken health to Monte Novo, where he died. Among his works are the novels "The Adventures of Roderick Random" (1748), "The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle" (1751), "The Adventures of Ferdinand, Count Fathom" (1753), "The Adventures of Sir Lance lot Greaves" (1760-61), and "The Expedition of Humphrey Clinker” (1771); and among his other works are "A Complete History of England" (1757-65), "The Reprisals, or the Tars of Old England" (1757: a farce), "The History and Adventures of an Atom" (1769: a satire), "Travels" (1766), and translations of "Don Quixote" (1755) and "Gil Blas" (1761: a later translation by Mr. Benjamin Heath Malkin has been printed with Smollett's name). Smyrna (smer'nä), Turk. Ismir (iz-mēr'). A seaport in the vilayet of Aidin, Asia Minor, Turkey, situated on the Gulf of Smyrna in lat. 38° 26' N., long. 27° 9′ E. It is the most important city of Asia Minor, and the chief commercial center in the Levant. Its exports include cotton, figs, raisins, carpets, and is the terminus of two railway lines. It was an ancient Æolian settlement, and later was colonized from the Ionian city Colophon, and became a member of the Ionian League (688 B. c.). It claimed to be the birthplace of Homer. rebuilt and enlarged by An tigon us and Lysimachus, and became one of the chief cities of Asia. It was one of the seven cities addre ed by John in the Revelation. It was destroyed by an earthquake 178 A. D., and was restored by Marcus Aurelius; was occupied by the Knights of St. John in the 14th century; and was sacked by Timur in 1402. From 1424 it has been under Turkish rule. Population, 200,000 (Greeks, Turks, Armenians, and Franks). It conquered the Lydian king Alyattes, and tained by the Institution. The Institution, however, enjoys the customary use of its library as well as a free use of the library of Congre . The Institution has had three secretaries - Joseph Henry, a physicist (1846-78); Spencer Fuller ton Baird, a zoologist (1878-87); and Samuel Pierpont Langley, an astronomer and physicist (1887-). Its publications consist of "Contributions to Knowledge" (quarto, vols. 1-28), "Miscellaneous Collections" (vols. 1-36), and Reports (1846-92), Reports of the National Museum 1884-92, Bulletins of the National Museum (1-50), Proceedings of the National Museum (1-16), Annual Reports of the Bureau of Ethnology (vols. 1-13). It has a building, used for offices and exhibition halls. It has taken part in all the scientific expeditions and explorations conducted by the government, and in all international expo sitions. In 1893 it offered prizes of $10,000, $2,000, and $1,000 in connection with the Hodgkins bequest. Smith Sound. A sea pa age in the arctic regions, leading northward from Baffin Bay, and separating Prudhoe Land (in Green land) on arm of the Ægean Sea, situated west and northwest of Smyrna. Smyrna. Smyth sm (smith or smith), Charles Piazzi. Born at Naples, 1819. Astronomer royal for Scotland (1845-88), son of Admiral W. H. Smyth. has written "Teneriffe: An Astronomer's Experiment, He Snoilsky day" (1881), "The Reality of Faith" (1884), "The Morality the Old Testament" (1886: in "Helps to Belief "), "Christian Facts and Forces" (1887). Smyth, William. Born at Pittston, Maine, 1797: died at Brunswick, Maine, April 3, 1868. An American educator, profe or of mathematics at Bowdoin College. He wrote mathematical text-books, etc. Smyth, William Henry. Born at Westmin ster, Jan. 21, 1788: died near Aylesbury, England, Sept. 9, 1865. An English naval officer and hydrographer. He entered the navy in 1805; made surveys of Sicily, the shores of the Adriatic, and Sar dinia by order of the admiralty: attained the rank of rear admiral in 1853; and was appointed hydrographer to the admiralty in 1857. His chief work is "The Mediterranean" (1854). Snæhætten (snā'hat-ten). A mountain in the Dovre Fjeld, Norway, long regarded as the highest mountain of northern Europe. Height, 7,570 feet. Snagsby (snagz'bi), Mr. A mild, bald, timid man, very retiring and una uming, in the law stationery busine , in Dickens's "Bleak House." He is in great fear of his domineering wife, and usually prefaces his remarks with "Not to put too fine a point upon it." Snake (snāk), Mr. A malicious character in Sheridan's "School for Scandal." Snake Island. See Anguilla . Snake (snāk) River, or Lewis (lū'is) River, or Shoshone (sho-shoʻne) River. A river in the northwestern part of the United States. It rises in Shoshone Lake in the Yellow stone National Park; flows south in Wyoming, west through Idaho to the Oregon border, north (forming the boundary between Idaho on the east and Oregon and Washington on the west), and west through Washington; and joins the Columbia about long. 119° W. It is noted for its scenery (cataracts and cañons). Its chief tributaries are the Malade, Boisé, Salmon, Clear water, and Palouse on the right, and the Owyhee, Malheur, and Grande Ronde on the left. Length, about 1,100 miles; navigable to Lewiston. Snakes. See Shoshoni . Snare (snar). A sheriff's officer: a character in the second part of Shakspere's "King Henry IV." Sneak (snēk), Jerry. A foolish good-natured henpecked husband in Foote's play "The Mayor of Garratt." He is unable to "pluck up a spirit," and, when elected mayor, is unequal to the office. He has become the type of henpecked husbands. Sneehætten. See Snæhætten . Sneer (sner). A disagreeable critic in Sheridan's play "The Critic."