Its literary history is rather curious

Eight editions of it appeared in half a century from the date of the first, and then, with other books of its time, it dropped out of notice except by the learned. Early in the present century it was revived and reprinted with certain modernisations, and four or five editions succeeded each other at no long interval. The copies thus circulated seem to have satisfied the demand for many years, and have been followed without alteration in a finely-printed i ue of recent date. Saints bury, Hist. of Elizabeth an Lit., p. 429. Anaxagoras (an-aks-ag'ō-ras). [Gr. Αναξαγό ρας .] Born at Clazomenæ, Ionia, about 500 B. C. died at Lampsacus, Mysia, about 428 B. C. A Greek philosopher, for a long time resident in Athens where he became the friend and teacher of Pericles, Thucydides, and Euripi des, and whence he was banished on a charge of impiety. He is reckoned as a disciple of Anaximander and is famous as the first of the old Greek natural philosophers to introduce intelligence or reason ( voûs ) as a metaphysical principle in the explanation of the world. He regarded it not as creative but as regulative, as that which brought order out of the original chaos. Fragments of his writings have been preserved. Anaxarchus (an-aks-är'kus). [Gr. Ἀνάξαρχος .] A Greek philosopher of Abdera, a disciple of Demo crit us, who flourished about 350 B. C. He attended Alexander in his Asiatic campaigns, and is said nauts. He was killed in the Calydonian hunt. Ancelot (ons-lo'), Jacques Arsène François Polycarpe. Born at Havre, France, Feb. 9, 1794: died at Paris, Sept. 7, 1854. A French dramatist, elected a member of the Academy in 1841. He was the author of "Louis IX." (1819), "Le maire du palais" (1823), "Fiesque" (1824), "Olga" (1828), "Elizabeth d'Angleterre" (1829), "Marie de Brabant (1825), "Epitres familières," etc. Ancelot, Mme. (Marguerite Louise Virginie Chardon). Born at Dijon, France, March 15, 1792: died at Paris, March 21, 1875. A French dramatist and novelist, wife of J. A. Ancelot. Her "Théâtre complet" (1848) contains twenty plays, of which "Marie ou trois époques" is her chief work. Among her novels the most popular were "Renée de Varville" (1853) and "La nièce du banquier" (1853). Ancenis (on-se-ne'). A town in the department of Loire-Inférieure, France, situated on the Loire 17 miles northeast of Nantes. Population (1891), commune, 5,141. Anchieta (än-shyā'tä), or Anchietta, José de. Born in Teneriffe, Canary Islands, 1533: died at Beritigbá, Espirito Santo, June 9, 1597. A.Jesuit mi ionary, called the "Apostle of Brazil." He became a Jesuit in 1551, and in 1558 was sent as a mi ionary to Brazil, where he spent the remainder of his life in arduous labors and travels, often among savage tribes of Indians. From 1578 to 1585 he was provincial of his order in Brazil. Anchieta wrote an Indian grammar, and various letters on Brazil which have been published in modern times. Anchises (an-ki'sēz). [Gr. Ἀγχίσης .] In Greek legend, a prince of the royal house of Troy, son of Capys and father (by Aphrodite) of Æneas. V'Ancienne - Comédie . maintaining that a king can do no wrong. to have consoled the king after the murder of Cleitus by Ancienne-Comédie, Rue de l'. See Rue de Anaxarete (an-aks-ar'e-tē). [Gr. Ἀναξαρέτη . ] In Greek legend, a maiden of Cyprus whose lover Iphis in despair hung himself at her door. For her indifference Venus changed her into a stone statue. The story is also told with changed names. An axil a us (an-aks-i-lā'us). [Gr. Αναξίλαος .] A Pythagorean philosopher and physician of the 1st century B. c., banished as a magician from Italy by August us 28 в. с. An axil a us, or Anaxilas (an-aks'i-las). Died Ancient Mariner, The. A poem by Cole ridge, published in the "Lyrical Ballads" in 1798 as his principal contribution to the book, Words worth writing most of the other poems. An cill on (on-sel-yên), Charles. Born at Metz, July 28, 1659: died at Berlin, July 5, 1715. A French historian and littérateur, a Protestant refugee in Berlin: son of David An cill on. IMG:content-0080.png:[ocr errors] IMG:content-0081.png:[blocks in formation] Anckarström (äng'kär-strém), Johan Jakob. Born May 11, 1762: executed at Stockholm, April Puinted rece ed doorway covered by a porch whose col. Then the ancient temple of Venus, and several fine tombs. IMG:content-0082.png:[blocks in formation] And a goy a (än-dä-gō'yä), Pascual de. Born in the province of Alava about 1495: died at Manta, Peru, June 18, 1548. A Spanish soldier. He went with Pedrarias to Darien (1514), and was engaged in many explorations. In 1522 he was appointed inspec- tor-general of the Indians, and about the same time made first tidings of the Inca empire. In 1540 he went as gov- ern or to a province called New Castile, on the Pacific side of New Grenada, but became involved in a boundary quar- rel with Sebastian de Ben alcazar, was imprisoned, and lost his government. And a goy a wrote an account of his trav- ties for that period. els, which is one of the most important historical author i- Andalucía, Nueva. See Nueva Andalucía . And alus i a (an-da-löʻzi-ä), Sp. Andalucía (än- dä-lö-the'ä). [The name is derived from that of the Vandals (= Vandal us i a ).] A captaincy- general in southern Spain, comprising the modern provinces Almeria, Jaen, Granada, Cordova, Malaga, Seville, Cadiz, and Huelva. It is traversed by the Sierra Nevada and other mountain- ranges, and belongs in large part to the basin of the Gua- dalquivir. From the fertility of its soil it has been called the "garden" and "granary" of Spain; it is also rich in minerals. It was a part of the Roman Bætic a, was over- run by the Vandals in the 5th century, and became the nu- cleus of the Moorish power and their last stronghold against the Christians. And a man Islands (an'da-man i'landz), or An- damans (an'da-manz). A group of islands belonging to Great Britain, and a penal colony since 1858, situated in the eastern part of the Bay of Bengal in lat. 10° 30′-14° N., long. 93° E. It comprises the Great And a man group and the Lit tle And a man group. The chief islands are North, Middle, and South And a man, and Rutland. The natives number 3,000 to 5,000. Area, 1,760 square miles. Population (1881), of convicts, 11,738. And a ste. See Conestoga . Andechs (än'deks). A village in Upper Ba- varia, situated on the Ammersee southwest of Munich, noted for its castle, later a monastery Andeer (an'dar). A village near the southern end of the Via Mala, canton of Grisons, Switzer- land. Andelys (on-dlē'), Les. A town in the de- part ment of Eure, France, situated on the Seine 19 miles southeast of Rouen, consisting of Grand-Andelys and Petit-Andelys. It has manufactures of cloth, etc., and contains the Château Population (1891), commune, 6,040. Gaillard (which see), built by Richard the Lion-Hearted. Andenne (on-den'). A manufacturing town in the province of Namur, Belgium, situated on the Meuse 10 miles east of Namur. Popula- tion (1890), 7,075. Anderab (än-der-äb'), or Inderab (in-der-äb'). A town in Afghan Turkestan, situated on the river Anderab on the northern slope of the Hindu-Kush, 85 miles northeast of Kabul. Population, about 6,000. Anderida (an-der'i-di). A Roman encampment in England, generally identified with Pevensey. In 491 it was destroyed by the South Saxons. Anderson, rson, John. Born at Rose neath, Dum- bartons hire, Scotland, 1726: died Jan. 13, 1796. A Scottish physicist. Oriental languages and later (1760) of natural philosophy at Glasgow, and the founder of Anderson's University at Glasgow (now comprising also a medical school). Anderson, John. Born Oct. 4, 1833: died Aug. 16, 1900. A Scottish zoölogist. He was appointed superintendent of the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1865, and scientific officer on expeditions to western China in 1868 and 1874. In 1881 he was sent by the trustees of the Indian Museum to investigate the marine zoology of the Mergui Archipelago, and retired from the service of the Indian government in 1887. His writings consist chiefly of scientific papers and reports to the government. Anderson, Joseph. Born near Philadelphia, Nov. 5, 1757: died at Washington, April 17, 1837. An American lawyer, politician, and officer in the Revolutionary War. He was United States sena- tor from Tenne ee 1797-1815, and first comptroller of the in 1842, took part in the siege of Vera Cruz and the capture of the city of Mexico, was promoted captain in 1855, re- signed in 1861 to accept a brigadier's commi ion in the Confederate service, and was promoted lieutenant-gen- eral in 1864. He took part in the battles of Antietam, An der matt (än'der-mät), or Ursern (ör's ern). [It. Orsera .] A village in the canton of Uri, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania, etc. Switzerland, 32 miles southeast of Lucerne, situated near the junction of the St. Gotthard route with the Furka Pa route (by the Ur- sern valley) and the Oberalp route. It is anim- portant tourist center. Population, about 700. Andernach (än'der-näch). A town in the Rhine Province, Pru ia, situated on the left bank of the Rhine 12 miles northwest of Co- blentz: the Roman Antunnacum, or Antoni- acum. It has a trade in millstones and tufa. Charles the Bald was defeated here in 876 by the son of Louis the German, and here Otto I. defeated the dukes of Franc on i a and Lorraine in 939. It pa ed to the archbishopric of Co- Andersen (än'der-sen), Hans Christian. Born at Odense, Denmark, April 2, 1805: died at Co- Anderson, Robert. Born at Carnwath, in Lan- arkshire, July 7, 1750: died at Edinburgh, Feb. 20, 1830. A Scottish critic, editor of "A Com- plete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain" (14 vols. 1792-1807). Anderson, Robert. Born near Louisville, Ky., June 14, 1805: died at Nice, Oct. 27, 1871. An American general famous for his defense of Fort Sumter. He was graduated at West Point in 1825; served in the Black Hawk, Seminole, and Mexican wars; was appointed major in 1857; became commander of the troops in Charleston Harbor in Nov., 1860; removed his force from Fort Moultrie to Fort Sumter, Dec. 26; was in- vested there by the Confederates who bombarded the fort April 12-13, 1861; and evacuated the fort April 14. Не was appointed brigadier-general in 1861, and retired in 1863 with the rank of brevet major-general. He translated works on artillery from the French. his first important work, "Fodreise fra Holmens Kanal til Östpynten af Amager" (" Foot Tour from the Holm Canal to the Eastern Point of Amager"). In 1829 appeared a collec- tion of poems, and the same year his first dramatic work, "Kjaerlighed paa Nikolai Taarn" ("Love on the Nikolai Tower"), a vaudeville. was performed. The novels "Im- Maine, Aug. 17, 1796: died at Boston, May 30, 1880. An American Congregational clergyman, secretary of the American Board of Commis- sioners for Foreign Mi ions 1832-66, and the author of several works on mi ions. Andersonville (an'der-son-vil). A village in Sumter County, Georgia, 62 miles southwest of Macon. During the Civil War it contained a Confederate And ers son, Lars. See Andreä , Laurentius . And ers son, Nils Johan. Born in Småland, Feb. 20, 1821: died at Stockholm, March 27, 1880. A Swedish botanist, of works on the botany of Scand in a via and Lapland. Andes. In ancient geography, a village near Mantua, Italy, famous as the birthplace of Vergil. Andesians (an-dēʻzi-anz), or Antesians (an- tēʼzi-anz). A A general name I name for a number of na- And i jan (än-di-jän'). A town in Ferghana, Ru ian Central Asia, situated near the Syr- Daria 75 miles northeast of Khokand. Popu- lati on, about 30,000. Andkhui (änd-kö'ē), or Andkho (änd-kō'). A town in Afghan Turkestan, 90 miles north- west of Balkh, the seat of a small khanate de- pendent on Afghanistan. Population (est i- mated), 15,000. And law-Birseck (änt'läv - bērs' ek), Franz Xaver von. Born at Freiburg, Baden, Oct. 6, 1799: died Sept. 4, 1876. A German diplo- matist. He was the author of "Erinnerungsblätter aus den Papieren eines Diploma ten" (1857), "Mein Tagebuch Andö (än'de). The northernmost of the Lofoten Islands, 35 miles long, northwest of Norway. An do cides (an-dos ́i-dēz). [Gr. Ἀνδοκίδης .] Born at Athens, 467 (?) в. с.: died about 391 B. C. An A then i an politician and orator. the extract. speech Against Alcibiades which bears his name spu- rio us. Jebb , Greek Lit., p. 117. Andorra (än-dor'rä), F. Andorre (on-dor'). A state in the Pyrenees surrounded by the de- IMG:content-0083.png:[blocks in formation] lati on (1900), 6,813. emy, and the Abbot Female Academy. Popu- Andrada (än-dräʼdä), Antonio de. Born about 1580: died at Goa, March 19, 1634. A Portu- guese mi ionary in the East Indies and Tibet, author of "Novo descobrimento do Grão Ca- tayo, ou dos Reynos de Tibet" (1626). Andrada, Diogo Payva de. Born 1528: died 1575. A Portuguese theologian, sent as a dele- gate by Dom Sebastian to the Council of Trent. Andrea, Girolamo. Born at Naples, April 12, 1812: died at Rome, May 14, 1868. An Italian cardinal and diplomatist. His liberalism in religion and politics (especially his leaning toward Italian unity) led to his suspension (1866) from his dignities by the papal Curia; but he was reinstated after a humble submi ion in Andrea Doria. See Doria . He wrote "Orthodox arum Quæstionum libri X, etc., con- tra Kemnitii petulantem audaciam" (1564), etc. Andrada, Gomes Freire de. Born in Portu- gal, 1684: died at Rio de Janeiro, Jan. 1, 1763. A Portuguese administrator. From 1733 until his Andrea Pisano. See Pisano. ing most of southern Brazil, and the period of his admin- death he was governor of Rio de Janeiro, then compris Andrea del Sarto. See Sarto . i strati on was the most prosperous in the colonial history of Andreä (än'drā), Jakob. Born at Wai- that country. In 1758 he was made count of Bob a dell a. blingen, Würtemberg, March 25, 1528: died Andrada e Silva (än-drädä ē sēl'vä), José Bonifacio de (generally known as José Boni- facio). Born in Santos, São Paulo, June 13,1765: died near Rio, April 6, 1838. A Brazilian states- man and a noted mineralogist. He took a leading part in the revolutionary movement in Brazil, and on Jan. 16, 1822, was made minister of the interior and of for- eign affairs. It was by his advice that Pedro I. decided to throw off allegiance to Portugal. He was exiled to Europe Andrada Machado e Silva, Antonio Carlos Ribeiro de. Born in Santos, Nov. 1, 1773: died in Rio de Janeiro, Dec. 5, 1845. A Brazilian statesman, brother of José Bonifacio de An- drad a e Silva. He was involved in the rebellion of 1817 at Pernambuco, and was imprisoned until 1821. In the Brazilian constituent a embly of 1823 he led the radicals, and in Nov., 1823, was banished (with his two brothers) to France. He returned in 1828, was elected deputy 1835 and during succeeding years, and was one of the liberal leaders. He was one of the first ministers of Pedro II., and in 1845 entered the senate. He was a brilliant orator, Sul, Jan. 22, 1807: died at As unci on, Paraguay, Jan. 6, 1869. A Brazilian general, distinguished in the war in Rio Grande do Sul (1835-45), and especially as a cavalry commander in the Para- guayan war (1867-69). In Oct., 1867, he was created baron of Triumpho. Andrá y (on'drä-shē), Gyula (Julius), Count. Born at Zemplin, Hungary, March 8, 1823: died at Volosca, Istria, Feb. 18, 1890. A noted Hun- gari an statesman. He entered the Hungarian diet in 1847, was appointed governor of the county of Zemplin in 1848, took part in the Hungarian insurrection of 1848-49, re- mained in exile till 1857, reëntered the Hungarian diet in 1861, was premier of the Hungarian ministry 1867-71, and minister of foreign affairs of Austria-Hungary 1871-79, framed the Andrá y Note to the Porte in 1876, was a lead- ing member of the Congre of Berlin in 1878, and nego- Andrá y Note, The. A declaration relating to the disturbed state of Bosnia and Herze- govina, drawn up by the governments of Austria, Ru ia, and Germany with the ap- proval of England and France, and presented to the Porte, Jan. 31, 1876. It demanded the es- tablishment of religious liberty, the abolition of the farm- ing of taxes, the application of the revenue derived from direct taxation in Bosnia and Herzegovina to the needs of these provinces, the institution of a commi ion composed equally of Christians and Mohammedans to control the execution of these reforms, and the improvement of the André (F.pron. on-drā'), or Andreas, Bernard, of Toulouse. A French poet and historian, poet laureate in the reign of Henry VII. of England (the first laureate appointed by an English king), tutor of Arthur, prince of Wales, and royal historiographer. He was blind, but in spite of this misfortune attained a high degree of scholar- ship. He wrote a life of Henry VII. André, Johann. Born at Offenbach, He e, March 28, 1741: died June 18, 1799. A German composer, musical director, and publisher, au- thor of operas, instrumental pieces, etc. André, Johann Anton. Born at Offenbach, He e, Oct. 6, 1775: died April 8, 1842. A noted German composer, musical director, and pub- lisher, son of Johann André. André (än'drā or an'dri), John. Born at Lon- Andréo i toine François, Comte d'. Born at Castelnaudary, France, March 6, 1761: died at Montauban, Sept. 10, 1828. A French general and diplomatist, author of various military and scientific works. He served in the wars of the Revolution and under Bonaparte, took part in the event of the 18th Brumaire, and was amba ador in London, Vienna, and Constantinople. Andrés (än-dres'), Juan. Born at Planes, Spain, Feb. 15, 1740: died at Rome, Jan. 17, 1817. A Spanish Jesuit and scholar. He wrote Dell Origine dei Progre i e dello stato attualedrei Letteratura" (1782-99, "On the Origin, Progre , Present Condition of all Literature"), etc. Andrew (an'drö), Saint. [Formerly also An drow, Andro; ME. Andrew, OF. Andreu, F. Andrieu , André , LL. Andreas , Gr. Ἀνδρέας, lit. 'manly, from ἀνήρ (άνδρ-), a man.] Lived in the first half of the 1st century A. D. One of the twelve disciples of Jesus, a brother Simon Peter and an apostle to the Gentiles. He is honored by the Scotch as their patron saint, and by the Ru ians as the founder of their church. He suffered martyrdom by crucifixion. His symbol is the so-called of