University in 1874

He published "Rhetoric" (1869), etc. Haven, Gilbert. Born at Malden, Ma ., Sept., 1821: died at Malden, Jan. 3, 1880. An American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He edited "Zion's Herald" (Boston) 1867–72. Haver ford College (hav'er-ford kol'ej). An institution of learning situated at Haver ford, Pennsylvania, 9 miles west-northwest of Philadelphia. It was founded 1832, opened 1833, and incorporated 1856; it is controlled by the Society of Friends. Haver ford west (hav'er-ford-west'), Welsh Hwlffordd (höl'forTH). A seaport and the capital of Pembrokes hire, Wales, situated on the West Cleddau in lat. 51° 48′ N., long. 4° 57′ W. Population (1891), 6,179. Havergal (hav'er-gal), Frances Ridley. Born at Astley, Worcesters hire, Dec. 14, 1836: died at Swansea, Wales, June 3, 1879. An English religious writer. She published the "Ministry of Song" (1870) and other collections of devotional poetry and prose. Haver hill (hav'er-il). A town in Suffolk, England. Population (1891), 4,587. Haver hill (ha'ver-il). A city (incorporated 1870) in E ex County, Ma achusetts, situated on the Merrimac 30 miles north of Boston. It is noted for shoe manufacture. It was the birthplace of Haver straw (hav'er-str a). Atown in Rock land County, N. Y., situated on the Hudson 34 miles north of New York. Population (1890), 5,170. Haver straw Bay. The name given to the expansion of the Hudson below the Highlands and north of Tappan Sea. Whittier. Population (1890), 27,412. Have with you to Saffron Walden. See Saf fron Walden, etc. Havilah (hav'i-lä). In the description of Eden in Gen. ii., a land mentioned as encompa ed by the Pishon, one of the four rivers which go out from Eden, and as containing gold and bedolach and shoham stone. As Pishon has been identified with almost all rivers, so Havilah was sought and found in all parts of the earth, notably in Armenia (Colchis) and India. Frederick Delitzsch, who locates Eden Me so pot am i a near Babylonia (see Eden ), identifies Havilah with the tract immediately to the south and west of the Euphrates. Havilah is also enumerated in Gen. x. 7 among the sons of Cush, son of Ham; in Gen. x. 29 among the sons of Joktan, a descendant of Shem; and in Gen. xxv. 18 it appears as the southeastern limit of the Ishmaelite Arabs. It perhaps designates the east or southeast of Arabia on the Persian Gulf, in which region, according to Strabo, a tribe by the name of Chaulotæans lived, who were neighbors of the Nabatæans and Hazarenes. On the other hand, the Analitse of the cla ical writers (Pliny, VI. 28), a people with a town Analis (now Zeila) on the African coast, south of the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, would answer to the Cushite Havilah. Haviland (hav'i-land), John. Born at Gundenham, Somersets hire, in 1793: died at Philadelphia, March 28, 1852. An English architect. He studied with James Elmes. In 1815 he went to Ru ia to enter the imperial corps of engineers. The following year he went to the United States, where he made a specialty of penitentiary buildings: among them were that at Pittsburg, the first designed on the radiating principle advocated by Jeremy Bentham; the Eastern Penitentiary at Philadelphia; the Tombs, New York; and the State penitentiaries of IMG:content-0503.png:[blocks in formation] New Jersey, Mi ouri, and Rhode Island. He also designed Hawke Bay. A bay on the east coast of the the United States Naval Asylum at Norfolk, the United North Island, New Zealand. States Mint at Philadelphia, and other public buildings Hawkesbury (haks'ber-i). A river of New His prisons were standard at time, were visited by commi ioners from England, France, Ru ia, South Wales which flows into the Pacific north and Pru ia. east of Sydney. Length, about 330 miles. Havre (ä'vr), Le, or Havre, formerly Havre- Hawker (ha'ker), Robert Stephen. Born at de-Grâce (ä'vr-de-gräs'). [F., 'the Haven,' Stoke Damerel, Devons hire: died in 1875. An 'the Haven of Grace': a chapel of Notre Dame English writer, vicar of Morwenstow, Cornwall. de Grace , 'our Lady of Grace,' formerly existed Hawkeye (hak'i) State. A popular name of the there.] A seaport in the department of Seine- State of Iowa. It is said to be so named from Inférieure, France, situated at the mouth of the Seine in lat. 49° 29′ N., long. 0° 7' E. It is the second seaport of France, and the terminus of several steamship lines; has about one fifth of the whole foreign trade of France (especially with America); and is noted for its docks and ship-building yards. The Church of Notre Dame and the museum are of interest. Bernard in de Saint Pierre and Casimir Delavigne were born here. The town was founded by Louis XII.; was developed by Francis I.; was occupied by the English in 1562-63; and was unsucce fully attacked by the English in 1694. 'Pop. ulation (1891), commune, 116,369. Havre de Grace (hav'er de gräs). A town in Harford County, Maryland, situated on the Susquehanna, near its mouth, 34 miles northeast of Baltimore. Population (1890), 3,244. Hawaii (hä-wi'e). The largest and southeasternmost of the Hawaiian Islands. The surface is mountainous. It contains the volcanoes Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, and Kilauea. The chief town is Hilo. Area, 4,210 square miles. or Ha Hawaiian Islands (hä-wi'yan i'landz), wai i, or Sandwich Islands (sandwich i'landz). A group of islands in the North Pacific, about lat. 18° 55′-22° 15′ N., long. 154° 50′-160° 15' W. Capital, Honolulu. The chief islands are Hawaii, Maui, Oahu, Kauai, Lanai, Kahulaui, Molokai, Niihau. The surface is largely mountainous and volcanic. The chief export is sugar; other exports are rice, bananas, and wool. The inhabitants are native Hawaii ans (35,000, de (8,602), Americans (1,928), British (1,344), Germans (1,034), creasing), Chinese (15,301) Japanese (12,360) Portuguese etc. The islands were discovered by Gaetano in 1542, and rediscovered in 1778 by Cook (who gave them the name Owhyhee). The government was consolidated by Kamehameha I. (who died in 1819), and idolatry was abolished in 1819; the next year the American mi ionaries arrived. A constitution was granted in 1840, and a more liberal one in 1887. The government was a monarchy, with king, cabinet, and legislature (consisting of a house of nobles and house of representatives). The queen, Liliuokalani (who ascended the throne in 1891), on Jan. 15, 1893, at tempted to force the cabinet to approve a new constitu tion designed to give greater power to the crown and to the native population. This they declined to do. On Jan. safety, and a provisional government was formed, headed 17, 1893, the queen was deposed by a committee of public by Mr. Sanford B. Dole, which was to retain office until a treaty of annexation with the United States should be concluded. Such a treaty was sent to the Senate by President Harrison, but it was withdrawn by President Cleveland on the ground that the revolution in Hawaii was wrongfully accomplished by the aid of the American minister, Mr. Stevens, and the American naval force, and that the queen should be reestablished on her throne. His effort to accomplish this end by diplomatic means failed. A republic was proclaimed July 4, 1894. Hawar (ha-wär'). [Ar.al - hawar , the intensely bright.] The bright second-magnitude star & Ursæ Major is, commonly known as Alioth . Hawarden (har'dn). A town in Flints hire, North Wales, 16 miles south of Liverpool. Near it is Hawarden Castle, the residence of W. E. Gladstone. Haweis (hois), Hugh Reginald. Born about 1840. An English clergyman and author. He has published "Music and Morals," etc. Hawes (haz), Stephen. Born about 1476: died about 1523. An English poet. He wrote an allegorical poem, "The Pastime of Pleasure" (about 1506), printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1509; "The Example of Virtue" (1513); etc. Hawes, William. Born at London, 1785: died there, Feb. 18, 1846. An English composer and musician. He introduced Weber's "Der Freischütz" into England 1824, after which he adapted many operas for the English stage. Hawes Water. A lake in the Lake District, West more land, England, 9 miles northeast of Amble side. Length, 24 miles. Hawick (ha'ik). A town in Roxburghshire, Scotland, situated on the Teviot 40 miles south southeast of Edinburgh. It manufactures tweeds, hosiery, etc. Near it is Brank some Tower. Hawick, Gala shiels, and Selkirk form the Hawick district of burghs (or the Border burghs), returning 1 member to Parliament. Population (1891), 19,204. Hawk a bites (hak'a-bits). A club of di olute young men, a ociated in London after the Restoration for the pleasure of fighting. "A cla of ruffians whose favorite amusement was to swagger by night about town, breaking windows, upsetting sedans, beating quiet men, etc." (Old and New London, IV. 166.) Also Hawcubites . Hawke (hak), Edward, first Baron Hawke. Born at London, 1705: died at Sunbury, Middle sex, England, Oct. 17, 1781. An English admiral. He defeated the French off Belle-Île in 1747, and off Quiberon in 1759. an Indian chief who once lived in that region. Hawkins (ha'kinz), Anthony Hope. Born at London, Feb. 9, 1863. An English novelist. He writes under the name of Anthony Hope. He was called to the bar in 1887. He has written "A Man of Mark" (1890), "Father Stafford," "Sport Royal," "A Change of Air," "The Prisoner of Zenda," "The Dolly Dialogues," "The Indiscretion of the Duche ," etc. Hawkins, or Hawkyns (ha'kinz), Sir John. Born at Plymouth, 1532: died at sea off Porto Rico, Nov. 12, 1595. An English naval hero. In 1562, 1564, and 1567 he carried cargoes of slaves from Africa to the West Indies and the Spanish main. Several English noblemen, and, it is said, Queen Elizabeth, had a financial interest in these voyages. The trade was a violation of Spanish law, and ultimately Hawkins was attacked by a Spanish fleet in the harbor of Vera Cruz, and escaped with difficulty, after losing most of his ships (Sept. 24, 1568). In 1573 he was made treasurer of the English navy. As rear-admiral he took a prominent part in the defeat of the Spanish Armada (Aug., 1588), and was knighted. He was with Frobisher on the Portuguese coast in 1590, and died while second in command in Drake's expedition to the West Indies. Hawkins, Sir John. Born at London, March 30, 1719: died at Westminster, May 21, 1789. An English author. He was one of Dr. Johnson's executors, and wrote his life, which he published with an edition of Johnson's works in 1787. His chief work is "A General History of the Science and Practice of Music" (1776). Hawkins or Hawkyns, Sir Richard. Born about 1562: died at London, April 17, 1622. An English naval hero, son of Sir John Hawkins (1532-95). He was early engaged in West Indian enterprises; took part in the defeat of the Armada, Aug., 1588, and in the descent on the Portuguese coast in 1590; and in June, 1593, started on a voyage around the world in the Dainty. After touching in Brazil, he pa ed the Strait of Magellan, and took and plundered Val para i so; but he was defeated and captured after a hard fight in San Mateo Bay, Peru, June 22, 1594. Taken to Lima, he was sent to Spain in 1597 and imprisoned until 1602, when he was ransomed. Subsequently he was vice-admiral of Devon, and second in command in Sir Robert Mansell's fleet against the Algerine pirates, 1620-21. Hawks (haks), Francis Lister. Born at Newbern, N. C., June 10, 1798: died at New York, Sept., 1866. An American clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and historical, legal, and miscellaneous writer. Among his works is "Contributions to the Ecclesiastical History of the United States" (1836-41). Hawkwood (hak'wud), Sir John. Born in E ex, England, about 1320: died at Florence, Italy, in 1394. A noted English leader of condottieri and strategist. He served under the Black Prince in France, and after the peace of Bretigny organized his famous White Company, whose services various Italian powers. He finally became the permanent military adviser and captain-general of Florence. Hawley (ha'li), Gideon. Born at Str at ford (Bridge port), Conn., Nov. 11, 1727: died at Mashpee, Ma ., Oct. 3, 1807. An American mi ionary. He graduated at Yale in 1749, and in 1753, at the instance of the commi ioners of Indian affairs, established a mi ion among the Iroquois Indians on the Susquehanna River, which he abandoned in 1756 on account of the old French and Indian war. He subsequently served as chaplain in Colonel Richard Gridley's regiment, and in 1757 was appointed, by the commi ioners of the Society for Propagating the Gospel, pastor of the Indian tribes at Mashpee, Ma achusetts. Hawley, Joseph. Born at North amp ton, Ma ., Oct. 8, 1723 (17241): died in Hampshire County, March 10, 1788. An American patriot. Hawley, Joseph Roswell. Born at Stewartsville, N. C., Oct. 31, 1826. An American general, journalist, and politician. He graduated at Ham ilton College in 1847; was admitted to the bar in 1850; becam came editor of the Hartford "Pre " in 1857; served as a brigade and division commander in the Union army during the Civil War, being brevetted major-general in 1865; was president of the Republican National Convention in 1868; was Republican member of Congre from Connecticut 1872-75 and 1879-81; has been United States senator since 1881; was an unsucce ful candidate for the Republican nomination for President in 1884 and 1888; and was president of the United States Centennial Commi ion 1873-77. Hawthorn den (ha' thôrn-den). A glen or valley in Edinburgh shire, Scotland, 8 miles south of Edinburgh. The estate of Hawthorn den was the property of the poet William Drummond. Hawthorne (hathorn), Julian. Bornat Boston, June 22, 1846. An American novelist and miscellaneous writer, son of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hawthorne, Nathaniel. Born at Salem, Ma ., July 4. 1804: died at Plymouth, N. H., May 19, prose-writer. Hay market, The. A London market, estab- lished in 1644 on the site now partly covered by the Criterion restaurant and theater and IMG:content-0504.png:[blocks in formation] Lower Regent street. The place is called Hay market Square, or the Hay market. Add is on once lived there. Hay market Square Riot, The. A riot at Hay- market Square in Randolph street, immediately Haystack (ha's tak), The. One of the principal north of Des Plaines street, Chicago, May 4, summits of the A dir on dacks. Height, 5,005 1886, in which 7 policemen were killed and 60 feet. caused chiefly by a dynamite bomb thrown by some one in the crowd, supposed to have been a person named Schnaubelt, who was never arrested. The anarchists August Spies, Adolph Fischer, George Engel, and Albert R. Parsons were hanged, Nov. 11, 1887, for complicity in the riot, while Louis Lingg escaped the gallows by com- mitting suicide in prison. Samuel Fielden and Michael Schwab were committed to prison for life, and Oscar W. Neebe for a term of 15 years. Hay market Theatre. A London theater stand- ing in the Hay market opposite Charles street. Next to Drury Lane no theater in London is so rich in theatrical tradition as "the Little Theatre in the Hay- chapel of ease or training-house to Drury Lane and Covent market." During the patent monopoly it was a kind of Garden. In 1720 one John Potter purchased the site of an old inn, the King's Head, in the Hay market, and erected there a small theater. The house was leased to a company of French actors, and opened with "La fille à la mode, ou le Badeau de Paris," under the patronage of the Duke of Montague. For some years after it was called "the New French Theatre." Fielding's is the first great name connected with this theater. In 1730 he pro- duced "The Tragedy of Tragedies, or Tom Thumb the Great," and became manager in 1734. In Feb., 1744, Charles Macklin opened the Hay market with a company Samuel Foote a umed the management. In 1766 he ob- tained a patent for the theater during his lifetime. In 1776 Foote sold the theater to Colman the elder, who man- aged it till 1794. When Harris became manager in 1820, he demolished the old house (its site is now occupied by the Café de l'Europe), and erected a new one a little far- ther north. It was opened July 4, 1821, with "The Rivals." The present theater was built in 1880. Haym (him), Rudolf. Born at Grünberg, Si- lesia, Oct. 5, 1821. A German political and philosophical writer. His works include "Wilhelm von Humboldt" (1856), "Hegel und seine Zeit" (1857), "Ar- thur Schopenhauer" (1864), "Die romantische Schule " (1870), "Herder" (1880). Haymerle (hi'mer-le), Baron He in rich von. Born at Vienna, Dec. 7, 1828: died at Vienna, Oct. 10, 1881. An Austrian diplomatist and statesman, minister of foreign affairs 1879-81. Haydon (ha'don), Benjamin Robert. Born at Haymon. See Aymon . Plymouth, England, Jan. 26, 1786: committed Haynau. See Hainau . suicide at London, June 22, 1846. A noted Eng- lish historical painter. His life was one of struggle and of disappointment because his talent was not appre- ciated. Among his works are " Christ's Entry into Jeru salem" (now at Cincinnati), "The Raising of Lazarus,' "The Judgment of Solomon" (in the National Gallery, London). He published "Lectures on Painting and De- sign" (1844-46). His life, compiled from his autobiogra- phy and journal, was published by Tom Taylor in 1853. Haye, La. See Hague , The . Hayel (hä-yel'), or Hail (hä-el'). A city of Shomer, Arabia, situated about lat. 27° 40′ N., long. 42° 40′ Ε. Hayes (haz), Catherine. Born in Ireland about 1825: died at London, Aug. 11, 1861. An Irish singer. She made her début in 1845 at Marseilles, and had a brilliant career in Italy and Austria. In 1849 she appeared in London, but soon left England for America, India, Polynesia, and Australia. She married a Mr. Bush nell in 1857. Grove. Born at Ca el, Oct. 14, 1786: died at Vienna, March 14, 1853. An Austrian general, illegiti- mate son of the elector William I. of He e-Cas- sel. He was commander in Italy 1848-49, and in Hungary 1849-50, and was notorious for his cruelty. Hayne (han), Isaac. Born in South Carolina, Sept. 23, 1745: died at Charleston, S. C., Aug. 4,1781. An American patriot. He served against the British at the siege of Charleston in 1780, when he was taken prisoner and paroled. He subsequently took the oath of allegiance to the king on the a urance of the Brit- ish deputy commandant at Charleston that he would not be called upon to bear arms against his country. Being, neverthele , summoned to join the British army, he con- sidered himself released from his oath, and became colonel of an American militia company. He was captured and hanged by the order of Colonel Balfour and Lord Rawdon. This action gave rise to a sharp debate in the British Par- 26, 1781, in which he announced his intention to make reprisals. Hayne, Paul Hamilton. Born at Charleston, S. C., Jan. 1, 1831: died July 6, 1886. An Ameri- can poet, nephew of R. Y. Hayne. He published volumes of poems (1854-57), "Avolio and other Poems" (1859), "Legends and Lyrics" (1873), etc. Hayne, Robert Young. Born in St. Paul's par- ish, Collet on district, S. C., Nov. 10, 1791: died at Asheville, N. C., Sept., 1840. An American politician. He was United States senator from South Carolina 1823-32, and is noted as an opponent of the pro- tective tariff and a leader of the nullifiers, and for his de- bate with Webster in 1830. He was governor of South Carolina 1832-34. Haynes (hanz), John. Born at Old Holt, E ex, England: died at Hartford, Conn., March 1, 1654. An American magistrate. He emigrated to Ma a- chusetts in 1633. In 1635 he became governor of Ma achu- Hazen McAllister on the Savannah River, and opened up communication between the army and the fleet. He was made major-general of volunteers April 20, 1865, the rank to date from Dec. 13, 1864, and was appointed chief officer of the signal service in 1880, a post which he held until his death. Hazleton (ha'zl-ton). A borough in Luzerne County, eastern Pennsylvania, 85 miles northwest of Philadelphia. It is a summer resort and coal-mining center. Population (1890), 11,872. Hazlitt (haz'lit), William. Born at Maid stone, Kent, April 10, 1778: died at London, Sept. 18, 1830. An English critic and e ayist. His literary work brought him into contact with Leigh Hunt, Charles Lamb, Moore, and others, with all of whom he quarreled. His peculiar temper and political views led him also to attack his older friends Cole ridge, Southey, and Words worth. He is perhaps best known by his lectures and es says on the English drama, about which he knew little, borrowing books and cramming for each occasion. Among his works are "Characters of Shakspere's Plays" (1817), "The Round Table" (1817), "View of the English Stage (1818) "Lectures on English Poetry" (1818), "Lectures on the English Comic Writers" (1819), "Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth" (1821), "Table Talk" (1824), "Spirit of the Age" (1825), "Life of Napoleon" (1828), "Plain Speaker" (1826), "Original E ays," and "Political E ays." Hazlitt, William. Born in Wilts hire, England, Sept. 26, 1811: died Feb. 22, 1893. An English writer, son of William Hazlitt (1778-1830), senior registrar in the bankruptcy court, and translator of French historical works. He also edited Johnson's "Lives of the Poets," and wrote on legal subjects. Hazlitt, William Carew. Born Aug. 22, 1834. An English English author and lawyer, son of William Hazlitt (1811-93). He has published a "History of the Venetian Republic, etc." (1858-60), and has edited "Old English Jest Books" (1864), "Remains of the Early Popular Poetry of England" (1864-66), "English Proverbs, etc." (1869), "Works of Charles Lamb" (1866-71), "Memoirs of William Hazlitt" (1867), Warton's "History of English Poetry" (1871; with others), Blount's "Tenures of Land, etc." (1874), "Mary and Charles Lamb, etc." (1874), Dodsley's "Old Plays" (1874-76), "Shakspere's Library" (1875), etc. Head (hed), Sir Edmund Walker. Born near Maid stone, England, 1805: died at London, Jan. 28, 1868. An English colonial governor, and writer on art. He published a "Handbook of the Span ish and French Schools of Painting" (1845), etc. Head, Sir Francis Bond. Born near Rochester, England, Jan. 1, 1793: died at Croydon, near London, July 20, 1875. An English traveler, lieutenant-governor of Upper Canada (1835Sept. 10, 1837), and author, brother of Sir George Head. Among his works are "Bubbles from the Brunnen of Na au" (1833), "Stokers and Pokers" (1849), "Defencele State of Great Britain" (1850), "A Fagot of French Sticks" (1852), "Descriptive E ays from the Quarterly Review" (1856), "Mr. King lake" (1863), "The Royal Engineer" (1869), "Sir John Burgoyne" (1872). Head, Sir George. Born near Rochester, England, 1782: died at London, May 2, 1855. An English traveler. He published "A Home Tour through the Manufacturing Districts of England in the Summer of 1835" (1835-37). Headley (hed'li), Joel Tyler. Born at Walton, Delaware County, N. Y., Dec. 30, 1813: died at Newburg, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1897. An American writer. He published numerous historical and biographical works, including "Napoleon and his Marshals" (1846), "Life of Washington" (1857), etc. Headley, Phineas Camp. Born at Walton, Delaware County, N. Y., June 24, 1819. An American clergyman and writer on biographical miscellaneous subjects, brother of Joel Tyler Headley. His works include "The Court and Camp of David" (1868), etc. Headlong Hall. A novel by Peacock, published in 1816. Headsman, The. A novel by Cooper, published in 1833. Headstone (hed's ton), Bradley. In Dickens's "Our Mutual Friend," an ungainly and stiff but excitable schoolmaster, madly in love with Lizzie Hexam, and the deadly enemy and would-be murderer of Eugene Wrayburn. Healey (he'li), George Peter Alexander. Born July 15, 1818: died June 24, 1894. An American portrait-painter. Hearne (hern), Samuel. Born at London, 1745: died 1792. An English explorer in British North America 1769-72. He wrote an "Account of a Journey from Prince of Wales's Fort in Hudson's Bay to the North-West, undertaken... for the discovery of Copper Mines, a North-West Pa age," etc. (1795). Hearne, Thomas. Born at White Waltham, Berks, England, 1678: died June 10, 1735. An English antiquary. He edited Spelman's "Life of Alfred the Great," Leland's "Itinerary" and "Collectanea," Robert of Gloucester, Fordun, etc. Heart of England. A name given to War wicks hire from its central position. Heart of Mid loth i an, The. A novel by Sir Walter Scott, published in 1818: so called from the popular name of the Tolbooth, an Edinburgh prison, demolished in 1817. This story is supposed to have been written by Peter Patties on, a schoolmaster, and edited by his friend Jedediah Cleishbotham to defray his funeral expenses. It is one of the "Tales of my Landlord." The scene is laid in the time of the Porteous riot in the reign of George II. Heart's Content. A seaport and cable terminus in Newfoundland, situated on Trinity Bay in lat. 47° 53′ N., long. 53° 22′ W. Heath (heth), William. Born at Roxbury, Ma ., March 7 (27), 1737: died at Roxbury, Jan. 24, 1814. An American general in the Revolu tionary War. He was a member of the Provincial Congre 1774-75; was appointed brigadier-general in the Provincial army Dec. 8, 1774; and organized the forces at Cambridge before the battle of Bunker Hill. On the organ Hecatæus of Miletus party in the Commune, but was released in consequence demonstration in favor mob. He instituted, in conjunction with Chaumette and An achars is Clootz, the worship of the godde Reason, and organized the ultra-revolutionary party known as the Hébe tists or enragés. He was the principal witne before the Revolutionary tribunal against Marie Antoinette, whom he accused of incest with her son, and procured the downfall of Fabre d'Eglantine, Des moulins, and Danton. He was sent to the guillotine by Robes pierre, and died amid the jeers of the mob whose pa ion for blood he had helped Hebrew (he'brö). The language spoken by the Hebrews, one of the northern or Can a an i tic divisions of the Semitic family of languages. It is the language of the books of the Old Testament (with the exception of portions of Daniel and Ezra), and became extinct as a vernacular tongue 3 centuries before the Christian era. It is still the language of the synagogue, and is ization of the Continental army he was commi ioned brig employed as a scholars' language; has an extensive post adier-general June 22, 1775, being promoted major-general Aug. 9, 1776. He wrote "Memoirs of Major-General William Heath" (1798). Heath coat (heth'kōt), John. Born at Duffield, near Derby, England, 1783: died near Tiverton, England, Jan., 1861. An English manufacturer, inventor of a lace-making machine (about 1808). Heath field, Baron. See Eliot , George August us . Heaven field, Battle of (634? 635). A battle fought near the wall of Ant on in us in the north of England, where Oswald of Nor thumb ria defeated the Britons under Cad wall on (Cadwalla), who fell in the engagement. According to legend, Oswald entertained a vision of St. Columba, the founder of Hii, in a dream the night before the battle. The appari- tion shrouded the English camp with its mantle, and said to Oswald, "Be strong, and do like a man: lo! I am with thee." On the morrow Oswald communicated his dream to the army, which, with the enthusiasm born of peril, pledged itself to become Christian if it conquered in the fight for in the whole Northumbrian host only Oswald and 12 nobles from Hii were Christians. So Oswald, as- sisted by his soldiers, set up a cro of wood as a standard, and the field of battle was in after times called Heaven's field, in allusion to the miraculous intervention of heaven of which it was the scene. Hebbel (heb'bel), Fried rich. Born at Wes- selburen, Schleswig-Holstein, March 18, 1813: died at Vienna, Dec. 13, 1863. A German dra- matic and lyric poet. His chief dramas are "Geno- veva" (1843), "Maria Magdalene" (1844), "Die Nibelun- gen" (1862). Hebe (he'bē). [L., from Gr. " Hẞn , a personifica- tion of youth.] 1. In Greek mythology, the godde of youth and spring; the personifica tion of eternal and exuberant youth, and, until supplanted in this office by Ganymede, the cup- bearer of Olympus. She was a daughter of Zeus and Hera, who gave her as wife to Hercules after his deific a- tion, as a reward of his achievements. 2. The sixth planetoid, discovered by Henke at Driesen in 1847. Hebel (ha'bel), Johann Peter. Born at Basel, Switzerland, May 11, 1760: died at Schwetzingen, Baden, Sept. 22, 1826. A German poet. He was the son of a poor weaver. By the a istance of friends he was enabled to attend school, and subsequently studied theology at Erlangen. He was afterward profe or in Karlsruhe, and held various ecclesiastical titles. His principal work is his "Alemannische Gedichte" (poems in the Alamannic dialect), which appeared in 1803. A number of prose narratives appeared first in "Der rhein- ische Hausfreund" 1808-11, and were collected under the title Schatzkastlein des rheinischen Hausfreundes" (1811). Heber (he'ber), or Eber (ē'ber). The epony- mous ancestor of the ancient Hebrews. See Hebrews . Heber (he'ber), Reginald. Born at Malpas, Cheshire, April 21, 1783: died at Tri chino poly, British India, April 2, 1826. An English prel- ate and hymn-writer, made bishop of Calcutta in 1823. He wrote the poem "Palestine," which gained the Oxford prize in 1802 (published 1809). In the "Hymns written and adapted to the Weekly Church Service of the Year," 58 are by Bishop Heber, including "From Green- land's Icy Mountains," "Brightest and Best," "Holy, holy, holy, Lord God Almighty," etc. Heber, Richard. Born at Westminster, Eng- land, 1773: died Oct., 1833. An English book- collector, half-brother of Reginald Heber. Hébert (a-bar'), Antoine Auguste Ernest. Born at Grenoble, France, Nov. 3, 1817. A French painter. Hébert, Jacques René, surnamed Le Père Duchesne. Born at Alençon, France, 1755: died at Paris, March 24, 1794. A notorious French revolutionist. He was of obscure parentage and limited education, and at the beginning of the French Revolution was living in poverty at Paris, having lost at least two situations through malversation. On the outbreak of the Revolution he acquired influence in the clubs as a scurri- lous and violent but ready speaker and writer, and was chosen to edit a new Revolutionary paper called "Le Père Duchesne" from a popular constitutional paper of the same name. He became widely known in the provinces and in the army under the name of his paper; was a leader of the most violent faction in the Revolutionary Commune after Aug. 10, 1792; and was appointed substi- tute to the procureur syndic Sept. 2 following. On May 24, 1793, he was arrested by order of the more moderate biblical and even modern literature; and is becoming the vernacular of the Jews of Palestine. Hebrew Melodies. A collection of poems by Lord Byron, published in 1815. Hebrews (he bröz). [Aram. ' ebrdyd , Heb. ibri (pl. ibrím ), a Hebrew, referred to an eponyside' (of the Euphrates).] The members of that mous Eber or Heber: orig. 'those of the other branch of the Semitic family of mankind descended, according to tradition, from Heber, the great-grandson of Shem, in the line of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; the Israeli tes; the Jews. These tribes, first of all trans-Euphratian, which had become, by cro ing the stream, cis-Euphratian, took the generic name of Hebrew (Ibrim, those of the other side'), though we do not know whether they took it when they placed the Euphrates between themselves and their brethren who remained in the Paddan-Aram, or whether it was the Can a a nites who called them "those from beyond," or, to be more accurate, "those who had cro ed the river. Renan, Hist. of the People of Israel, I. 76. Hebrews, Epistle to the. One of the books of the New Testament, addre ed to Christians of Hebrew birth dwelling in Rome, or perhaps in Palestine or Alexandria. Its chief object is to pre sent a parallel between the symbolism of the Old Testa ment dispensation and the life-work of Christ. The author is unknown - perhaps Barnabas, or le probably Apollos. The authorship has often been ascribed to the apostle Paul, but this view is contrary to the weight of authority of the early church, and is opposed by most modern scholars. A probable date of composition is about A. D. 65. He brides (heb'ri-dēz), or Western Isles. [NL. He brides , an error for L. Hebudes (Pliny), var. of Hebudæ , Gr. " Έβουδαι (Ptolemy), pl. of "Εβουδα, applied to the principal island.) A group of isl ands west of Scotland, the ancient Ebude (Ptolemy) or Hebudes (Pliny). It comprises the Outer He brides (Lewis and Harris, which together form the largest island, North Uist, South Uist, Barra, and smaller islands) the Inner He brides (Skye, Mull, Eigg, Coll, Colon say, Jura, Islay, and smaller islands), Bute and Arran are also sometimes included in the He brides. The islands are noted for picturesque scenery. Politically they form part of Scotland, Lewis (or the Lewes) being in Ro -shire, and the rest of the group partly in Inverne and partly in Argyll. The early Celtic inhabitants were Christian i zed by