Oidium (oidium)

[NL., II. n. A member of the Oigopsida . Oigopside (oi-gop'si-dē), n. pl. [NL.] A series (technically not a family) of decapod dibranchiate cephalopods which are not myopsid. oiko-. For words so beginning, see aco-, eco-. oikos, n. See oicos, 2. oil (oil), n. [Early mod. E. oile, oyle (dial. ile ); ogre 2 (ō'gres), n. [Appar. an error for * ogoe , ogoe e , "an ogre e or gun-bullet (must be sable) in blazon" (Cotgrave). The F. form is printed ogre e in Sherwood's index to Cotplural. grave, but ogoe e is in Roque fort and in heral- -oideæ. [NL., fem. pl. of -oideus .] A term in a- dic glo aries.] In her ., a roundel sable. tion of some New Latin terms of botany, etc. ogrillon (o-gril'yon), n. [A dim. of ogre .] A -oidei. [NL., masc. pl. of -oideus .] A term in a- little or young ogre. His children, who, though ogrillons , are children! Thackeray , Roundabout Papers, Ogres. Ogygian (ō-jij'i-an), a . [ Ogyges , also Ogygus , tion of some New Latin terms of science. Oidemia (oi-dē'mi-ä), n. See Edemia. -oides. [L., NL., etc., -oides, animal and vegetable origin, and are subdivided into the drying and the non - drying oils. The former cla includes all oils which thicken when exposed to the air through the absorption of oxygen, and are converted thereby into varnish, as, for example, linseed-, nut-, poppy-, and hempseed oils. The non-drying oils when exposed to the air also undergo a change induced by fermentation, resulting in the formation of acrid, disagreeably smelling, acid substances. The fixed vegetable oils are generally prepared by subjecting the seeds of the plant to pre ure; the animal oils are, for the most part, the fluid parts of the fat of animals. Fixed oils are used as lubricants, as sources of artificial light, for the manufacture of soaps, and for many other purposes in the arts. E ential or volatile oils are generally obtained by distilling the vegetables which afford them with water; they are acrid, caustic, aromatic, and limpid, and are mostly soluble in alcohol, forming e ences. They boil at a temperature considerably above that of boiling water, some of them undergoing partial decomposition. Chemically considered, some are pure hydrocarbons (terpines), but most of them are mixtures of terpines with certain camphors and resins. They absorb oxygen quite rapidly, producing ozone, which gives to them bleaching properties. They are used chiefly in medicine and perfumery; and a few of them are extensively employed in the arts as vehicles for colors, and in the manufacture of varnishes, especially oil of turpentine. Mineral oils, petroleum and its derivatives, are mixtures of hydrocarbons, some being exclusively paraffins, others containing varying quantities of hydrocarbons of the olefine and benzene series. They are only of mineral origin, while the fatty and e ential oils are solely of animal and vegetable origin. The mineral oils are now most largely religious and ceremonial purposes under Judaism and Christianity as well as in other religions. Under the Mosaic law it was mingled with or poured upon the flour or meal of the offerings at the consecration of priests and Levites, those at the daily sacrifices, etc., and "meat-offerings" (meal-offerings) in general. Kings, priests, and prophets were anointed with oil (whence the title Me iah or Christ). The oil for the sanctuary and for unction of priests was mixed with myrrh, cinnamon, calamus, and ca ia (Ex. xxx. 22-33). In the Christian church anointing inanimate objects with oil signifies hallowing or dedicating them to God, and unction of persons symbolizes the bestowal of the gifts or graces of the Holy Ghost and per IMG:content-1667.png:[blocks in formation] Here first she bathes, and round her body pours Soft oils of fragrance, and ambrosial show'rs. Pope , Iliad, xiv. 198. Specifically-2. Oil as used for burning in a lamp, to afford light: as, to burn the midnight oil (alluding to nocturnal study). In reason whereof, I am perswaded that none of indifferent judgmente shall think his oyle and labour lost. Touchstone of Complexions , Pref., p. vii. ( Davies .) A cut of oil, the quantity of oil from one cutting in that is, yielded by one whale. - And i rob a-oil. Same as carap oil. See Carapa, 1. - Aniline oil. See aniline. - Animal oil, a fetid, pungent, and nauseous oil, obtained chiefly by the dry distillation of bones in the manufacture of boneblack. When rectified it is known as Dippel's oil (which see).-Anthracene oil. Same as green grease (which see, under grease ). - Arachis-oil. See Arachis. Argan-oil. See argan -tree. - Balm-oil. Same as meli a -oil. - Bank oil. See bank1. - Banks oil. See cod - liver oil, under cod liver.- Basil-oil. See basil 1. - Ba ia oil. See Ba ia and illupi.Benne-oil. Same as oil of sesamum.- Bergamot-oil. See bergamot1 and mint2. - Bitter-almond oil. See almond-oil. - Body-oil, ordinary whale-oil, from the blubber: distinguished from head - oil. - Boiled oil, a dry ing-oil made by boiling a small quantity of litharge in linseed-oil till it is di olved. - Bottlenose oil. See bottle nose. Brick-oil, in old phar., linseed-oil into which red hot roughly powdered brick had been stirred. - British oil, a rubefacient liniment composed of oil of turpentine, linseed-oil, oil of amber, oil of juniper, Barbados petroleum, and crude petroleum. - Camphorated oil, camphor liniment.-Camphor-wood oil. Same as camphor -oil, 2.Cananga-oil. Same as ylang -ylang oil. Cardamom-oil, an aromatic volatile oil from the ordinary cardamom; also, a fixed oil from the same plant. - Cedar-oil. (a) A volatile oil from the wood of the red cedar, Juniper us Virgi niana, used in scenting soap, and in medicine as a substitute for savin-oil. (b) An oil of indifferent scent from the Lebanon cedar.-Cevadilla-oil, a fixed oil from cevadilla seeds. See cevadilla. - Chabert's oil, a preparation obtained from impure empyreumatic oil and oil of turpentine by distillation, formerly used as a tænicide. - Chaulmugra-oil, an East Indian medicinal oil, which has recently come into Western practice, expre ed from the seeds contained in the pulpy fruit of Gynocardia odorata. It is used for elephantiasis, etc. Also chaulmoogra -oil. - Cherry-oil, an oil extracted from the stones of the American black cher ry, Prunus serotina. - Chinese oil of peppermint, menthol, or oil of peppermint with an exce of menthol.Chironji-oil, a sweet wholesome oil from the nut-kernels of an East Indian forest-tree, Buchanania latifolia, of the An a card i ace a.- Citron-oil, a fragrant volatile oil from the fruit-rind and leaves of the citron, Citrus medic a. Also called cedrate e ence or oil. - Clock-oil. Same as watch oil or porpoise -oil. Cod-liver oil. See cod-liver.- Cohune-oil, a fixed oil from the kernels of the cohune-palm, Attalea Cohune. - Concrete oil of wine. Same as ether in. tion of sovereigns, etc.: also called chrism. (3) Oil of the sick, oil used at the unction of the sick. See euchelaion and unction. (b) Especially, in the Greek Church, oil which has been in contact with a relic or other sacred object, or has been taken from a church lamp. - Illupi-oil. See illu pi. Iodized oil, a combination of iodine with almond-oil. -Jatropha-oil, oil expre ed from Barbados nuts. -Kekune-oil, oil expre ed from the fruit of Aleurites Moluccana. Laurel-oil, both a fixed and an e ential oil yielded by the berries of the true laurel. For the former, see bay - oil. Lemon-gra oil. See lemon -gra . - Light oil. Same as coal - tar naphtha (which see, under naphtha ). Light oil of wine, etherol: a yellowish oily aromatic liquid ob 4096 tained from the heavy oil of wine by the action of water. -London oil, rosin-oil. It is a product of the distillation of turpentine, and comes over after the lighter spirits or oil of turpentine. It is used as an adulterant for siccative oils, as linseed-oil, by manufacturers of mixed paints, etc. Also called kidney -oil. - Maca ar oil, a fixed oil originally from the berries of Stadmannia Sideroxylon, a large tree of Mauritius: but the maca ar oil of the market is said to consist chiefly of cocoanut or safflower-oil. Malabar oil, an oil obtained from the livers of various fishes, as sharks and rays, found on the coasts of Malabar and Kurrachee, India. - Marking-nut oil. See marking nut. Matico-oil, volatile oil from Piper an gust i folium. See maticol.- Midnight oil. See def. 2.- Mineral oil. See def. 1.-Mirbane oil, nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2 + H2O), formed by treating benzene with nitric acid. It has a smell resembling oil of bitter almonds, and is sometimes used in perfumery. - Myrrh-oil, a volatile oil obtained from the myrrh-tree, Commiphora Myrrha. - Nagka aroil. See Mesua. Neat's-foot oil. See neat1.- Oil of amber. See amber2.- Oil of and a. See Joannes i a.Oil of angelst, money used as an alleviative or motive; a gift; a bribe: in allusion to the coin called angel. [Humorous.] My Mother pampered me so long, and secretly helped mee to the oyle of Angels , that I grew thereby prone to all mischiefs. Greene, Repentance of Robert Greene, sig. C. Oil of anise. See anise. - Oil of asafetida, a volatile oil of an exceedingly offensive odor distilled from asafetida.Oil of bast on, a basting or beating. [Humorous.] -Oil of bay. (a) Same as bay -oil. (b) Oil of myrcia. - Oil of ben. Same as ben - oil. - Oil of bergamot. See bergamot.- Oil of birch. (a) An empyreumatic oil distilled from the bark of Betula alba. It gives Ru ian leather its peculiar odor. (b) Punishment with a birchen switch; a beating. [Humorous.] - Oil of cade. Same as cade -oil. - Oil of cajeput. See cajeput.- Oil of camomile, a volatile oil with a warm aromatic taste, distilled from the flowers of An the mis nobilis. - Oil of caraway, carrot, cinnamon, cloves. See caraway, etc.- Oil of Chinese cinnamon, oil of ca ia. - Oil of copaiba, a volatile oil distilled from, and with the odor and taste of, copaiba. - Oil of coriander, a volatile oil with a mild and agreeable aromatic taste and odor, distilled from the fruit of Cor i and rum sativum. - Oil of cubebs, a volatile oil with a warm aromatic camphoraceous taste, distilled from the fruit of Piper Cubeba.- Oil of cumin, dill, erigeron, eucalyptus. See cumin, etc.-Oil of ergot, a medicinal volatile oil extracted from ergot of rye.- Oil of fennel, a volatile oil of an agreeable odor and sweetish aromatic taste, distilled from the fruit of Feniculum vulgare. Its use is similar to that of oil of anise. - Oil of geranium. See Andropo gon and ginger -gra . - Oil of hedeoma, an oil obtained from the fresh herb of Hedeoma pulegeoides, peculiar to North America. It is analogous in its properties to the oil of the European pennyroyal, though derived from a distinct plant. Also called oil of pennyroyal. -Oil of holly, a switching with a holly stick; a beating. [Humorous.)Oil of juniper, an oil distilled from juniper-berries. It has a taste and odor much like those of turpentine, with which it is often adulterated. It is an efficient ingredient of diuretic mixtures, especially in the form of Holland gin. It is to be distinguished from the oil of juniper-wood, or cade-oil.- Oil of lavender, ledum, lemons. See laven der2, etc.- Oil of lilies, a fragrant infusion of the flowers of Lilium candidum in oil. - Oil of mace. See nutmeg butter.- Oil of ma oy, a volatile oil obtained from the bark of Cinnamomum Burmanni, var. Kiamis, of Java. Oil of mustard. See mustard.- Oil of myrcia. See wild clove, under clove4.- Oil of myrtle, a volatile oil obtained from the leaves of Myrtus communis.- Oil of neroli. Same as oil of orange-flowers.- Oil of nutmegs. See nutmeg- butter.-Oil of orange-flowers, a volatile oil distilled from fresh orange-flowers, whose fragrant odor it po e es. It is used in the preparation of Cologne water.- Oil of orange-peel, an aromatic oil extracted by mechanical means from fresh orange-peel. It is used in flavoring. - Oil of origanum, marjoram-oil-Oil of orris-root, a solid crystallizable substance distilled from orris-root.-Oil of palms, money. [Humorous.] - Oil of parsley, a volatile oil obtained from the fruit of Petroseli num sativum.-Oil of pennyroyal. Same as oil of hedeoma. Oil of peppermint, an oil obtained from the fresh herbs of Mentha piper it a by distillation with water. Its peculiar odor, similar to that of the plant, is due to the menthol, or peppermint-camphor, which it contains. - Oil of pimento, a volatile oil obtained from the fruit of Eugenia Piment a. It is one of the ingredients of bay-rum. Also called oil of allspice.- Oil of red cedar, a volatile oil ob tained from the leaves of Juniper us Virgin i an a. Oil of rhodium, a volatile oil distilled from the root of different species of Convolvulus. - Oil of rose, a volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowers of different species of rose. Also called attar, otto, or e ence of roses. See attar. Oil of rosemary, a volatile oil distilled from Rosmarinus offici nalis. - Oil of rue, a volatile oil distilled from Ruta grave olens.- Oil of sandalwood. Same as oil of santal. - Oil of santal, a volatile oil distilled from santal or sandalwood. It is chiefly used as a perfume, but also as a medicine. - Oil of sa afras, an oil distilled from the roots of the sa afras-tree. It is one of the heaviest of the volatile oils.-Oil of santonica, a volatile oil distilled from santonica.- Oil of savin, a volatile oil distilled from the fresh branches of Juniper us Sabina. Oil of sesamum, a bland, sweetish, non-drying oil expre ed from the seed of Sesamum Indicum: used as a substitute for sweet-oil. See benne. Also called sesame - oil, benne -oil, gingili - oil, and teel-oil.- Oil of spearmint, an oil resembling that of peppermint, distilled from fresh plants of Mentha virid is.-Oil of spike. See oil of lavender, under lavender2.- Oil of spruce, oil of hemlock.- Oil of talct, a nostrum formerly famous as a cosmetic, probably because talc, when cal cined, became very white, and was considered a fit substi tute for ceruse. He should have brought me some fresh oil of tale ; These ceruses are common. Mas singer, City Madam, iv. 2. Oil of tansy, a volatile oil distilled from the leaves and tips of Tan acetum vulgare.- Oil of tar, a volatile oil distilled from tar.- Oil of theobroma, a fixed oil expre ed from the seed of Theobroma Cacao , the chocolate-nut. It is a yellowish-white solid, with an agreeable odor and chocolate-like taste. It is used chiefly as an ingredient in cosmetics and suppositories. Also called cacao-butter. -Oil of thyme, a volatile oil with a strong odor of thyme, distilled from the flowering plants of Thymus vul- garis. It is used chiefly for its antiseptic properties.- Oil of tobacco, a tar-like poisonous liquid resulting from dry distillation of tobacco.- Oil of turpentine. See tur- pentine. - Oil of valerian, a volatile oil obtained from the root of Valerian a officinal is.-Oil of vitriol, sulphuric acid.- Oil of wheat, a fixed oil expre ed from wheat.- Oil of wormseed, a volatile oil distilled from the fruit of Che no podium ant helm int i cum , used almost exclusively as an anthelmintic.- Old oil, among watchmakers, olive-oil after it has been purified and rendered limpid. - Ompha- cine oil. See omphacine . Phosphorated oil, a solution of phosphorus in oil of almonds. - Poppy-seed oil, a yel- lowish pleasant-tasting oil extracted from the seeds of Papaver somniferum. It is used as a substitute for or an adulterant of olive-oil. - Portia-nut oil, a thick deep-red oil yielded by the seeds of Thespesia populnea . - Potato- spirit oil, amyl alcohol. - Pre ed oil, oil of the gram- pus , Grampus grise us : a trade-name. - Provence oil, an esteemed kind of olive-oil produced in Aix. - Rape-oil, a bland oil expre ed from the seeds of Bra ica campestris , var. Rapa . Raw oil, commonly, raw linseed-oil, in dis- tinct i on from boiled linseed-oil. - Red oil, a preparation made by macerating the tops of Hypericum per for a tum in olive-oil. - Seed-oil, one of various oils, including those from til-seed, poppy-seed, and the physic-nut.- Sirin- ga-oil, a fixed oil yielded by the seeds of Hevea Brasi- liens is , useful for hard soaps and printing-ink.-Siri-oil. Same as lemon -gra oil. Spanish walnut oil, oil of Aleurites Moluccana . - Straits oil, fish-oil pre ed from the carca es of menhaden: formerly a name given to pure cod-liver oil manufactured from the livers of fish caught in the straits between Newfoundland and Labrador, whence the name, now transferred to the coarser product obtained from the menhaden. - Sweet-bay oil, the volatile laurel- oil. - Teel-oil. See oil of sesamum . - To pour oil on the fire. See fire . - To strike oil, to discover petroleum by boring; hence (in allusion to the sudden fortunes made in the first years after the discovery of petroleum in Penn- sylvan i a), to come upon something very profitable. [Col- loq.]-Tucum oil, an oil obtained from the fruit of As- trocaryum vulgare . - Virgin oil. See olive-oil. -Volatile oil. See volatile . - Wood-oil, an oleoresin obtained from the trunk of Dipterocarp us turbinatus . Also called gurjun balsam .-Ylang-ylang oil, a fragrant volatile oil distilled from the flowers of Cananga odorata . Also called Cananga- oil . (See also ben - oil , bone -oil, castor-oil, kundah -oil, linseed- oil, lubricating-oil, nutmeg -oil, palm -oil, porpoise -oil, ray- oil, rock - oil , shark - oil , sperm - oil , train - oil , tung - oil .) oil (oil), v. t . [ oilen , oylen , oilier = F. huiler It. ogliare , oleare , oil, oleum , oil: see oil , n. Cf. anoil , aneal2 .] 1. Το smear or rub over with oil; prepare for use by the application of oil: as, to oil a rag; oiled paper or silk.-2. To anoint with oil.-3. Το render smooth by the application of oil; lu- bricate: as, to oil machinery; hence, figura- tively, to render oily and bland; make smooth and pleasing. Thou hast a tongue, I hope, that is not oil'd With flattery: be open. Ford, Lover's Melancholy, ii. 1. Oiled leather. See leather. - Oiled paper, paper saturated with oil, either (1) to render it transparent and thus fit it for tracing purposes, or (2) to make it water-proof, as in China, Japan, etc., where oiled paper is extensively used for umbrellas, water-pails, lanterns, rain-clothes, etc. - Oiled sheets, in printing, paper that has been saturated with oil and dried, applied to the impre ion-surfaces of printing-pre es to resist the set-off or transfer of ink from newly printed sheets. - Oiled silk, silk impregnated with boiled oil, semi-transparent and water-proof. It is much used in tailoring and dre making as a guard against perspiration, as in the lining of parts of garments, etc.To oil out, in painting, to rub a thin coating of drying-oil over (the parts of a picture intended to be retouched). The slight film left behind takes a fresh pigment more readily than a perfectly dry surface would. -oil. [An arbitrary variant of -ol.] In chem., а termination denoting an ether derived from a phenol: as, anisoil (formerly called anisol ). oil-bag (oil'bag), n. 1. In animals, a bag, cyst, or gland containing oil.-2. A bag, made of a coarse fabric, used to inclose materials in an oil-pre .-3. A bag containing oil for any purpose, as, at sea, for spreading a film of oil over the surface of the water in a storm. See oil distributer.