o'val

a., one in which the flaps are obtained by oval incisions through the skin and muscles. patholog'isal a., one nece itated by cancer or other disease of the limb and not by an injury. pri'mary a., intermediate a. rack'et a., a circular or slightly oval a., in which a long incision is made in the axis of the limb, rectan'gular a., one in which the flaps are fashioned in this shape, root a., removal of the apical portion of the root of a tooth, sec'ondary a., one performed some time after an injury when suppuration has set in sponta'neo us a., congenital a. sub a strag'alar a., a. of the foot in which only the astragalus is retained, Malgaigne's a. subperios'teal a., one in which the periosteum is stripped back from the bone and replaced afterward, forming a periosteal flap over the cut end. syn'chronous a., a. of two parts performed at the same time by two operators.