rachitis (rakitis)

[NL. (Dr. Gli on, 1650, in his work "De Rachitide "), as if lit. 'inflammation of the spine' (prop. rhachitis, rine formation of annular thickenings on the diaphyses of the long bones. Also called rachitis intra - uterina annu laris. - Rachitis fœtalis micro melic a, intra-uterine stunting of the bones in their longitudinal growth. Also called rachitis uterina micro melic a. rach i to me (rak'i-tōm), n. [Also rhachitome; rach i to mous (rā-kit'ō-mus), a. [Also rhachito mous; Both kinds of vertebræ ( rach i to mous and embolomerous) can be found in the same animal. Science, VI. 98. racial (rā'sial), a. [ Man, as he lived on the earth during the time when the most striking racial characteristics were being developed. W. H. Flower , Encyc. Brit., XV. 445. racially (rā'sial-i), adv. In a racial manner; in relation to or as influenced by race or lineage. The unification of the racially most potent people of whom we have record. The Academy, Aug. 3, 1889, p. 66. IMG:content-1540.png:[blocks in formation] racine (rā'si-nes), n. [ racing (ra's ing), n. [Verbal n. of racel, v.] The running of races; the occupation or busine of arranging for or carrying on races, especially between horses. The Queen [Anne] was fond of racing , and gave her 100%. gold cups to be run for, as now: nay more, she not only kept race horses, but ran them in her own name. Ashton , Social Life in Reign of Queen Anne, I. 302. racing-bell (rā'sing-bel), п . A grelot or small bell given as a prize for a horse-race: such a prize was frequent in the sixteenth century. Bells of this form exist of silver, from an inch to two inches and a half in diameter, with inscriptions and dates. racing-bit (rā'sing-bit), n. A light jointed ring bit, the loose rings of which range in size from 3 to 6 inches. racing-calendar (rā'sing-kal"en-där), n. A detailed list of races run or to be run. Dan. rack1 (rak), v. t. [Early mod. E. also wrack (by confusion with wrack1 ); not found as a verb in ME. or AS., except the secondary forms AS. reccan, as below, and ME. raxen, ME. recchen, stretch, also tell: see retch1 and rack7, reckon ), = OS. rekkian, stretch, = MD. recken, D. rekken = MLG. reken, stretch, = OHG. rec chan, MHG. recken, stretch, extend, Icel. rek ja, stretch, trace (cf. rekkja, strain), = række = Sw. räcka, reach, hand, stretch, = Goth. * rakjan, in comp. uf - rakjan, stretch out; prob. = L. regere, rule, lit. 'stretch out, make straight' (in por - rigere, stretch forth, e - rigere, straighten out, erect, etc.) (pp. rectus, straight, =E. right ), = Gr. ὀρέγειν, stretch, = Lith. razau, razyti, stretch, = Skt. √ arj, stretch. Akin to rake2, reach, extend, but prob, not to rakel, nor to reach1, with which, however, rack1 has been partly confused. The verb and esp. the noun rack show great confusion and mixture of senses, and complete separation is difficult. In some senses the verb is from the noun.] 1. To stretch; stretch out; strain by force or violence; extend by stretching or straining. Which yet they rack higher to foure hundred threescore and ten you sand yeares. Purchas, Pilgrimage, p. 54. I know your hearts are like two lutes rack'd up To the same pitch. The Slighted Maid , p. 53. ( Nares .) Suits in love should not, Like suits in law, be rack'd from term to term. Shirley, Hyde Park, i. 2. 2. To strain so as to rend; wrench by strain or jar; rend; disintegrate; disjoint: as, a racking cough; to rack a ship to pieces by slanting shot. The duke Dare no more stretch this finger of mine than he Dare rack his own. Shak ., M. for M., v. 1. 317. 3. To torture by violent stretching; stretch on a frame by means of a windla ; subject to the punishment of the rack. See rack1, n., 2 (b). He was racked and miserably tormented, to the intent he should either chaunge his opinion or confe e other of his profe ion. Foxe , A Table of French Martyrs, an. 1551. An answer was returned by Lord Killultagh to the effect that "you ought to rack him if you saw cause, and hang him if you found reason." Encyc . Brit ., XXIII. 466. Noblemen were exempt, the vulgar thought, From racking , but, since law thinks otherwise, I have been put to the rack. Browning , Ring and Book, I. 202. Hence-4. To put in torment; affect with great pain or distre ; torture in any way; disturb violently. 4928 My soul is rack'd till you di olve my fears. Beau . and Fl . (?), Faithful Friends, i. 1. Lord, how my soul is rack'd betwixt the world and thee! Quarles , Emblems, v. 9. I will not rack myself with the Thought. Steele , Grief A-la-Mode, v. 1. Kinraid was racked with agony from his dangling broken leg, and his very life seemed leaving him. Mrs. Gaskell , Sylvia's Lovers, xxxviii. 5. To strain with anxiety, eagerne , curiosity, or the like; subject to strenuous effort or intense feeling; worry; agitate: as, to rack one's invention or memory. A barbarous phrase has often made me out of love with a good sense; and doubtful writing hath wracked me beyond my patience. B. Jonson , Discoveries. It doth rack my brain why they should stay thus. Shirley, Love in a Maze, v. 5. 6. To stretch or draw out of normal condition or relation; strain beyond measure or propriety; wrest; warp; distort; exaggerate; overstrain: chiefly in figurative uses. Albeit this is one of the places that hath been racked , as I told you of racking Scriptures. Latimer , Sermon of the Plough. For it so falls out That what we have we prize not to the worth While we enjoy it, but, being lack'd and lost, Why, then we rack the value. Shak., Much Ado, iv. 1. 222. IMG:content-1541.png:[blocks in formation] Spenser , Mother Hub. Tale, 1. 1306. Why, honest master, here lies all my money, The money I ha' rack'd by usury. Fletcher ( and another ), Sea Voyage, i. 1. Good for nought but to persuade their lords To rack their rents and give o'er housekeeping. Middle ton, Anything for a Quiet Life, i. 1. rack was laid, having at one end a fixed bar to which one pair of limbs was fastened, and at the other end a movable bar Rack. Galows and racke . Caxton, tr. of Reynard the Fox (ed. Arber), p. 24. Take him hence; to the rack with him! We'll touse you Joint by joint, but we will know his purpose. Shak., M. for M., v. 1. 313. 3. Punishment by the rack, or by some similar means of torture. You have found a Person who would suffer Racks in Honour's Cause. Congreve, Way of the World, iv. 13. Hence-4. A state of torture or extreme suffering, physical or mental; great pain; rending anxiety; anguish. See on the rack , below. A fit of the stone puts a king to the rack , and makes him as miserable as it does the meanest subject. Sir W. Temple . 5. A grating or open framework of bars, wires, or pegs on or in which articles are arranged or deposited: much used in composition, as in bottle- rack, card- rack, hat- rack, letter- rack, etc. Specifically-(a) A grating on which bacon is laid. (b) An open wooden framework placed above a manger or the like, in which fodder for horses or cattle is laid. From their full racks the generous steeds retire. Add is on. (c) An openwork siding, high and flaring outward, placed on a wagon for the conveyance of hay or straw, grain in the sheaf, other light and bulky material. (d) In print Shak ., 2 Hen. VI., i. 3. 131. Here are no hard Landlords to racke vs with high rents, or extorting fines. Capt. John Smith, Works, II. 186. 9. In mining, to wash on the rack. See rack1, n., 5 (1).-10. Τo place on or in a rack or frame made for the purpose, either for storage or for temporary need, as for draining, drying, or the like.-11. To form into or as if into a rack or grating; give the appearance of a rack to. 12. Naut., to seize together with cro -turns, as two ropes. - Racking turns, turns taken alternately over and under ropes, to bind them together. - To rack a tackle, to seize two parts of a tackle together with ropeyarn or spun-yarn, so that, if the fall is let go, the strain will not be loosened. lishes rack1 (rak), п. [ Hevie rekkes binde to hire fet. = Early Eng. Poems and Lives of Saints (ed. Furnivall), xv. [192. 2. A frame or apparatus for stretching or straining. Specifically-( a ) A windla or winch for bending a bow; the part of the cro bow in which the gaffle moved. Hall i well. These bows were bent only by a man's immediate strength, without the help of any bender or rack. Bp. Wilkins , Math. Magick. ( Latham .) (b) An instrument of torture by means of which the limbs were pulled in different directions, so that the whole body was subjected to a great tension, sufficient sometimes to cause the bones to leave their sockets. The form of application of the torture differed at different times. The rack consisted e entially of a platform on which the body supports, for the storing of cases, of boards or galleys of type, etc.: distinguished as case - rack galley - rack, etc. (e) Naut., a fair-leader for a running rigging. (f) The cobiron of a grate. Hall i well. (g) A framework for a table aboard ship to hold dishes, etc., so as to keep them from sliding or falling off: same as fiddle, 2. (h) A frame for holding round shot in holes; a shot-rack. (i) In metal., an inclined wooden table on which fine ore is washed on a small scale. It is one of the various simpler forms of the buddle. (j) In woolen - cloth manuf., a frame in a stove or room heated by steam-pipes on which the cloth is stretched tightly after washing with fullers' earth. (lt) In organ building, one of the thin boards, with perforations, which support the upper part of the feet of the pipes. 6. In mach., a straight or very slightly curved metallic bar, with teeth on one of its edges, adapted to work into the teeth of a wheel, pinion, or endle screw, for converting a circular IMG:content-1542.png:[blocks in formation] into a rectilinear motion, or vice vers a. If the rack is curved, it is called a segment - rack. If the teeth are placed on the rack obliquely and it is used with a worm instead of a wheel, it forms a rack - and - worm gear; in the cut, a is the worm, b the rack, and e a friction wheel on which the back of b rolls, and which holds b in termeshed with a. See also cut under mutilated. 7. An anglers' creel or fish-basket.-8. A fish weir.-9. A measure of lacework counting 240 meshes perpendicularly.-10. Reach: as, to work by rack of eye (that is, to be guided by the eye in working).-114. That which is extorted; exaction. The great rents and racks would be insupportable. Sir E. Sandys, State of Religion. In a high rack, in a high position. Hall i well. [Prov. Eng.]-On the rack, on the stretch by or as if by means of a rack; hence, in a state of tension or of torturing pain or anxiety. I wou'd have him ever to continue upon the Rack of Fear and Jealousie. Congreve, Way of the World, ii. 1. My Head and Heart are on the Rack about my Son. Steele, Conscious Lovers, iv. 1. Rack and pinion. See def. 6, above. - Rack-and-pinion jack, a lifting-jack in which power is applied by means of a rack and pinion. - Rack-and-pinion pre , a pre in which force is transmitted through a pinion to a rack connected with the follower. E. H. Knight. Rack-cutting machine, a milling-machine for cutting the teeth of racks. To live at rack and manger, to live sumptuously and reckle ly without regard to pecuniary means; live on the best without reck of payment. But while the Palatine was thus busily employ'd, and lay with all his sea-horses, unbridl'd, unsaddi'd, at rack The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia rack and manger, secure and carele of any thing else but of carrying on the great work which he had begun The Pagan Prince (1690). ( Nares. ) A blustering, di ipated human figure. tearing out the bowels of St. Edmundsbury Convent (its larders namely and cellars) in the most ruinous way, by living at rack and manger there. Carlyle, Past and Present, ii. 1. To put to the rack, to subject to the torture of the rack; cause to be racked; hence, to torment with or about anything; subject to a state of keen suffering. rack2 (rak), n. [ A rack of mutton, sir, And half a lamb. Middle ton , Chaste Maid, ii. 2. rack3+ (rak), v. i. [Altered, to conform to rack3 , n ., from ME. reken (pret. rac ), drive, move, tend, reka , drive, drift, to , = Sw. vräka = Dan. vrage , reject, drift, = AS. wrecan , drive, wreak, E. wreak : see wreak . Cf. rack3 , n.] 1. To drive; move; go forward rapidly; stir. IMG:content-1544.png:[blocks in formation] 2. To drive, as flying clouds. Three glorious suns, each one a perfect sun; Not separated with the racking clouds, But sever'd in a pale clear-shining sky. Shak., 3 Hen. VI., ii. 1. 27. The clouds rack clear before the sun. B. Jonson.