LAPLACE, PIERRE SIMON, MAR

s. of farmer; at early age teacher math’s at military school of native when eighteen, went to Paris, through influence of D’Alembert, app. prof. of math’s at Hcole Militaire; entered politics; cr. count by Napoleon, and app. Minister of Interior, dismi ed for incapacity after six in spite of many favors, he voted Napoleon’s dethronement in 1814; Marquis by Louis XVIII. in 1817. friendly rivalry with Lagrange, L. his remarkable analytical powers astronomical problems. He was the to firmly establish the stability of solar system, and his Me can i que ranks only second in importance Newton’s Principia. Its publication him a world-wide reputation. In du Monde is to be found his ‘nebular hypothesis.’ T.), region in extreme N. of n= and extending eastward to Sea; has no separate political surface of Scand in avian L, mountainous, with deeply indented and large lakes between the ridges; Ku . part is comparatively level, with greater number of lakes while @& considerable area is covered by marshes and forests: cro ed by Tana, Kemi, an d| other rivers. Summer lasts for three months, during which there is perpetual daylight; and for two months in winter darkne prevails. Lapps are a race of short stature, but of great endurance; they are generally hospitable and quiet, but are addicted to drunkenne , and are uncleanly in their personal habits. Of their early history little is known; since LX. cent. they have been in subjection to Norway, Sweden, or Ru ia, and for several cent’s they were regarded as slaves. They are generally cla ified as Mountain, Forest, Sea, and River Lapps. Mountain Lapps are virile and energetic; a nomadic race, their wants are almost entirely supplied by the reindeer. Forest Lapps lead a le nomadic existence—live by hunting and fishing, and keep reindeer. River Lapps are a Settled people, who engage to slight extent in agriculture, and Sea Lapps are an impoverished race who live by fishing. Language resembles Finnish. Religions —Luther an, Gk. Church. Total number of Lapps, c. 30,000. See Map or Eurors.