West Cowes (kouz)

A town on the northern given to the province to the province of Fries land, Netherlands. shore of the Isle of Wight, Hampshire, England, Shothe Medina 11 miles south-southeast Southampton. It is a summer resort and the headquar. ters of the Royal Yacht Squadron. Population (1891), 7,768, West Derby (dėr'bi or där'bi). Atown in Lancashire, England, 4 miles northeast of Liverpool. Population (1891), 38,291. West End. The aristocratic western part of Wester a a len (ves'ter-a-len) Islands. A group of islands on the northwestern coast of Norway, east and north of the Lofoten Islands, from which they are separated by the Raftsund. Westerås (ves'ter-as). The capital of the laen of West man land, Sweden, situated at the entrance of the Svartå into Lake Mälar, 57 miles west-northwest of Stockholm. There, April 29, 1521, West Gothland. See Westergötland. West Goths. See Visigoths . West Ham (ham). A suburb of London, in E ex, 5 miles east-northeast of St. Paul's. Population (1891), 204,902. It returns 2 members to Parliament. West Hartlepool (här'tl-pöl). A seaport in Durham, England, opposite East Hartlepool. Population (1891), 42,492. West We Houghton ought on (hōton). A township ship in Lan- cashire, England, 14 miles west-northwest of Manchester. Population (1891), 11,077. West India Company, Dutch. See Dutch West India Company . West Indian, Indian, The. A comedy by Richard Cumber land (1770). It is considered his best play. Garrick brought it out in 1771. The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia: The Century Cyclopedia of names West Indies West Indies (in'diz). [Formerly West Indias ; G. West Indien , F. Antilles , Sp. An till as or Indias Occident a les.] An archipelago between North and South America, extending in a curve from Florida to the peninsula of Paria, and separating the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. The principal groups distinguished are the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Haiti, Porto Rico, and Jamaica); the Bahamas, north of Cuba; and the Le er Antilles, or Caribbee Islands, forming a line at the southeastern extremity of the group. Most of the Bahamas are low. Nearly all the other islands are mountainous, and in the Le er Antilles there are many active and extinct volcaWith the exception of some of the Bahamas, the noes. entire group lies within the tropics, and the climate and productions of all are e entially tropical. The principal products are sugar, tobacco, and coffee. Nearly all the islands are occasionally visited by hurricanes, which are sometimes very destructive: the hurricane months are from June to October inclusive. Columbus discovered the Bahamas, Cuba, and Haiti in 1492, and nearly all the islands were known before the continent of America was discovered. They were supposed to be outlying islands of India or Asia, and, as they had been found by sailing westward, they were called the West Indies. Later the name included for a time the known portions of the continent. The Greater Antilles were colonized by the Spanish, who claimed the whole group; but later many of the smaller islands seized by French, Dutch adventurers, and their wars with one another and with the Spaniards were continued intermittently until 1815, the smaller colonies frequently changing masters. Many African slaves were brought in, and their descendants form a large proportion of the population. At present (1895) Cuba, Porto Rico, and some of the smaller islands are colonies of Spain; Haiti is divided between two independent states; Jamaica, the Bahamas, and some of the Le er Antilles belong to England; and the rest are divided between France, Denmark, and the Netherlands. Westmacott (west'ma-kot), Sir Richard. Born one over the Thames at London. The first bridge was designed by Labelye, a Swi architect. The original plan contemplated a wooden structure, but it was changed to stone after the "great frost" of 1739. The piers were built of solid blocks of Portland stone, on cai ons which were the largest that had been constructed up to that time. It was begun in 1739 and completed in 1750. It was 1,220 feet long, 40 feet wide, 58 feet high, and the central span was 76 feet wide: there were 15 arches. In 18561862 it was replaced by the present stone and iron structure, consisting of 7 iron arches on granite piers, built by Page: it is 1,160 feet long and 85 feet wide. Westminster Hall. A structure adjoining the houses of Parliament on the west, forming part of the ancient palace of Westminster. It was begun by William Rufus, burned at the end of the 13th century, and restored by Edward II. and Richard II. It has a magnificent framed hammer-beam roof, in a single span 68 feet wide: the length is 290 and the height 92. Here sat some of the first English Parliaments; here, until George IV., the coronation festivities were held; and here Charles I. was condemned, and Cromwell saluted as Lord Protector. The hall now serves as a vestibule to the houses of Parliament. Below it on the east is the crypt of St. Stephen, or Church of St. Mary Undercroft, a vaulted Pointed chapel, in architecture and decoration somewhat resembling the lower chapel of Sainte Chapelle, Paris: the rich cloisters were built by Henry VIII. Westminster Palace. 1. The houses of Parliament.-2. A former royal residence in Westminster. A palace is supposed to have existed at Westminster in the reign of Canute (1017-35). Its importance, however, begins with Edward the Confe or (1042-66). Various additions were made by his succe ors until Henry III. (1216-72), in whose reign work was constantly in progre . His palace was richly decorated with pic tures in oil-color-according to Horace Walpole the first recorded use of that medium. It was repeatedly visited by fire, and in 1512 (reign of Henry VIII.) all the living apartments were destroyed. It was then abandoned at London, 1775: died Sept. 1, 1856. An Eng-attended not used again until July 18, 1821, when lish sculptor. In 1793 he was a pupil of Canova at Rome. In 1827 he succeeded Flaxman as profe or of sculpture at the Royal Academy. He executed monuments in St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey. His statues include those of Fox, the dukes of York and Bedford, George III., Achilles, etc. Westmacott, Richard. Born at London, 1799: died April 19, 1872. An English sculptor, son of Sir Richard Westmacott. West meath (west'meTH). A county in Leinster, Ireland, bounded by Cavan, Meath, King's County, Roscommon, and Long ford. Area, 708 square miles. Population (1891), 65,109. Westminster (west'min-ster). A former city, now a part of London. It is bounded by Marylebone on the north, Temple Bar on the east, the Thames on the east and south, and Kensington and Chelsea on the west. It is noted for the abbey, around which it grew up, and for the houses of Parliament and government buildings. Westminster, Provisions of. Ordinances pa ed through the influence of the barons in Parliament at Westminster, 1259. "They embodied the grievances of the barons stated at Oxford, and mainly concerned the administration of justice and local government by the sheriffs.' Westminster Abbey. A famous church in Westminster, London, founded on the site of an earlier church by Edward the Confe or, and rebuilt in the 13th century by Henry III. and Edward I. The highly ornate chapel of Henry VII., at the east end, was added by that king in the early 16th century. The dimensions, including the chapel, are 513 by feet; length of transepts, 200; height of 102. The incongruous square west towers were designed by Sir Christopher Wren. The north transept façade is very fine: it has 3 handsome portals, a graceful arcade, and a large wheel. The interior is extremely impre ive, the proportions and the details being good: the triforium is of especial beauty. The handsome reredos, of red and white alabaster, is modern, as are the choir-stalls. Henry VII.'s chapel has nave and aisles, and 5 radiating chapels in the chevet: it is a notable example of florid Perpendicular, especially remarkable for the fan-tracery and pendants of its ceiling. Its rich stalls are appropriated to the knights and squires of the Bath: over each are suspended a sword and a banner. The abbey is world famous as the chief burial-place of Great Britain's distinguished men: comparatively few of the monuments are artistically interesting. The south transept constitutes the famous Poets' Corner: it contains memorials to George IV. spent the night before his coronation there. The entire palace, except Westminster Hall, was burned in 1834. Westminster School. A noted preparatory school at Westminster. It was established in the abbey by Henry VIII., and was reestablished by Elizabeth. West more land (west'mor-land), or Westmor- land (west'môr-land). [ME. Westmorelond , AS. West mor ing a land , land of the men of the western moors.] A county of northwestern England. It is bounded by Cumber land on the west and north, Durham on the northeast, Yorkshire on the east and south, and Lancashire on the south and west, and touches More cam be Bay on the southwest. The surface is largely mountainous in the northwest and northeast. The county includes part of the Lake District, with Winder mere, Ulls- water, Grasmere, and Hawes Water in it or on its borders. The principal town is Kendal. Area, 783 square miles. Population (1891), 66,098. Weston (wes'ton), Thomas. Born about 1575: died after 1624. An English adventurer, one of the merchants who supported the colonists at Plymouth. He also sent an unsucce ful colony to We agu ett (Weymouth, Ma achusetts). Weston-super-Mare (wes'ton-super-ma're). are (wes ton-super-mare); A watering-place watering-place in in Somerset, England, situated on Bristol Channel 18 miles southwest of Bris tol. Population (1891), 15,873. West-östlicher Divan. A collection of poems on Oriental subjects, by Goethe. Westphalia (west-faʻlia), Duchy of. [F. West phalie , ML. Westphalia , G. Westfalen , prop. dat. pl. of Westfale , MHG. Westvale , OHG. Westfalo , an inhabitant of this region.] A duchy which had its origin in the western part of the great duchy of Saxony in the Caroling i an times. On the deposition of Henry the Lion in 1180 and the breaking up of the Saxon duchy, the Elector of Cologne a umed the title of Duke of Engern and Westphalia. The capital of the duchy of Westphalia was Arnsberg. In 1803 it was ceded to He e-Darmstadt. It was granted in 1815 to Pru ia. Westphalia, Kingdom of. A kingdom formed by Napoleon in 1807, and given to Jerome Bonaparte, under French supervision. It comprised nearly all He e-Ca el, all Brunswick, large parts of Pru ia and Hannover, parts of Saxony, etc. The capital was Ca el. It was overthrown in 1813, after the battle of Leip sic, and the old governments were restored. liter a a large number of the names honored in English Retens sance monuments of higher intrinsic interest, especially Henry VII.'s chapel: the superb monument of that king, in metal, by Torregiano, is inclosed in a rich Perpendicular chantry of bra . Several other kings and princes are buried in this chapel, and in that of Edward the Confe or, which occupies the extremity of the choir. The Early English chapter-house is octagonal, with central column. The fine cloisters also contain tombs. Westminster A embly, or A embly of Divines at Westminster. A convocation summoned by the Long Parliament to advise "for the settling of the liturgy and the government of the Church of England." Most of its members were Presbyterians, and nearly all were Calvinists. It met July 1, 1643, and continued its se ions until Feb. 22, 1649. The chief fruits of its labors were the Directory of Public Worship, the Confe ion of Faith, and the Larger and Shorter Catechisms, which were rejected in England but established in Scotland. Westminster Bridge. The oldest bridge but Westphalia, Peace of. The treaties signed at Münster and Osnabrück in 1648 (general peace signed at Münster, Oct. 24, 1648), which ended the Thirty Years' War. Chief provisions: Switzerland and Holland were declared independent of the German Empire; Sweden received Hither Pomerania, Wismar, the bishoprics of Bremen, Verden, etc., with three votes in the Diet, and an indemnification in money; France received most of Alsace, and was confirmed in the po e ion of Metz, Toul, and Verdun; Brandenburg received Further Pomerania, the bishoprics of Halberstadt and Minden, and prospectively that of Magdeburg; Lusatia was confirmed to Saxony, and the Upper Palatinate to Bavaria; the electoral house of the Palatinate recovered the Rhine Palatinate, and a new electorate was created for it; the of Augsburg was confirmed, and its visions extended to Calvinists; po e ion of ecclesiastical property was to revert to the condition of affairs in 1624; and autonomy was secured to the states of the German Empire. Westphalia, Province of. A province of Pru ia, surrounded by the Pru ian provinces of Wette, De Hannover, He e-Na au, and the Rhine Province, and by Brunswick, Schaumburg-Lippe, Lippe, Waldeck, and the Netherlands. Capital, Münster. It is level in the northwest, elsewhere hilly or mountainous (Weser Mountains, Sauerland, Haar Strang, Roth-Haar Mountains, Wester wald), and is one of the chief mining and manufacturing provinces of Pru ia. It has three governmental districts - Münster, Arnsberg, and Minden. Its present form was given to it in 1815. Area, 7,798 square miles. Population (1890), 2,428,661. Westphalian (west-faʻlian) Circle. [G. West fälischer Kreis .] One of the former ten circles of the German Empire. It comprised the bishoprics Münster, Paderborn, and Osnabrück; the duchies of Cleves, Gelder land, Jülich, Berg, and Oldenburg; the free cities Cologne, Aix-la-Chapelle, and Dortmund; and many principalities, countships, etc. Westphalian Gate. [L. Porta Westphalica .] The gap, near Minden in Westphalia, by which the Weser breaks through the Weser Mountains to the lowlands. West Point (west point). The capital of Clay County, Mi i ippi. Population (1890), 2,762. West Point. A village in Orange County, New York, situated in the Highlands, on the western bank of the Hudson, 45 miles north of New York: the seat of the United States Military Academy. West Point. A town in King William County, Virginia, situated on York River 35 miles east of Richmond. Population (1890), 2,018. West Point Military Academy. A national institution, situated at West Point, New York, for the training of young men for commi ions in the United States army. It was opened originally under an act of Congre in 1794, which organized four battalions of artillery and engineers, to each of which four cadets were attached. The number of cadets was increased in 1798 and in 1802, and in the latter year the academy was located at West Point. In 1812 an act was pa ed putting the institution nearly on its present footing. The ground is owned by the United States, and consists of about 2,200 acres. There are usually about 300 cadets. The instructors are officers of the army. West Pru ia. See Pru ia . West Riding. See Yorkshire . West Ru ia (rush'a). A collective name for several governments in Ru ia, comprising Kov- no, Minsk, Vitebsk, Mohileff, Vilna, and Grodno. The name sometimes also includes Kieff and Smolensk, or Volhynia and Podolia. West Sea. A name given by the Danes to the North Sea. West Superior (sū-pē'ri-or). A town in Wisconsin, on Lake Superior near Duluth. Its recent growth has been remarkably rapid. West Troy (troi). A village in Albany County, New York, situated on the Hudson opposite Troy. It is the terminus of the Erie and Cham plain ca- nals, and the seat of the Watervliet United States arsenal. Population 12,967. West Turkestan. See Turkestan . West Virginia (ver-jin'i-ä). One of the South Atlantic States of the United States of America, extending from lat. 37° 12′ to 40° 38′ N., and from long. 77° 40′ to 82° 35' W. Capital, Charleston. It is bounded by Ohio (separated by the Ohio River) on the northwest, Pennsylvania and Maryland (separated from Maryland in great part by the Potomac) on the north, Virginia on the east and south, and Kentucky (separated by the Big Sandy River) on the west. It has an irregular outline: the "Panhandle" stretches along the Ohio between Ohio and Pennsylvania in the north. Its surface is mountainous or hilly. It has great abundance of timber and very important deposits of coal, being one of the chief coal-producing States in the country, and has iron, salt, and mineral springs. It has 54 counties, sends 2 senators and 4 representatives to Congre , and has 6 electoral votes. It was formerly a part of Virginia. A convention adopted an ordinance providing for a new State of "Kanawha" in 1861. The constitution was adopted in 1862, and the State was admitted to the Union as West Virginia in 1863. Area, 24,780 square miles. Population (1890), 762,794. Westward for Smelts. A collection of stories on the plan of Boccaccio's “Dec a me rone," ex cept that the story-tellers are fish wives going up the Thames in a boat. It was written by "Kinde Kit of King stone" about 1603, and reprinted by the Percy Society. Westward Ho! A comedy by Webster Dekker conjointly, printed in 1607, probably written before 1605. Westward Ho! or the Voyages and Adventures of Sir Amyas Leigh. A novel by Charles Kingsley, published in 1855. The scene is laid in southwestern England, South America, and elsewhere, in the latter part of the 16th century. West wood (west'wud), John Obadiah. Born at Sheffield, England, 1805: died at Oxford, Jan. 2, 1893. An English entomologist, profe or of zoölogy at Oxford. He published "An Introduction to the Modern Cla ification of Insects" (2 vols. 1839), numerous entomological papers, etc. Wetherell (weTH'er-el), Elizabeth. The pseudonym of Susan Warner. Wette, De. See De Wette . Wetterau (vet'ter-ou). A fertile district in Up- per He e and the province of He e-Na au in Pru ia, extending from the neighborhood of Hanau northward to near Gie en. Wetter horn (vet'ter-horn). A mountain of the Bernese Alps, canton of Bern, Switzerland, situ- IMG:content-1023.png:[blocks in formation] Wharfe (hwarf). A river in Yorkshire, Eng president land, which joins the Ouse 8 miles south of Wharton (hwar'ton), Francis. Born at Phila- delphia, 1820: died 1889. An American lawyer and legal writer. He practised law; became pro- fe or in Kenyon College; was ordained in the Protestant Episcopal Church; became profe or in Cambridge Divin- Washington, 1885-89. He wrote "Treatise on Law of the United States" (1846), "State Trials of the United States during the Administrations of Washington and Adams" (1849), "Treatise on the Law of Homicide in the United States" (1855), "Treatise on Theism and Mod- ern Skeptical Theories" (1859), "The Silence of Scripture" (1867), "Treatise on the Conflict of Laws" (1872), "Law of Agency and Agents" (1876), and "Digest of International Law." He was joint author with Stillé of a "Treatise on Medical Jurisprudence." Wharton, Thomas. Born about 1610: died 1673. An English physician, discoverer of "Wharton's duct." Wharton, Thomas, Marquis of Wharton. Born about 1640: died 1715. An English Whig pol i- tician. He was a prominent member of Parliament and member of the Junto; comptroller of the household; lord lieutenant of Ireland 1708-10; and lord privy seal 1714. He was the reputed author of "Lillibullero.' ture founded in the 11th century, and variously modified from then until the 16th. There is a ma ive western 1, 1787: died at Dublin, Oct. 8, 1863. An Whately (hwat'li), Richard. Born at London, English prelate and theologian. In 1805 he entered Oxford (Oriel College), graduating in 1808. In 1814 he wrote the famous "Historic Doubts relative to Napoleon Bonaparte." He became Bampton lecturer in 1822: prin- cipal of St. Albans Hall in 1825; profe or of political econ- omy at Oxford in 1829; and archbishop of Dublin in 1831. About 1815 his treatise on "Logic" and that on "Rhet- oric" were contributed to the "Encyclopædia Metropoli- tana." In 1837 he wrote "Christian Evidences," and edited Bacon's "E ays" in 1856 and Paley in 1859. He advocated Catholic emancipation and unsectarian education, and helped to relieve the Irish famine. Among his numerous other works are "The Use and Abuse of Party Feeling in Matters of Religion." (1822), "E ays on Some of the Pеси- liarities of the Christian Religion" (1825), "Elements of Logic" (1826), "Elements of Rhetoric" (1828), "E ays on Some of the Difficulties in the Writings of the Apostle Paul, etc." (1828), etc. What Will He Do With It? A novel by Bul- wer Lytton, published in 1858. Wexiö (vek's he-ė). 1. Alaen in Sweden: same as Kronoberg . 2. The capital of the laen of Kronoberg, Sweden, 58 miles west of Kalmar. It has a cathedral. Population, 6,606. Weyer's Cave (wi'erz kāv). A large stalactite cave in August a County, Virginia, northeast of Staunton, in a spur of the Blue Ridge. Weyland Smith. See Way land . Weyler (wa'ler), Valeriano. Born about 1836. A Spanish genera general. He served in the Car list war and the war against the Moors, and for two years fought for Spain in the Cuban insurrection of 1868-78. He was recalled from Cuba on account of the charges of extreme cruelty made against him, but was sent there again to succeed Campos as captain-general of the Spanish forces in January, 1896. about 1601, published in 1607. Shakspere's "Twelfth Night, or What You Will" is thought to be a rejoinder Wheatley (hwēt'li), William. Born at New York, Dec. 5, 1816: died there, Dec. 3, 1876. An American actor and manager. He made his first appearance, when only ten years old, as Albert to Mac ready's William Tell. Wheat on (hwe'ton), Henry. Born at Provi- dence, R. I., Nov. 27, 1785: died at Dor chester, Ma ., March 11, 1848. A noted American di- plomatist, lawyer, and publicist. He graduated at Brown University in 1802; practised law at Providence, and later (1812) at New York; and edited the "National Advocate" 1812-15. He was justice of the Marine Court, New York city, 1815-19; reporter of the United States Su- pre me Court 1816-27; chargé d'affaires to Denmark 1827- 1835; and minister to Pru ia 1835-46. He negotiated a treaty (not ratified) with Pru ia in 1844. His chief work is "Elements of International Law" (1836: later edited by W. B. Lawrence and R. H. Dana, Jr.). He also wrote reports and digests of United States Supreme Court de- cisions, "Life of William Pinckney" (1826), "History of the North men" (1831), "His to ire du progrès du droit des gens en Europe" ("History of the Law of Nations," 1841), "Validity of the British Claim to a Right of Visitation and Search of American Ve els Suspected to be Engaged Wheat stone (hwet's ton), Sir Charles. Born at Gloucester, England, Feb., 1802: died at Paris, Oct. 19, 1875. An English physicist and inven- tor, one of the inventors of the electric tele- graph: profe or in King's College, London. He patented, with Cooke, his telegraph in 1837; made many researches in electricity, sound, and light; and invented Wheeler (hwe'ler), William Almon. Born at Malone, Franklin County, N.Y., June 30, 1819: died there, June 4, 1887. An American states- man. He was educated at the University of Vermont, but did not graduate; was admitted to the bar in 1845; was United States district attorney of Franklin County, New York, 1846-49; was a Whig member of the New York As- sembly 1849-58, and State senator 1858-59; and was Repub- lican member of Congre from New York 1861-63 and 1869-77. He adjusted Louisiana difficulties difficulties by the "Wheeler Compromise" in 1874. He was nominated as Republican candidate for Vice-President of the United States in 1876; was declared elected in 1877; and served 1877-81. See Electoral Commi ion . Wheeling (hwe'ling). A city, capital of Ohio County, West Virginia, situated in the "Pan- handle," on the Ohio River, in lat. 40° 6' N. It is called "the Nail City," from its nail-factories: it has also other manufactures, and an important trade by railroad He wrote a "Prospectus and Specimen of an intended Na- tional Work, by William and Robert Whistle craft, of Stow- market, in Suffolk, Harne and Collar Makers, intended to comprise the most interesting Particulars relating to King Arthur and his Round Table." In this work he in- troduced the bernesque style into the English language. Byron, when sending "Beppo" to his publisher, writes: "I have written a poem humorous, in or after the excellent manner of Mr. Whistle craft, and founded on a Venetian anecdote which amused me. Whistle craft is my im- mediate model, but Berni is the father of that kind of writing; which, I think, suits our language, too, very well." Whistler (hwis'ler), James Abbott McNeill, Born at Lowell, Ma ., 1834. A distinguished American-English painter and etcher. He was educated at West Point, and studied art in Paris. He re Whistler moved to London in 1863, and in 1886 was elected president of the Society of British Artists. He is especially noted for his etchings. His paintings include various portraits, and "The White Girl" (1862), "Portrait of my Mother" (1872), "Nocturne in Blue and Gold" and "Nocturne in Blue and Green "(1878), "Harmony in Gray and Green "(1881), etc. Whiston (hwis'ton), William. Born at Norton, Leicestershire, England, Dec. 9, 1667: died at London, Aug. 22, 1752. An English theologian and mathematician, succe or of Newton as profe or of mathematics at Cambridge, but expelled for Arianism. He wrote "New Theory of the Earth" (1696), "Primitive Christianity Revived" (1711), "St. Clement's and St. Irenæus's Vindication of the Apostolical Constitutions" (1716), "Sir Isaac Newton's Mathe matical Philosophy Demonstrated" (1716), works on mathematics, Arianism, prophecy, the Scriptures, a life of Samuel Clarke, autobiography (1749-50), and a translation of Joseph us (1737). Whitby (hwit'bi). A seaport and watering place in Yorkshire, England, situated at the mouth of the Esk in the North Sea, in lat. 54° 29′ N., long. 0° 37′ W.: the Saxon Streonshalh. It has manufactures of jet ornaments and important fisheries and trade; and was formerly noted for ship-building. It is a fashionable seaside resort. The famous abbey was founded in the 7th century, though the existing remains date from between the 12th and the 14th. The ruins of the church are picturesque and architecturally interesting. The clearstory windows are small, but the other openings are of good size. The town grew up around the monastery. Population (1891), 13,274. Whitby. The capital of Ontario County, Ontario, Canada, situated on Lake Ontario 30 miles east northeast of Toronto. Population (1891), 2,786. Whitby, Daniel. Born at Rushden, North amp tons hire, 1638: died at Salisbury, March 24, 1726. An English theologian. He graduated at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1657. In 1672 he was rector at St. Edmunds, Salisbury. His attempt to reconcile the Anglican Church and the Di enters excited the wrath of the clergy: his book "The Protestant Reconciler" (1683) was burned at Oxford, and he was forced to recant. He wrote controversial works against Roman Catholicism, and others relating to Arianism, Arm in i an ism, etc. Whitby, Synod or Council of. An ecclesiastical council held at Whitby in 664, under the leadership of Oswy, king of Nor thumb ria, to decide the Easter and tonsure questions. It resulted in the triumph of the Roman party as against the Celtic. White (hwit), Andrew Dicks on. Born at Homer, N. Y., Nov. 7, 1832. An American educator, historian, and politician. He graduated at Yale in 1853; studied in Europe, and was attaché of legation in Ru ia; profe or of history and English liter ature in the University of Michigan 1857-62; was State senator in New York 1863-66; and was one of the organ izers of Cornell University and its first president (1867-85). From 1879 to 1881 he was United States minister, and 1897amba ador, to Germany. In 1871 he was commi ioner to