poverty (poverti)

[ Glad poverte is an honest thyng, certeyn. Chaucer, Wife of Bath's Tale, 1. 327. The destruction of the poor is their poverty. Prov. x. 15. It is still her [Fortune's] use To let the wretched man outlive his wealth, To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow An age of poverty . Shak., M. of V., iv. 1. 271. A carpenter thy father known, thyself Bred up in poverty and straits at home. Milton, P. R., ii. 415. 2. The quality of being poor; a lack of nece ary or desirable elements, constituents, or qualities. (a) Lack of fertility or productivene : as, the poverty of the soil. (b) Lack of ideas or of skill; lack of intellectual or artistic merit: as, the poverty of a sermon or a picture. (c) Lack of adequate means or instrumentality: as, poverty of language. When Lucretius complains of our poverty in language, he means only in terms of art and science. Landor, Imaginary Conversations (Tibullus and Me ala). (d) Lack of richne of tone; thinne (of sound). The peculiar quality of tone commonly termed poverty , as opposed to richne , arises from the upper partials being comparatively too strong for the prime tone. Helmholtz , Sensations of Tone (trans.), i. 5. 3. Dearth; scantine ; small allowance. In places glade and war me if vyne abounde In leef, and have of fruite but povertee , Now kitte hem short and thai wol be feconde. Palladius , Husbondrie (E. E. T. S.), p. 219. 41. Poor things; objects or productions of little value. Alack, what poverty my Muse brings forth! IMG:content-0768.jpg:[graphic] Shak ., Sonnets, ciii. 5t. The poor; poor people collectively. Compare the quality, used for persons of quality. I have diuers tymes taken a waye from them their lycences, of both sortes, wyth such money as they hauc gathered, and haue confiscated the same to the poverty nigh adioyninge to me. Harman , Caveat for Cursetors (1567). There is no people in the world, as I suppose, that liue so miserably as do the pouerty in those parts. Hakluyt's Voyages , I. 323. =Syn. 1. Poverty, Want, Indigence, Penury, Destitution, Pauperism, Need, needine , nece itousne , privation, beggary. Poverty is a strong word, stronger than being poor; want is still stronger, indicating that one has not even the nece aries of life; indigence is often stronger than want, implying especially, also, the lack of those things to which one has been used and that befit one's station; penury is poverty that is severe to abjectne ; destitution is the state of having absolutely nothing; pau perism is a poverty by which one is thrown upon public charity for support; need is a general word, definite only of these words is limited to the lack of property, although in suggesting the nece ity for immediate relief. None that is naturally a prominent fact under each. Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: so shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man. Prov. vi. 10, 11. Want can quench the eye's bright grace. Scott , Marmion, i. 28. The luxury of one cla is counterbalanced by the ind i gence of another. Thoreau , Walden, p. 38. Chill penury repre ed their noble rage, And froze the genial current of the soul. Gray, Elegy, st. 13. Pity and need Make all flesh kin.. My strength is waned now that my need is most. Edwin Arnold , Light of Asia, vi. 73, 113. IMG:content-0769.jpg:[graphic] A cist a 2 and 3. Meagerne , jejunene . poverty-gra (pov'èr-ti-grås), n. A low branching gra , Aristida dichotoma , common eastward and southward in the United States: so named as inhabiting poor soils. The name is sometimes extended to the genus. poverty-plant (pov'er-ti-plant), n. ceo us plant, Hudson i a to mentos a , a little heathlike shrub of sandy shores. [New Jersey.] poverty-stricken, poverty-struck (pov'er-tistrik"n, -struk), a . Reduced to a state of poverty; suffering from the effects of poverty; needy; indigent. Poverty-stricken, hunger-pinched, and tempest-tortured, it [the pine] maintains its proud dignity, grows strong by endurance, and symmetrical by patient struggle. H. Mac mill an , quoted in Word-hunter's Note-book, iv. poverty-weed (pov'èr-ti-wēd), n. The purple Sylvester, tr. of Du Bartas's Weeks, ii., Eden. cow-wheat, Melampyrum arvense, a deleterious The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia IMG:content-0771.png:[blocks in formation] der, pulvis ( pulver- ), ML. also pulver , dust, powder; cf. pollen , fine flour (see pollen ). From L. pulvis are also ult. E. pulverize , pulverulent , etc.] 1. Fine, minute, loose, uncompacted par- ticles, such as result from pounding or grinding a solid substance; dust. On his face than fell he downe, And kest pouder opon his croune. The poudre in which myn herte ybrend shal turne, That pre ye I the thow tak, and it conserve In a ve elle that men clepeth an urne. verized by treatment with alcohol. Also called meal- powder. E. H. Knight. - Mica-powder. See mica2.- Molded powder, a gunpowder whose grains are formed in a mold.-Oilstone-powder. See oilstone . - Portland house-plants; an insect-gun. powder, gentian-root, aristolochia-root, germander, powder-box (pou'dėr-boks), n. A box in which ground-pine, and le er centaury. - Powder of Algaroth, precipitated the aqueous solution of the terchlorid of antimony by an exce of water. It is chiefly composed of the oxy chlorid. - Powder of aloes and ca- nella, socotrine aloes and canella. Also called hiera - picra . -Powder of ipecac and opium, ipecac 1 part, opium 1 part, and sugar of milk (or pota ium sulphate) 8 parts: a powder widely used as an anodyne diaphoretic under the more common name of Dover's powder . - Powder of iron, reduced iron.-Powder of projection. See pro- jection.-Powder of sympathy. Same as sympathetic powder. - Prismatic powder, a gunpowder adapted for symmetrically disposed around it. In putting up the cartridges, the prisms are arranged so that the orifices are continuous throughout the length. - Seidlitz pow- der. Same as compound effervescing powder.- Soda powder, sodium bicarbonate 30 grains, tartaric acid 25 grains. Styptic powder, alum, gum acacia, and colo- phony, or argil, tragacanth, and colophony. - Sympa- applied to the flood-stained garments of a wounded per thetic powder, a powder "said to have the faculty, if son, to cure his injuries, even though he were at a great distance at the time. A friar, returning from the East, brought the recipe to Europe somewhat before the middle of the seventeenth century" (O. W. Holmes , Med. E ays, p. 8).- Talcum powder, powdered soapstone: used as a local application for inflamed and chafed surfaces. - Ten- nant's powder, chlorinated lime. To fluff powdert. See fluf 2. Tully's powder. Same as compound pow der of morphine: so named from Dr. William Tully, an American physician, who originated it. Vienna pow- der, pota a and lime.-Vigo's powder, red oxid of mercury.- Violet powder, a toilet-powder made of pul verized starch scented with so-called violet extract. Therfore, whan the i wil schryven hem, the i taken Fyre, and sette it besyde hem, and casten therin Poudre of Frank encens. Mandeville , Travels, p. 120. They [the Indians) haue amongst them Physicians or Priests, whose dead bodies they burne with great solemn i tie, and make poulder of the bones, which the kinsmen a yeare after drink. Purchas , Pilgrimage, p. 774. With vineger and powdur ther vppon, thus is vsed ay. Babecs Book (E. E. T. S.), p. 159. 3. A composition of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal, mixed and granulated: more particu- larly designated gunpowder (which see). These violent delights have violent ends, And in their triumph die, like fire and powder . Like their great Marquis, they could not The smell of powder bide. der, poulder, pouldre ; powderen , poudren (= D. poederen , powder, = MLG. puderen , sea- son, spice, = G. pudern = Sw. pudra = Dan. pu- dre , powder), OF.poudrer , pouldrer , poldrer , F. poudrer = Sp. polvorear , pulver are , pow- der, L.pulvis ( pulver- ), powder: see powder , n .] I. trans. 11. To reduce to powder; pulverize; triturate; pound, grind, or rub to fine particles. And, were not hevenly grace that did him ble e, He had beene pouldred all as thin as flowre. 2. To sprinkle with powder, dust, ashes, etc.; specifically, to put powder upon: as, to powder the hair or the face. Thou sal make sorow in goddes sight; Fall to erth and powder the. If the said Amba ador were here among us, he would think our modern Gallants were also mad,. because they ash and powder their Pericraniums all the Year long. Howell, Letters, iv. 5. He came back late, laid by cloak, staff, and hat, Powdered so thick with snow it made us laugh. Marquis of Huntley's Retreat (Child's Ballads, VII. 272). 4. Seasoning, either of salt or of spices.-5. A medical remedy, or a dose of some medical remedy, in the form of powder, or minute loose ing; hence, to corn; pickle. Browning , Ring and Book, ІІ. 15. 3. To sprinkle with salt, spices, or other season- Seththe sche brougt hom in haste Ploverys poudryd in paste. If thou embowel me to-day, I'll give you leave to pow- der me and eat me too to-morrow. Shak., 1 Hen. IV., v. 4. 112. One amongst the rest did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was knowne. Quoted in Capt . John Smith's Works, II. 12. 4. To sprinkle as with powder; stud; orna- ment with a small pattern, continually re- peated. No patchwork quilt, all seams and scars, But velvet, powder'd with golden stars. 5. To whiten by some application of white ma- terial in the form of a powder: thus, lace which has grown yellow is powdered by being placed powdered by bei in a packet of white lead and beaten.-6. To scatter; place here and there as if sprinkled like powder: as, to powder violets on a silk ground. Gilofre, gyngure, & gromylyoun, & pyonys powdered ay betwene. The Deacon went to the barber's, where the bi- weekly operation of shaving and powdering was performed. S. Judd , Margaret, ii. 8. 3. To attack violently; make a great stir. Whilst two companions were disputing it at sword's point, down comes a kite powdering vpon them, and gob- bets up both. Sir R. L'Estrange. He had done wonders before, but now he began to pow- der away like a raving giant. Dickens . powder-blower (pou'dėr-blō"ėr), n. 1. A sur- gical instrument for throwing powder upon a diseased part.-2. A small bellows, or com- powder-chest (pou'der-chest), n . A small box or case charged with powder, old nails, etc., formerly secured over the side of a ship and discharged at an enemy attempting to board. powder-division (pou'der-di-vizh"on), n. a man-of-war, a division of the crew detailed to supply ammunition during action. powder-down (pou'der-doun), n. In ornith., certain down-feathers or plumulæ, technically called pulviplumes , which grow indefinitely, and continually break down at their ends into a kind of powdery or scurfy exfoliation. Such plumules are not found on most birds; they occur in various represen. tatives of the raptorial, psittacine, and gallinaceous tribes, and especially in the heron tribe and some other wading birds, where they form matted ma es of peculiar texture and appearance, called powder -down tracts or patches. These tracts are definite in number and situation in the several kinds of birds on which they occur. Thus, in the true herons, there are three pairs, one on the lower back over each hip, one on each side of the lower belly under each hip, and one on each side of the breast along the track of the furcula. Pitterns have two pairs (none under the hips); boatbills have one extra pair over the shoulder-blades. powdered (pou'dèrd), a . 1. Having the appear- ance of powder, or of a surface covered with fine powder: as, a powdered glaze in porcelain; in zoöl ., marked as if powdered or dusted over: as, the powdered quaker, Tæniocampa gracilis , a moth; the powdered wainscot, Simyra venosa , a moth.-2. Ornamented with a small pattern, as a flower or the like, continually repeated. This sort of design differs from diaper in not covering the sur- face so.completely, and in showing the pattern isolated with background between. IMG:content-0772.png:[merged small][merged small][graphic] Powder-horns. 1, of stag's horn, 17th or 18th century; 2, of cow's horn. 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