Brunonian System

See BROWN, JOHN. Brunswick, Duchy or, in Germany, consists of 5 de tached portions of territory on the rivers Weser, Seine, Ocker, and Aller, between Lat. 51° 38′ and 52° 59′ N., and Lon. 9o 10 and 11° 22′ E. It occupies part of the vast plain which stretches from the foot of the Hartz Mountains and their continuations (the Solling) to the German Ocean and the Baltic, with a portion of the rise of those chains on the N. side. The largest portion contains the districts of Wolfenbüttel and Schöningen, in which the cities of Brunswick and Wolfenbüttel, and the towns of Königsbutter and Helmstadt, are situated. Two small detached portions of territory, viz., the circ. of The ding hausen on the Weser, and that of Badenburg, are enclosed by the Han over i an territory, and form part, the former of the Weser district, the latter of the Seine district. Finally, the detached circ. of Kalvorde, enclosed within the Pru ian prov. of Saxony, belongs to the district of Schöningen. The duchy has an area of 1,526 sq. m. The inhabitants are mostly engaged in agricultural and mining pursuits. Iron is the chief produce of the mines worked in the three districts of the Hartz, Weser, and Blankenburg. - Army. The military organization of B. is on the Pru ian system of general liability to the service of arms. Practically, however, no more men are raised by conscription than are required as contribution to the army of the Confederation. Rel. Nearly the whole of the inhabitants are members of the Luther an church, with the exception of some Calvinists, Roman Catholics, and members of other Christian sects, and Jews. Pop. 1890, 375,000.- Hist. The late Duke of B., Wilhelm I., is the lineal de scendant of Henry the Lion, the last of the house of Welf, who held the duchies of Bavaria and Saxony. Henry the Lion was deprived of both duchies by the emperor Frederic Barb a ro a, 1180, and left only the po e ion of his allodial domains of B., and Lüneburg, which were subsequently split into numerous branches, but merged finally in the till recently reigning line of Liineburg (or Hanover), and that of Brunswick, which is the elder branch. The intimate family connection which in the last century subsisted between the House of B. and the reigning families of Great Britain and Pru ia, engaged the princes of B. in political alliances with these two powers, in opposition to France. The Pru ian army, at the outset of the disastrous campaign of 1806, was commanded by the Duke Charles William Ferdinand of B., who fell in the battle of Jena. His duchy was incorporated in the kingdom of Westphalia. His son and succe or, Frederick William, fell at the head of his troops while maintaining the position of Quatre Bras, two days before the battle of Waterloo. His succe or, Charles, was driven away in 1830, and the throne made over to his brother William, the late duke, who D. Oct., 1885, the last of the line. He being without legitimate heirs, the duchy would fall to the Duke of Cumber land, son of the ex-king of Hanover, in conformity with ancient treaties, but Germany resolved not to admit the claim. BRUNSWICK, the cap. of the above duchy, on the Ocker, 8 m. S.E. of Hanover. 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Green Isl. 2000 Cro lal. Peggy's Cove Dover West IMG:content-0785.png:[ocr errors] splendid new ducal palace, built at an enormous ex "A you sand nights have brushed their balmy wings over these eyes." - Dryden. pense, to replace the residence of Duke Charles, de- stroyed by the mob in 1830, was burnt down in 1865. -To move or skim over. The Museum has some paintings of the Flemish and Dutch schools. Manf . Wool, yarn, linen, porcelain, paste-board, paper-hangings, and chemic a is. Pop . (1895) 104,000. "Love...awakes the sleeping vigor of the soul, And brushing o'er, adds motion to the pool." - Dryden. Brush Creek, in Alabama, a post-office of Perry co. Brush Creek, in Arkansas, a township of Washington co. Brush Creek, in California, a post-village of Butte co, 23 m. N.E. of Oroville. Brush Creek, in Illinois, a village of Knox co., 80 m. N.N.W. of Springfield. Brush Creek, in Indiana , a post-office of Ripley co. Brush Creek, in Iowa , a post-office of Fayette co. Brush Creek, in Michigan , a village of Van Buren co., on the Paw Paw River, 27 m. W. by S. of Kalamazoo. Brush Creek, in Minnesota , a township of Faribault co. Brush Creek, in Mi ouri , a post-office of Laclede co. Brush Creek, in N. Carolina , a P. O. of Randolph co. Brush Creek, in Ohio , joins the Ohio River in Adams county. -Another, in Scioto co., joins the Scioto River, about 10 m. N. of Portsmouth. -A township of Highland co. See BUSH CREEK. -A township of Jefferson co. -A township of Muskingum co. 1820. Brunswick, in Minn . , a p.-v. of Kanabec co. Brunswick, in Mi ouri , a p.-v. and twp. of Clariton co., near the Mi ouri River. Brush Hill, in Illinois, a post-village of Du Page co., about 16 m. W. of Chicago. IMG:content-0786.jpg:[merged small][graphic]