woo, wo, wog he, wowe, wowen, wouwe

t. & i. [A. S. wógian, dwógian =to woo; lit.=to bend, to incline; hence, to incline another toward one's self; from woh (stem wóg-, pl. woge )=bent, curved, crooked; woh =a bending aside, a turning aside.] IMG:content-0991.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0992.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-0993.png:[blocks in formation] "From Badby I rode through some woods ."-Pennant: Journey from Chester , p. 394. (2) The substance of trees. [II. 1.] (3) Timber; the trunks or main stems of trees which attain such dimensions as to be fit for architectural and other purposes. (In this sense the word denotes not only standing trees suitable for buildings, ., but also such trees cut into beams, rafters, planks, . [TIMBER.] *2. Fig .: A crowded ma or collection of anything; a forest. (The Lat. sylva a wood, is used in the same manner.) 'A blaze of bucklers and a wood of spears." Pope: Homer's Ody ey, xxii. 161. II. Technically : 1. Art : [WoOD-ENGRAVING.] 2. Bot ., Veget . Physiol., & c .: Botanists use the term wood in two senses: first, the portion of the stem and branches which intervenes between the pith and the bark, without reference to whether it is hard or soft; and second, the hard portion of the stem and branches of a tree or shrub, the soft substance existing in similar situations in an herb being denied the name of wood. No wood exists in the embryo of an exogen, which at the outset consists wholly of cellular ti ue. Soon after it has germinated, however, fine ligneous fibers descend from the cotyledons to the radicle, meeting in the center of the embryo, and constituting a fine ligneous axis. Somewhat similarly, each leaf, after the tree or shrub has grown, sends down elaborated sap, which forms a layer, sheath, or ring of cambium inside the bark. [CAMBIUM.] The cambium layer generates fibro-vascular bundles, the inner portion being woody [XYLEM] and the outer portion le solid. [BAST, PHLOEM.] At first the bundles are separate from each other, but ultimately they unite and constitute a hollow cylinder around the central pith. This proce continuing, especially in spring, new wood is added around the old, and being softer than that previously existing, is called alburnum or sap-wood, the other being denominated duramen, or heart-wood (q. v.). The intermi ion of growth in winter leaves a circular mark on the stem, well seen in a cro section, thus giving rise to a series of annual zones. [ZONE.] Exogenous wood is traversed by medullary rays (q. v.). In woody endogens, such as palms, there is ys no proper cambium layer, nor is there a central pith, but the fibro-vascular bundles are separated from each other, and may be seen on acro section scattered irregularly over the whole breadth of the stem, but more numerous, closer together, and harder near the circumference than toward the center. In the stems of the woody acrogens (Tree ferns) there is a circle of fibro-vascular bundles not far from the exterior of the stem. The cro -section shows these to be, as a rule, united in pairs. (Fos. SIL-WOOD, SILICIFIED-WOOD.] 3. Her .: The same as HURST (q. v.). 4. Music ( pl .): That cla of wind-instruments constructed of wood, ivory, or the like, the principal of which are the flutes, oboes, clarinets, ba oons, ., in contradistinction to the strings and bra . (1) Drawn from the wood : Drawn from the cask. Applied to wines and beers which are supplied to the consumer direct from the cask. (2) Wine in the wood: Wine in cask, as dist in qui shed from wine bottled or decanted. (3) To have the dead wood on one: To have an indisputable advantage of a person. wood-acid, s. [WOOD-VINEGAR.] wood-almond, s. Bot.: Hippo crate a comosa. [HIPPO CRATE A.] wood-anemone, s. Bot.: Anemone nemorosa. Rootstock horizontal, woody; leaves trifoliate, with the leaflets few, lanceolate, lobed, and cut, remote from the flower; involucre similar to their petiolate, stem with a single flower on a scape, sepals six, rarely five to nine, resembling petals, sometimes tinged on the outside with purple; point of achene not feathery. wood-ant, s. Entom.: Formica rufa , an exceedingly common species. Head and thorax rusty red, with a blackish-brown tinge in parts, legs and abdomen of the latter hue; the largest workers are about a quarter of an inch long. Found in woods, where it heaps up a great ma of vegetable fragments, beneath which the nest is continued in a great extent of subterranean pa ages and chambers. The woodant po e es no sting, but has the power of ejecting its acid secretion to keep enemies at a distance. wood-apple, s. rending asunder, with that violence, that the noise may be heard at least twelve score yards, some have ventured to say a mile, from the place.' It will be seen that the bird described was a Nuthatch, but the noise was no doubt made by a wood-pecker." -Yarrell: Brit . Birds (ed. 4th), ii. 447. (Note †.)