ORTHOGRAPHY

(Yunanca köken — orijinale bakınız.) That pan of grammar which relates to the method of denoting Bounds by visible signs, to the different kinds of and their combination into syllables and words. ( M'.i iiouraJMiy. In Architecture, a geometrical representation of an elevation or section of a building. OKTIlolW'fE'.i. (Yunanca köken — orijinale bakınız.) A •limculty of breathing, whicli is increased by any deviation from tipereel posture. OKTHOTTKRANS, Ortkoptera. (Yunanca köken — orijinale bakınız.) An order of insects, including all those species which have the wings disposed when at rest in straight longitudinal folds. Latreilie characterizes the insects of this order as having the body generally le firm in texture than in the Coleoptera, and covered by soft semi-membranous elytra furnished with nervures, which, in the greater number, do not join at the suture in a straight line. Their w:inrs are folded longitudinally, most frequently in the manner of a fan, and divided by membranous nervures running in the same direction. The maxilla; are always terminated by a dentated and homy piece covered with a galea, an appendage corresponding to the exterior division of the maxilla; of the Coleoptera. They have also a sort of tongue. The Ortkoptera undergo a seml-metamorphosis, of which alt the mutations are reduced to the growth and development of the elytra and wings, that are always visible in a rudimental state in the nymph. As both this nymph, or semi-nymph, and the larva are otherwise similar to the perfect insect, they walk and feed in the same way. The mouth of the Ortkoptera consists of a labrum, two mandibles, as many maxilla, and four palpi: those of the jaws always have five joints; whilst the labial palpi, as in the Coleoptera, present but three. The mandibles are always very strong and corneous, and the ligula is constantly divided into two or four thongs. The form of the antenna; varies le than in the Coleoptera, but they are usually composed of a greater number of joints. Several, besides their reticulated eyes, have two or three ocelli. The inferior surface of the first joints of the tarsi is frequently fleshy or membranous. Many females are furnished with a true perforater formed of two blades, frequently enclosed in a common envelop, by means of which they deposit their eggs. The posterior extremity of the body, in most of them, is provided w'. h appendages. 3 J [s. 879]