MERIAM, William B

[s. 473] : Born Princeton, Ma ., U. S. A., September 15, 1830; graduated at Harvard University, 1855; And over Theological Seminary, 1858; ordained November 29 of that year; sailed as a mi ionary of the ABCFM January 17, 1859, for Turkey. After spending a few months at Adrianople in studying Turkish, he went with Mr. Clark to the new station of where he remained till his death. Returning from Constantinople with his wife in July, 1862, he was met by five mounted brigands, who shot him as he was alighting from his horse. His death was almost instantaneous. Philippopolis, A MERKARA: town in the native State of Coorg, India, of which it is the capital; situated €4 miles E. S. E. of Man galore. Altitude, 3,605 feet. The climate is very damp. Population, Station of the 7,000, of whom 5,000 are Hindus. Basel Mi ion Society (1870), with (1903) 3 mi ionaries (two of them with their wives), 6 native workers, 4 outstations, 1 day school, and 156 profe ed Christians, of whom 90 are communicants. A MERSINE town and seaport in the province of Adana, Asiatic Turkey, situated 36 miles by rail S. E. of the city of Adana. Population, «,000, of whom 5,000 are Muslims and 3,500 Christians. Station of the (1883), with 1 mi ionary and wife, 2 women mi ionaries, 11 native workers, 3 outstations, 1 place of worship, 2 Sunday schools, 3 day schools, 2 boarding schools, 1 dispensary, and 72 profe ed Christians. Outstation also of the ABCFM. Statistics included in Adana.: RP ME SO POT AM I A: Originally the country “between the rivers,” i. e., the Tigris and the Euphrates. It is not now a political division, and the term is used differently by different writers, but in general it may be said to include the whole Zagros Mountains of the Persian border on the east. The land is extraordinarily fertile, and even now, if properly cultivated, would yield a wonderful increase. The population is chiefly Mohammedans and Christians of the Jacobite and Chaldean sects. Nomad Kurds, living on the mountains, come into the plains for their winter METHODIST CHURCH IN CANADA; Mi ionary Society of the: The Mi ionary Society of the Methodist Church was organized 1824. At that time, in addition to work among the white settlers, some efforts were being made to reach the scattered bands of Indians in Ontario with the Gospel me age, and it was with a view of extending the work that the Society was formed. There are now six departments: Home, Indian, French, Chinese and Japanese in British Columbia, and Foreign. The home work (called Domestic Mi ions) embraces all the dependent fields of the Church among the English-speaking people throughout the Dominion, Newfoundland, and Bermuda. These fields are 450 in number, with 350 mi ionaries, 69 a istants and 34,826 communicants. The Indian mi ions are in Ontario, the North They are 68 in west, and British Columbia. number, with 39 mi ionaries, 14 native a istants, 15 teachers, and 7 interpreters, or a total mi ionary force of 75. The number of comm municants is 5,505. The results of mi ion work among the Indians have been of the most encouraging kind. Whole tribes have been reclaimed from barbarism and superstition, and many of them walk worthy of A their high calling as followers of the Lamb. significant illustration of the value of these mi ions is found in the fact that not one member or adherent of the Methodist Church among the Indians, nor, so far as is known, of any Protestant mi ion, was implicated in the revolt that occurred a number of years ago. The French mi ions are entirely in the provThey are 6 in number, with 6 ince of Quebec. mi ionaries, 6 teachers, and several colporteurs. of the Society is in Japan Foreign work The and China. The former was begun in 1873, the latter in 1891. The work in Japan is in the districts of Tokio, Shizuoka, Tamanashi, Kanazawa and Nagano. There are 27 stations, 44 mi ionaries, 1 a istant, and 1 teacher. The number of communicants is The Japan mi ion of this Society has 2,750. been an earnest advocate of a union of Methodist Mi ions in Japan, corresponding to that of the Presbyterian and Reformed churches. The mi ion in China is located in the province of Szechwan, two stations being occupied, Chentu and While there was temporary suspension Kiating. during the Boxer troubles, there was little actual lo , and the hospitals in the two places were not The Pre of the mi ion has also disturbed. done excellent work. The ten mi ionaries (men) are devotedly laboring in the two stations, but the Society does not see fit to publish statistics of By careful searching their work and its results. of the reports one may gather, however, that there are 2 hospitals, a printing establishment, some Sunday schools, and at least 60 or 70 profe ed Christians. Obgan: The Mi ionary Outlook, montUy. Methodist Episcopal METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN U. S. Mi ionary Society of the (1819): The conversion of a colored man by the name of Stewart, and his subsequent work among the Indians, profoundly stirred the Methodist Episcopal Church, and was the first impulse toward the formation of a mi ionary society for the whole Church. Local organizations had previously existed in Philadelphia, Boston, and po ibly other places, when at a meeting of the preachers of the Methodist Episcopal Church in New York City, held in 1818, the Rev. Laban Clark proposed the organization of a Bible and Mi ionary Society in the church of which they were members. The subject having been fully discu ed, the formation of such a society was resolved upon, and Me rs. Clark, Nathan Bangs, and Freeborn Garrettson were appointed a committee to draft a constitution, which was approved by the Preachers’ Meeting, and subsequently submitted to a public meeting of the members of the church and friends of the mi ionary cause convened by the Preachers’ Meeting, and held in the Forsyth-street Church, on the evening of April 5, 1819. As organized, the Society had the double character of a Bible and Mi ionary Society. This met with some opposition, and the new organization had but a precarious existence for the first year. In May, 1820, at the meeting of the General Conference, the Society was heartily endorsed, and the constitution was amended so as to make it a purely mi ionary society. Until 1844 the Society represented all the churches of the denomination. In that year, however, a division was made, and the Methodist Episcopal Church (South) was formed, and The established its own Mi ionary Society. Mi ionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church (in the U. S.) is really the Church itself acting through its various forms of organization. The General Conference for the prosecution of its mi ionary work appoints two bodies, one a Board of Managers, and the other a General Mi ionary Committee. The Mi ionary Committee is composed of the bishops, as ex officio members, one representative from each of fourteen districts, and the secretaries and treasurers; also fourteen members of the Board of Managers. The Board of Managers is composed of the bishops as ex officio members, thirty-two laymen, and thirty-two traveling ministers of the church elected by the General Conference. The General Conference meets once in four years, the General Mi ionary Committee once every year, and the Board of Managers monthly, Honorary manor oftener, as may be required. agers and patrons, by virtue of donations, have the right of attending the meetings of the Board of Managers, but do not vote. The appropriation of money and the selection of fields rests entirely with the General Mi ionary Committee, except that the Board of Managers may provide for any unforeseen emergency that may arise in any of the mi ions, and meet any demands to an amount not exceeding $25,000. Wherever a foreign mi ion is organized into a conference it receives notice of appropriations directly from Wherever the General Mi ionary Committee. mi ions are not thus organized as a conference, they receive their information of appropriations through the Board of Managers. For those mi ions that are organized as a conference, the Board of Managers acts simply as the executive body of the Mi ionary Committee. 456 All funds, however, for all mi ions pa through the hands of the Board of Managers, who account to the General Mi ionary Committee, and that body to the General Conference. Each mi ion, whether it be organized as a conference or not, is divided into districts, over which certain ministers are appointed by the bishop as presiding elders, who superintend the work of that district and are in a sense sub diocesan bishops. In 1839 the Board of Managers, to celebrate the centenary of the Methodist Society in London, collected a fund for a mi ion house, and the first building in New York City was dedicated in At the centenary of American Methodism in 1866, and the Mi ionary Jubilee in 1869, the fund was greatly increased, a new building secured, and in 1887 the present building on Fifth avenue and 20th street, New York, was erected, the Society owning one-third, free of January, 1848. encumbrance. Development of Work: The first field entered by the Society was Africa, in 1833. Three years later came the opening of the mi ions in South America (1836), followed by China (1847), India (1856), Bulgaria (1857), Japan (1872), Mexico During (1873), Korea (1885), Malaysia (1885). the same period work was undertaken in a number of Norway (1856), (1884). European countries, Germany (1849), (1853), Sweden (1854), Switzerland Denmark (1857), Italy (1871), Finland The Mi ions. I. Africa; (1) Liberia: In 1824 the General Conference decided as soon as the funds permitted to send mi ionaries to the colony established by the American Colonization In 1831 the Rev. Melville Society in Africa. Cox was appointed to Liberia, his support being guaranteed by the Young Men’s Mi ionary Society. He sailed in 1832 and reached Sierra Leone in 1833, welcomed cordially by the Wesley an Mi ionaries and also by the Governor. Soon after reaching Liberia he succumbed to the fever; but others followed; the next year a more healthy location was found, and by 1836 the different “Methodist churches were recognized as the Three years later Liberia Annual Conference. the Conference seminary was opened, and the work extended to several outstations. Industrial work was encouraged from the very start. In 1851 there was reorganization, both of the Conference and the seminary, and from 1857, for 20 years, no white mi ionary was sent out. To meet the difficulty of ordination, Francis Burns was elected bishop and ordained in the U. S. in 1859. He pre ed for extension of the work into the interior, as did his succe or. In 1876 the visit of a deputation, including Bishop Haven and Dr. J. T. Gracey, resulted in the appointment of Rev. Joel Osgood to pre the _ The obstacles, however, were interior work. such that little was accomplished, and at the opening of 1884 there were no foreign mi ion The aries or well qualified teachers on the field. school buildmgs were dilapidated, ministers unordained, and the conference in need of superintendence. In Mav, 1884, Bishop William Taylor was Bishop elected Mi ionary Bishop of all Africa. Taylor arrived at Monrovia in January, 1885, and, having general jurisdiction, was able to harmonize the different enterprises while carrying on his own 457 work, already begun in Angola. He made extensive journeys with special view to the development of his scheme of self-supporting mi ions, and by the end of 1888 there were stations along the banks of the Cavally River for 100 miles. The scheme of self-supporting mi ions proved impracticable, however, and as soon as this became evident, it was given up. As now organized the Liberia Conference embraces the western coast of Africa north of the equator, and is divided into tliree districts Cape Palmas and Since, Monrovia and Ba a, and the St. Paul River District. In Monrovia there is a strong self-supporting church, and the Methodist College of West Africa is located here. The mi ion pre is established in the capital, from which is i ued The New Africa, a thirty-two: page monthly, and Sunday-school tracts, and other publications. literature, There are (1903) 52 stations, 25 American mi ionaries, 62 native helpers, 2,798 church members, 2 high schools, with 295 students, and 25 other schools with 431 pupils. (2) West Central Africa: On the 20th of March, 1885, a company of mi ionaries, which numbered more than forty, counting women and children, arrived at St. Paul de Loanda, the capital of the Portuguese colony of Angola, under the care of Bishop Taylor. Their objective point was the Tushalange country, some twelve hundred miles inland. It was decided to proceed slowly, by founding a chain of stations, beginning with St. Paul de Loanda. Here a site was purchased, and a building erected for church, school, and residence. Other stations occupied were Ndondo, 200 miles distant, at the head of steamboat navigation on the Congo River; N’hangue, 61 miles over the mountains; Pungo Ndongo,39 miles farther on, and Malange, 60 miles beyond. In 1886 a new plan was adopted by the bishop, who decided to attempt to reach the Tushalange country by way of the Congo and the Ka ai, going by the latter river to the interior. He secured a small steamer, but it being found impracticable at the time to obtain portage around the falls, the steamer was used on the Lower Congo. J’o reach the Congo District from Malange, the last station in Angola, involved a march of a you sand miles to Lualuaburg. Other stations occupied are Kimpoko, at Stanley Pool; Is an gila, on the Lower Congo; Vivi, Natombi, Kabinda and Ma ubi. With the retirement and death of Bishop Taylor and the appointment of Bishop Hartzell m 1896, a change was made in the principle of support, and the burden of gaining a living in a savage country was lifted from the mi ionaries. The other burden of building has been materially lightened, also, by regular appropriations and special gifts for this purpose. In 1900 the Congo Conference was divided. The West Central Africa Mi ion Conference lies on the west, from St. Paul de Loanda about 350 miles inland; with it are included the Madeira Islands. Organized in 1902 it reports 11 stations or circuits, 22 American mi ionaries, 25 native workers, 87 church members, 14 day schools, with 205 pupils. (3) East Central Africa: This Mi ion Conference includes the stations in East Africa south of the equator, and was formally organized by Bishop Hartzell in November, 1901, at Umtali, Rhodesia. There are two principal centers of Aletbodlst Elplscopal work in Portuguese East Africa, one at Inhambane and another at Beira. At Umtali a third center has developed, with work among the white population. Here is a self-supporting academy with five departments. An industrial mi ion is proving helpful in the work.’ There are (1902) 7 stations or circuits, 14 American mi ionaries, 15 native workers, 62 church members, 1 high school with 95 students, and 1 day school with 75 pupils. II. South America (1836): The Rev. Fountain E. Pitts sailed July, 1835, to South America with the view of examining fields, and the establishment of mi ions at Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, where the American and English residents had especially encouraged the work. At Rio de Janeiro Mr. Pitts formed a small society of religious people, with a promise that a pastor should be sent at no distant day. Rev. Justin Spauld ing, by appointment, went to Rio, sailing in March, 1836, and Rev. John Dempster, appointed to Buenos Aires, sailed in October. There were indications of an improvement in the general conditions. A large English-speaking population welcomed the mi ionaries; the Bible could be distributed, and the American, and British and Foreign Bible Societies supplied Spanish and Portuguese Bibles and Testaments, the people eagerly receiving a book which, until recently, had been interdicted. Mr. Spauld ing was joined by Rev. Daniel P. Kidder and R. M. McMurdy, who entered upon extensive itinerations, preaching and scattering Bibles and tracts. In Rio tlie work grew, a Sunday-school was begun, and larger accommodations were needed. The hostility of the Roman priests was awakened, and the mi ionaries subjected to every po ible anno5’ance and hindrance. But these efforts were short-lived and served to advertise the mi ion. The mi ionaries claimed their rights under the toleration act of the constitution. So eager were the people for the Scriptures that it was at first feared there was a general plan to secure copies to destroy them, but it was found that nearly every copy was appro- Work and tours but the Board abandoned Brazil at tlie close of 1841, and the work was discontinued until 1880, when the Society again entered the field, occupying Para and later Maranhao, Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio de Janeiro. The Rev. (afterward Bishop) William Taylor endeavored to inaugurate self supporting stations, but with no great succe . Still, the work advanced and the Brazil Conference was organized in 1889. In 1836 Mr. Pitts took up the work in Buenos Aires, which the Presbyterians had left, and was They could joined by the Rev. John Dempster. only secure permi ion from the governor to preach to the foreign population, and this restricMeanwhile, work had tion lasted till 1852. begun in Monte video, and was prospering when priately used. for seamen through the country showed good through financial embarra ment results, political disturbances caused orders to be i ued An earnest protest to discontinue the mi ion. from the foreign residents and a pledge of financial help resulted in the withdrawal of the order, and there followed a most interesting period when all religious restrictions were removed, and the work took a new start at Monte video and extended to Esperanza, Rosario, and Cordova. In 1880 the General Committee changed the name of the mi ion in the Rio Plata region to Metbodlst Episcopal”Southeast South American Mi ion.” The name “Western South America” was used on their lists for the stations established by William Taylor in Peru, at Callao, Lima, Mollendo, Arica, and Tacna, Iquique, Pabellon de Rico, and Huanillas; in Bolivia at Ant of agast a, and in Chile, at Calendra Copiapo, Coquimbo, Val para i so, Talcahuana and Concepcion. The stations in the basin of the Amazon and adjacent regions at Para, Pernambuco, and Manaos; and at Colon on the Isthmus of Panama, were known as the “Northeastern South America.” The name “South America Mi ion” was, however, restored two years later. Mi ionaries made exploring tours over an immense territory extending 300 miles up the Parana River and from the Uruguay River to the sea, and in 1882 Bishop Foster pa ed along the coasts of the continent studying the work at Buenos Aires, Monte video, and Rosario, in its far-reaching relation to the south With the with eastern part of the continent. drawal of Bishop Taylor from the supervision of self-supporting stations the established by him, in 1884, they pa ed under the control of the “Transit Building Fund Society of Bishop Taylor’s Self-supporting Mi ions.” In 1893 the Transit and Building Fund Society offered their entire property in Chile to the Mi ionary Society, on condition that the work be still conducted on the self-supporting basis. The offer was accepted and these stations pa ed into The same year, after the care of the Society. full discu ion had taken place, all the stations of the Society in South America were organized This event marked into an annual conference. the close of the first period in the history of Methodism in South America. The newly organized conference comprised six districts and its work extended to eight of the ten nations of the continent. In 1897 the conference was divided into the South America Conference, including the republics of Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Brazil, and Bolivia east of the Andes; and the Western South America Mi ion Conference, including the countries of South America bordering on the Pacific Ocean. This conference has two divisions; the Peru Mi ion, including Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador, and the Chile Mi ion, including the Republic of Chile. The South America Conference has (1902) 26 stations or circuits, 29 American mi ionaries, and 139 native workers, 3,713 church members, 5 high schools with 387 pupils, and 14 day schools with 1,182 pupils. The Western South America Conference has 18 stations or circuits, 43 American workers, 21 native helpers, 1,848 members, and 32 day schools with 2,839 pupils. III. China (1847): As early as 1835 the Mi ionary Lyceum of the Wesley an University at Middle town, Conn., warmly advocated a mi ion to the Chinese Empire, and $1,450 was raised as the beginning of a fund for such a mi ion. The matter was held in abeyance, however, until 1846. In that year at the annual meeting of the Society Dr. W. C. Palmer proposed to be one of thirty to give $100 a year for ten years to support a mi ion in China. The General Committee accepted, and the following year Rev. M. C. White and Rev. J. D. Collins were appointed to China, reaching Macao in August. The mi ionaries proceeded to Fu-chau, where the mi ionaries of the ABCFM welcomed them” and opened to them a house which had been rented for one of 468 their own mi ionaries. Thus, Methodism was at last planted in China. Schools were opened the next year and a church erected in 1855. The foreign population joined in the movement, and by 1858 the entire organization of a Methodist Episcopal Church was completed, with its cla meetings, quarterly meetings, and collections. The work of the mi ion in 1859 began to extend westward. This year the To-cheng appointment, about fifteen miles northwest of Fuchau, began with a cla of thirteen members; this year, also, native workers were licensed and ernployed. In February more reen for cements joined the mi ion, notable among whom were the Rev. and Mrs. Stephen L. Baldwin. In November a school for girls was established on a broader and more permanent basis than had theretofore been atternpted. Other places were entered, among them Kiu-kiang (1867), Peking (1869), Tientsin (1874). In 1881 the Anglo Chinese College at Fuchau was organized, followed a few years later by the printing pre , with its publication, the Fohkien Christian Advocate; medical work at Fuchau (1892), and a theological school at Hing-hwa, which had been made a station in 1885. In 1901 a Home Mi ionary Society was organized. (1.) The Fuchau Conference is divided into eight districts. There are (1902) 45 American mi ionaries, 261 native workers, 10,572 church members, 1 theological school, 9 high schools, 133 day schools, 2,916 scholars. (2.) The Hing-hwa Mi ion Conference (1896): This includes the prefectures of Hing-hwa and Ing-chung, in Fo-kien Province, and continued a part of the Fuchau mi ion till 1896, when it was organized as a separate conference. The theological school, boys’ and girls’ boarding schools, and graded schools are well attended. The Hing-hwa Conference is divided into five districts, with 12 Amercian mi ionaries, 268 native workers, 3,823 church members, and 8 day schools with 125 scholars. (3.) Central China Mi ion (1869): Mi ionaries connected with the Fuchau Mi ion began work in Central China in 1867, and two years later it was set apart as a separate mi ion. In 1870 Mr. Hart at Kiu-kiang was reenforced; others followed, circuits were organized, including Hwang-mei, Nan-kang, and Shin-chang; the Fowler Institute, at Kiu-kiang, was opened (1881); Wu-hu, Nan-king, Chin-kiang, and Nanchang were occupied. In 1891 the anti-foreign riots caused some disturbance, but resulted in the work being established on a firmer basis than ever before. The special feature of 1892 was the opening of a pre building on the Kiu-kiang Institute premises, and the mi ion closed the first quarter of a century of its history in 1893 with large encouragement. The mi ion suffered in common with others in the Boxer movement of 1900, and this was followed by floods in the Yangtse Valley. The central station of the Central China Mi ion is now (1902) Nan-king. There are 30 stations or circuits, 38 American mi ionaries, and 54 native helpers, 1,420 church members, 4 high schools with 299 students, 26 day schools with 412 pupils. (4.) North China Mi ion (1869): This Conference includes the Provinces of Shan-tung and Ho-nan, and all China north of them. Work was begun by mi ionaries from Fuchun in 1869. The riots in Tientsin (1871) did not hinder as feared, and in 1877 the work in much as was 459 both cities was well organized, and extended both north and south. The famine of 1878, followed by pestilence, opened many doors, and the illne Hung Chang led to the firm of the wife of Li establishment of medical work at Tientsin, and the opening of the Isabella Fisher Hospital for Women in 1881. Then followed Peking Univer«ity (1885), at first known as Wiley Institute, And a dispensary at Tsun-hwa, the beginning of Intermediate schools were estabthe hospital. lished at Peking, Tientsin, Tsun-hwa, Tai-an, and Lan-chau, and day schools were formed wherever po ible. In spite of floods and famines the work progre ed. Yet appropriations were cut down until in 1902 they were “twenty-five per cent, le than ten years before. The Boxer movement paralyzed the work, tho no mi ionaries of the society lost their lives, and the work has been taken up The report (1902) again with renewed energy. jshows 6 districts, 49 stations, 28 American mi ionaries, 91 native helpers, 2,784 members, day schools, 1 college, 7 high schools, and 19 fortunately with 801 pupils in all. This is con(5.) West China Mi ion (1881) fined almost wholly to the Sze-chwan Province. When the General Committee met in 1880 they appropriated $5,000 to inaugurate this work, This contingent on a like amount being given. was pledged by the Rev. John J. Goucher, D,D., Wheeler, D.D., Baltimore. L. U. of The Rev. accompanied by the Rev. Spenser Lewis, arrived There was in Chung-king in December, 1882. no difficulty in organizing schools for boys, while numerous applicants appeared for entrance Public preaching to a prospective girls’ school. was commenced in February, 1883; in October cf the same year a girls’ school was opened, and a similiar one for boys in 1884. In consequence of an anti-foreign riot, which destroyed the buildings in 1885, the mi ion was discontinued for a year, but in 1887 the Rev. Olin Cady recommenced the work, which increased rapidly. In 1890 Chen-tu was occupied, and tho cholera was followed by the political disturbances culminating in the Boxer movement, the growth was phenomenal. There are (1902) 11 circuits or stations, 25 American mi ionaries, 56 native workers, 1,252 church members, and 17 day schools with 396: pupils. IV. India (1856) As early as 1852 the General Committee resolved that”a fund be created and placed at the discretion of the Board and bishops for commencing a mi ion in India,” and $7,500: were appropriated for this purpose. It was not, however, till 1856 that the work was begun, the Rev. William Butler arriving at Calcutta with his family in September. After careful investigation, Mr. Butler located in the Northwest Provinces, with the Rohilkhand and Oudh as his particular field. The territorv which comprised the mi ion field of the M. E. Church extended from the Him a lay as on the north, on the west and south to the Ganges, to a point between Cawnpur and Benares, and on the east to the boundaries of Oudh. To man this district Mr. Butler asked for eight men for Lucknow, four for Bareilly and Moradabad, respectively, three for Faizabad, and two for Shahjehanpur, Budaon, and Pilibhit each. Religious services were at once opened at Bareilly, but before much could be accomplished the Sepoy rebellion broke out, and the work was interrupted. The headquarters MethodlHt Episcopal at Bareilly were destroyed, and when the work was resumed in 1858 Naini Tal and Lucknow were visited and became the basis of operations. Services were held in English and Hindu stan i, a school for boys was started in the Naini Tal Bazar and another for girls in the mi ion house. In January, 1859, work was begun in Moradabad, and the following month Bareilly was again occupied. In July of that year the first convert was baptized. Reen for cements were sent out, who proceeded at once to Lucknow, where a general gathering of the mi ionaries took place. Among the newcomers were Revs. James M. Thoburn, J. W. Waugh, E. W. Parker, J. R. Downey, and their wives. It was decided to occupy Shahjehanpur and Bijnaur. In 1860 a printing office was established at Bareilly and publication was begun the foundation of the Book Concern at Lucknow, to which city it was removed in 1866. Schools and orphanages for both boys and girls were established, and during the next decade the work was carried on from nine centers, manned by native preachers, from which — it spread to the surrounding villages. The Rev. T. Gracey and wife began work at Sitapur in 1861, a region not formally occupied by any mi ionary society. In 1869 some land lying on the edge of Oudh was purchased for a Christian settlement, and by 1875 the little village had reached The nece ity of a period of insured succe . J. trained native preachers had long been felt, and in 1872 a gift of $20,000 was received for the endowment of a theological seminary at Bareilly. In January, 1873, the India Mi ion Conference became an Annual Conference, and in 1877 the Northwest Province east of the Ganges and the province of Oudh were organized into the 1. North India Conference: This includes the districts of Bareilly-Kumaon, Bijnaur, Garhwal, Gonda, Hardoi, Moradabad, Oudh (with Lucknow), Pilibhit and Sambhal. Reid Christian College at Lucknow, with 479 students; the publishing house at the same place, which sent out in one year 74,600,000 pages; the Isabella Thoburn College and High School, deacone ’ home, and the theological seminary at Bareilly are indications of the attention paid to education and mental as well as spiritual training. The report (1902) shows 54 mi ionaries, 1,379 native workers, 30,884 church members, 451 schools with 11,053 pupils. 2. Northwest India: This includes the districts of Ajmere, Aligarh, Allah a bad, Cawnpur, KasIt was in ganj, Meerut, Muttra, and the Punjab. this conference that the great evangelistic movement (1888-1893) brought into the Church such great numbers of the sweeper caste a movement which has steadily progre ed. At present the special outlook is toward the Punjab, and northward into Central Asia. The report (1902) shows 38 mi ionaries, 1,054 native morkers, 40,804 communicants, 448 schools with 10,692 — pupils. South India: This conference includes the Godavari, Haidarabad, Madras, and Raichur. It was originally a part of the Bombay, Bengal, and Madras Mi ion and was organ The work commenced with the ized in 1876. visit to India of WilUam Taylor in 1870, which resulted, in connection with the labors of other mi ionaries, in a remarkable revival through the 3. districts of Among the special features of following years. the mi ion work are the Anglo-vernacular Girls’ Boarding School at Haidarabad, and the pub- Methodist Episcopal Zenana work under lishing house at Madras. the special care of the Woman’s Foreign Mi ionary Society has had good fruit. The report (1902) shows 37 mi ionaries, 218 native workers, and 2,206 members. 4. Bombay: This Conference, including the districts of Bombay and Gujarat, and the Central Provinces, was set apart from the Bombay Then, as in and Bengal Conference in 1891. South India, the work received its impulse from the visit of Mr. Taylor in 1870, and enjoyed much As the support from the Rev. George Bowen. work progre ed the extent of territory covered and the exigencies of superintendence compelled the division, so that what was at first one general conference of South India became three_ con The special features of the work in the ferences. Bombay district are: the publishing house at Bombay, seamen’s rests at Bombay and Kimari, a Mi ion Institute at Nariad, medical work at The Poona, and general educational work. report (1902) shows 43 mi ionaries, 459 native workers, 12,576 members, 240 schools, with 7,456 pupils. 5. Bengal: This Conference, including the districts of Calcutta, Calcutta Bengali, Asansol and Tirhoot, was set off from the South India ConAt first it ference and organized in 1888. included Burma and the Straits Settlements, but A these were afterward separately organized. special feature of the mi ion is the Methodist weekly paper, the Indian Witne , which ranks as the foremost religious paper in India. A training school for girls, orphanages, a seamen’s rest, boarding and day schools, as well as general educational and evangelistic work, make up the record of mi ionary effort. The report (1902) shows 27 mi ionaries, 121 native workers, 2,339 members, 45 schools, with 2,916 pupils. 6. Burma: This Conference, organized in 1901, to include the Burma district of the BengalBurma Conference, carries on its work chiefly in Rangoon, tho there are mi ionaries in Pegu and Thandaung. In Rangoon the work is among the Burmese, English, Tamils, and An English girls’ high school and an Telugus. industrial training school at Thandaung are doing good work. The report (1902) shows 13 mi ionaries, 38 native workers, 583 members, 5 schools, with 184 pupils. V. Bulgaria: In 1854 Rev. Elias Riggs, of the at Constantinople, wrote a letter to the Society, urging it to take up work in Bulgaria, since there was an opportunity which his own Society felt unable to use. Accordingly in 1857 Rev. Albert L. Long and Rev. Wesley Prettiman, M.D., were sent out and opened stations at Varna ABCFM and Shumla. Subsequently Tirnova and Tultcha were occupied, work in the latter city reaching Molokans, a the body of Ru ian di enters. The work met with both succe and discouragement, and in 1864 Dr. Long removed to Constantinople and commenced the publication of a weekly paper, the Zornitza, which afterward pa ed into the hands of the ABCFM, and exerted a great influence among the people. In 1871 Dr. Long joined the staff of profe ors in Robert College, where he remained until his death, always interested in and identifying himself with work for evangelizing and elevating Bulgarians. For a time the difficulties were so great and succe apparently so little that (1871-1873) the mi ion was practically suspended. In 1873, however. 460 was taken up again and extended so as to include all the section north of the Balkans. Several Bulgarians, educated in the U. S., were added to the mi ionary force, and prospects were brighter, when the Ru o-Turkish war, following on the Bulgarian ma acres, darkened the sky. The establishment of the principality of Bulgaria brought a measure of religious liberty, but worked adversely, in that the Bulgarians looked upon those who left the Bulgarian Church as traitors to the nation. Still the work has continued, and in 1892 a mi ion conference was organized. Several times since then there has been question of discontinuing the mi ion, but the Society has held on, and in 1902 reports 4 mi ionaries, 42 native workers, 314 members, 2 schools, with 25 pupils. Especially encouraging is the girls’ school at Loftcha. VI. Japan: The heavy demands made by other mi ions delayed the General Conference in entering on work in Japan, but in 1873 a party, including Me rs. R. S. Maclay, John C. Davis on, Julius Soper, and M. C. Harris, arrived in Yokohama. They were followed by others and in August the mi ion was organized in Yokohama. The stations at first occupied were Yokohama, Tokio, Hakodate, Matsumai and Nagasaki. From the first there were most cordial relations with other mi ions, especially with that of the Canada it Methodist Church, and arrangements were made to cooperate so far as po ible. This has developed until plans are maturing for a union of all the Methodist mi ions in Japan. In 1882 a fine girls’ school was opened at Nagasaki, and in 1885 the Philander Smith Bible Institute was completed at Yokohama. In 1884 the Mi ion was organized as a conference, and in 1898 divided into two, the Japan and South Japan conferences. The Japan Conference includes the districts Hakodate, Hirosaki, Tokio, Yokohama, Nagoya, Sendai, Sapporo, and Shinano. The mi ion has shared in the various experiences attending the work in Japan the advance, the period of depre ion, and the more recent forward movement. The report (1902) shows 47 mi ionaries, 236 native workers, 5,272 communicants, The total enroll11 schools, with 1,427 pupils. ment in the Bible Institute (Aoyama Gakuin) was 259. The pre work shows 9,357,800 pages printed during the year, including 19,114 volumes, 242,000 tracts, 363,000 S. S. periodicals. 2. The South Japan Conference includes the districts of Fukuoka and Nagasaki. The naval station at Sasebo and the government works at Mitsu Bishi furnish peculiar opportunities 1. of — work among sailors and laborers, and Chingei Seminary at Nagasaki is a finely equipped school. The report (1902) shows 20 mi ionaries, 31 native workers, and 1,289 comfor the municants. VII. Mexico: In 1873 the General Conference sent Dr. William Butler, who had served in India and as secretary of the American and Foreign Christian Union, to Mexico. In company with Bishop Haven he visited Vera Cruz, Puebla and Mexico City, and finally located in the capital, securing a site originally occupied by a palace of the Aztec sovereign Monte zum a, and later by a Roman Catholic monastery, which had been Dr. Butler seized by the Mexican Government. was joined by others, some of whom, knowing Spanish, were able to begin work immediately. 461 The succe attending their efforts aroused the bitter opposition of the Roman Catholic priests, resulting in several outbreaks, the murder of Mr. Stephens of the ABCFM, and of a number of Mexican Protestants, and the destruction of several of the Methodist buildings. Still the work prospered and was extended so that in 1884 the ference. mi ion was organized as a con The report (1902) shows 5 districts: Central (Mexico City), Oaxaca, Orizaba, Hidalgo, and Mountain. Among the special features are the Methodist Institute and the publishing house at Mexico, the medical work and the schools. The pre i ued over 5,000,000 pages of Christian There are 31 mi ionaries, 185 native literature. workers, 5,592 members, 58 schools, with 3,553 pupils. VIII. Korea: In 1883, the year after the treaty between Korea and the U. S. was made. Dr. John F. Goucher offered to the Mi ionary Society $2,000 for the purpose of starting a mi ion in Korea, and $3,000 toward the purchase of a site. The Mi ionary Committee accepted it, made an additional appropriation, and in 1884, Dr. R. S. Maclay, who had already been identified with pioneer work in China and Japan, arrived at Chemulpo, secured a favorable reception from the King, and, with Dr. W. B. Scranton and Rev. H. G. Appenzeller, commenced the work at Seoul. Dr. Scranton’s medical skill proved most advantageous, and Mr. Appenzeller secured some pupils for his school, which soon received official recognition. Later, the work was extended to WonWonsan, howsan, Pyeng-yang and Kongju. ever, was afterward handed over to the M. E. Church South. Medical work is still confined to Pyeng-yang, but urgent need is felt of extending it to other, stations. In educational matters there is cordial cooperation with the M. E. Ch. South, as there is hearty sympathy in other lines The succe attained by the mi ion is seen in the figures of the report (1902), 26 mi ionaries, 26 native workers, 5,855 communicants. of work. IX. Malaysia: The Malaysia Mi ion had its origin in appeals that went from Singapore to Dr. J. M. Thoburn at Calcutta in 1879. He made special inquiries and a few years later (1884) Bishop Hurst, at a meeting of the South India made such representations resulting from a visit to Singapore, that the Rev. W. F. Oldham was appointed to commence work in that city. He reached his station in the spring of 1885 and soon acquired such influence among the Chinese that they contributed liberally to Conference, schools and a church. Work was also estabIn 1889 the lished among the Tamil coolies. mi ion was organized which developed into the Malaysia Mi ion Conference in 1893, and the Malaysia Annual Conference in 1902. In the Malay Peninsula the chief places occupied are Singapore and Penang, but to these was added the work in the Philippine Islands, commenced in 1899. Services are conducted in English, Malay, Tamil and Chinese, and the school facilities for all cla es are good. At Singapore there is also a mi ion pre . In the Philippines work has been undertaken at Manila, Malolos, San Fernando and Gerona. There is a small but complete publishing plant and the Philippine Christian Advocate has commenced publication. The report (1902) shows 28 mi ionaries, 72 native workers, 3,403 communicants, and 8 schools, with 1,166 pupils. Methodist Elplscopal X. European Mi ions: The work of the Society in the Protestant lands of Europe had its origin in the conversion in America of some who had come from Europe as emigrants, and who desired to return and give to their own people the new conception of spiritual life that had come to them. Thus the work in Norway and Sweden was begun by Olof Gustaf Hedstrom in 1845, and that in Germany by Rev. Ludwig S. Jacoby, who landed at Bremen in 1849. From these, mi ionary effort has extended over the whole of Northern Europe. The Society employs no American mi ionaries, but gives some a ist- The report (1902) shows in North Germany 63 ordained and 39 unordained preachers, 6,690 communicants; in South Germany, 75 ordained and 151 unordained preachers, 10,412 communicants; Switzerland, 47 ordained, 5 unordained preachers, 8,803 communicants; Norway, 41 ordained, 68 unordained preachers, 5,894 communicants; Sweden 93 ordained and 30 unordained preachers, 17,077 communicants; Denmark, 19 ordained, 21 unordained preachers, 3,465 communicants; Finland, and St. Petersburg, 13 unordained preachers, In Sweden are reported 1,012 communicants. ance to the native churches. a considerable number of other helpers, including teachers. In 1832 Dr. Charles Elliott commenced to pre upon the Methodist churches the feasibility For some years his plan of a mi ion in Italy. was scarcely treated seriously, but in 1850 it was taken up with some earnestne . It required, however, 20 years more of consideration before the mi ion was fairly inaugurated, and in 1871 After a Dr. Leroy M. Vernon arrived in Genoa. careful survey of the field he recommended Rome for the headquarters of the mi ion, with other Then followed stations at Naples and Genoa. an earnest protest from Father Gavazzi, of the Free Italian Church, against the introduction of Methodism into Italy, but in 1872 it was decided to proceed, but to make Bologna the head Subsequently Rome was again chosen, quarters. and has been the center of work ever since. In 1874 an exceptionally fine site for a church was offered for sale and promptly purchased, and St. Paul’s M. E. Church was erected and consecrated on Christmas Day, 1875. In 1881, the Italy Annual Conference was organized, and the work steadily progre ed, not a few representatives of prominent families joining the churches. In the Rome district is included work in Northern Italy and Switzerland. The report (1903) shows 10 mi ionaries, 40 Italian workers, 2,716 communicants, and 11 schools. Woman’s Foreign Mi ionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church: About ninety days after the organization of the Mi . Soc. of the M. E. Church (July, 1819), a woman’s auxiliary was formed, in New York City. It was not very active, however, and by 1855 had largely been crowded out by other organizations. Meanwhile (1847) a ladies’ China Mi ionary Society had been formed in Baltimore, but on the organization of the Women’s Union Mi ionary Society in New York in 1860, a number of Methodist women There arose, however, a joined in that Society. feeling that there should be a church society, and in 1869 the present organization was completed. The conduct of the Society is in the hands of an Executive Committee, which meets regularly, but really has no headquarters, except an office at 150 Methodist Episcopal Fifth ave., New York City, where literature is The secretary is Mrs. J. T. Gracey distributed. The funds, receipts, and approof Rochester. priations are kept entirely distinct from those of the Mi ionary Society, and the mi ionaries are Thus, while there is complete listed separately. and cordial cooperation, the two societies are distinct. According to the report (1902) the woman’s society has 204 mi ionaries and 964 native These are chiefly in China, Japan workers. and India; very few in Africa. They are included in the statistics given above under each conference. The total appropriations for the year were $431,111, while the total for Foreign Mi ions by the Mi ionary Society was $683,942. It appears, represents about two-fifths thus, that the of the foreign mi ion work of the church The work of the young people for mi ions has, in the M. E. Church been very fully developed under the Epworth League organization. Mi ion study cla es have been organized at home with a view to training up a force of mi ionary workers as well as givers. On the field, too, this _ WFMS organization has been most effective. Obgan: World Wide Mi ions, monthly; Rrid (J. M.), Mi ions and Mi ionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 3 vols., New York, 1S06. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH, SOUTH At the first General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, held in 1846, a Home and Foreign Mi ion Its operations were ary Society was organized. committed to a Board of Managers, who, in con determined the fields junction with the Bishops, that were to be occupied, selected the mi ionaries, and apportioned the amount to be collected among the annual conferences. The home and the foreign fields were under the management of (U. S. A.); Board of Mi ions: the same board. In 1866 the General Conference placed the work of the Mi ionary Society under two boards, one having charge of the foreign and one of the home field. In 1870 the mi ions of the church were again placed under one board, and in 1874 the Constitution was again changed, bringing the work in foreign lands under the Board of Mi ions and the work in the home field under the Annual Conference Boards of Mi ions. The General Board has charge of the foreign mi ions and all others not provided for by the Annual Conferences. It consists of a president, two secretaries, and twenty-five The bishops and treasurers are ex officio members of the board. The Board meets annually to determine what fields shall be occupied, and the number of persons to be employed in each; to estimate the amount that may be nece ary for its mi ions; and to divide the same among the annual conferences. The first work of the Board was among the colored people and Indians of the United States, and then it launched out into a larger field, opening work in the Chinese Empire. 1. China: The offer made by Charles Taylor, of the South Carolina Conference, in 1843, to go to China as a mi ionary, was the origin of the vice-president, managers. action of the first General Conference held in Petersburg, Va., in May, 1846, when it was decided to commence a mi ion to China. Mr. Taylor was appointed, studied medicine, and in April, 1848, with his colleague, Mr. Benjamin Jenkins, sailed for China with their families. Shanghai was selected as the best location for the mi ion. On arriving at Hong kong, after a four months’ voyage, the illne of Mrs. Jenkins prevented her from going any further, and Dr. Taylor began work in Shanghai in September alone. Nine months later Mr. Jenkins and his wife arrived, and as soon as a suflicient knowledge of the language had been acquired the two mi ionaries opened a chapel for preaching, attracting many who came in those days through mere curiosity. Few Christian books were published in Chinese at that time and the work was largely that of talking to the people by the wayside and preaching to them front of temples and as they were gathered in street chapels; but as the language was acquired more perfectly, converts were made and a nucleus of a church was formed. The first convert was providentially a man from the upper middle cla Liew Sien Sang. His name has been familiar to Southern m — Methodists ever since. He was an eloquent and native preacher whose vigorous mind, quick apprehension, ready and fluent utterance and noble piety made him universjilly beloved and heeded. The mi ion was strengthened in 1852 by the arrival of Rev. W. G. E. Cunnyngham and his wife; but the work and the climate began to tell on the pioneers, and Drs. Taylor and Jenkins, with their families, were soon obliged to return home. The Tai-ping rebellion was in progre , and in that year Shanghai was captured and useful in the hands of the insurgents for eighteen months. Little work could be done. Fire and the ravages of the contending armies arrested evangelistic work; misfortunes culminated in the burning of the only chapel and the two mi ion houses. The mi ion was reenforced in 1854 by three married mi ionaries, Revs. D. C. Kelley, J. W. Lambuth, and J. L. Belton; but the war continued, and the constant nervous strain and unsanitary conditions brought on sickne , and the withdrawal of two mi ionaries. Despite remained difficulties, however, inquiries increased, and several were received into the church. In 1859 two more mi ionaries were sent out, and others followed later, but several were compelled to withdraw. In 1869 the record of the mi ion during the twenty-one years of its existence showed that eight mi ionaries with their families had been sent out; death had removed one mi ionary and two mi ionaries’ wives; one had withdrawn from the work, four had returned to the United States, and two were left About in the field, Me rs, Allen and Lambuth. sixty natives had been baptized, and among the converts were two native preachers of great gifts and usefulne . In 1870 three stations had been occupied Shanghai, Soochow, and Nantziang, of which Shanghai remained the principal station, having substantial mi ion houses and two chapels. Faithful work was beginning to have its effect and the mi ion was becoming strong and aggre ive. The full significance of this work appears in the fact that for ten years, or from 1860 until 1870, the mi ionaries were not supported by their Board the Civil War in the United States having destroyed the resources Me rs. Lambuth, Allen and Wood of the South. sustained themselves as best they could, the last named mi ionary returning home during the — — decade, having lost his wife. J. W. Lambuth, ably seconded by his wife, in 463, addition to efforts at self-support by interpreting and teaching, bent his energies to the strengthening of the native church. Native helpers and Bible women were trained and put to work, itinerating tours were made into the surrounding country, a church was gathered together at each of the three stations, boarding and day schools were opened and the work grew in importance. Dr. Lambuth’s boat became a familiar object within a radius of fifty miles around Shanghai. On the streets, in the temples, or in the little rented chapels of Tsing-pu, Nantziang, Kia-ting, and many other places, he could be seen, the His life was as center of a wondering crowd. powerful as his words, and to him was due largely the credit of laying the foundations for the extensive evangelistic work which now reaches far into the interior of the province. An early and urgent need of the mi ion, and in fact of the entire mi ionary movement in China, was men capable of producing an acceptable and effective literature. China is a nation of students. He who seeks to catch and hold the attention of her literati must conform to their high standard of style and clothe his arguments with the skill of a master. Cut off from home supplies, Dr. Young J. Allen, while maintaining himself and famil}’ by teaching and translating in the Kiang-Nan arsenal, was constantly thrown in contact with that bright and more advanced cla oi Chinese offici.als who had been entrusted with the management of^the difficult problem of Finding Dr. intercourse with foreign nations. Allen a man of wide and varied information they sought his counsel and gave him their confidence. He conceived the idea of a periodical that should give the Chinese in their own language the salient facts of a Western religion, philosophy, science, and politics, and such general information as should, in a measure, prepare them for the constantly increasing contact with Western civilization. From this grew the Wan Kwok Kong-Pao (World’s Magazine). It immediately became popular, and it now circulates over the Straits Settlements, Japan, Korea, and the Pacific Coast, as well as throughout China. In addition, a number of volumes have come from Dr. Allen’s pen. His History of the Chinese-Japanese War received the acknowledgment of three emperors. Kang-yu-wei, chief adviser of the Emperor of China in the reforms of 1898, and the leading Chinese patriot, while a refugee from the Empre Dowager, said, “I owe my conversion to reform, and my knowledge of reform, to two mi ionaries Rev. Timothy Richard and Dr. Young J. — Allen.” The pre ing demand for trained native preachers was more and more making itself felt in the mi ion. Moreover, the children of the converts were growing up and the mi ionaries were face to face with the nece ity of providing In for them the means of a Christian education. the autumn of 1875 Dr. A. P. Parker, now President of the Anglo-Chinese College in Shanghai, joined the mi ion. He was appointed to Soochow, a newly opened station, and placed in charge of a few boys who had already been gathered by J. W. Lambuth into a school in Shanghai. Soochow, the second station of the mi ion, was one of the most important and one of the most difficult fields of the Empire. The large number of Confucian scholars, literary chancellors, viceroys, and other high officials that have gone Metbodlett ESplscopnl forth from its walls have won it first rank as a center. Under the conditions of life which prevailed there, and with the deep-seated prejudice encountered among the literati, it was. nece ary that the preaching of the Gospel should have a ociated with it some phase of Christian work which should incarnate the spirit and ministry of Christ. It was with this purpose that the Board of Mi ions decided to open medical work under Dr. Walter R. Lambuth in 1882, having a ociated with him Dr. W. H. Park, who succe fully carried on the medical mi ion after his colleague was appointed to Japan in 1886. During 1878 the Woman’s Foreign Mi ionary Society entered the field, sending out Mi Lochie Rankin as its first mi ionary. At a later date a hospital was opened in Soochow under its auspices. Slowly a foothold has been gained and prejudice overcome. No agency in the mi ion has been of more value than the work of the women, especially in the educational and med i literary cal departments. The work of the M. E. Church, South, owing to its location in Central China, suffered little from the storm of 1900. The cloud in the north growing out of the Boxer movement threatened destruction, but it pa ed over, and renewed impetus seems to have come upon the work. One remarkable fact is worthy of note: While the Legations were besieged in Peking the Chinese friends of the medical and educational work in Soochow and among them were some of the highest officials were paying their subscriptions pledged for the establishment of the Soochow University under the able presidency of Dr. D. L. Anderson. The statistics of the mi ion for 1902 are as — follows: Mi ionaries, including their wives, 35; mi ionary women, 17; native preachers, 15; Bible women, 66; communicants, 1,944; Sunday schools, 34; scholars, 1,809; Epworth Leagues, 22; members, 725; organized churches, 52; boarding schools, 8; pupils, 476; day schools, 41; pupils, 1,170; hospitals, 3; patients treated, 23,700; total value of mi ion property, $231,409. 2. Mexico: The work of the M. E. Church, South, in Mexico is conducted in three sections: (1) Central Mexican Mi ion Conference: The conversion of an educated Mexican soldier, Alejo Hernandez, was the providential beginning of Bishop Marvin, in 1871, the work in Mexico. appointed Hernandez to the territory bordering on the Rio Grande River between Laredo and its mouth. He was reappointed to the same field Bishop Keener visited the City of for 1872. Mexico in 1873, purchased property, organized a mi ion, and sent Hernandez to this new field. Later the Bishop appointed Rev. Joel T. Daves, of the Louisiana Conference, Superintendent of In 1879 the work had extended the mi ion. from the City of Mexico to the cities of Leon, Cuernavaca, Cuautla, Toluca and Orizaba. Guadalajara was included in 1883, and the work was carried well down the western coast. (2) Mexican Border Conference: This mi ion was also the outcome of the work of Hernandez In 1874 there in the valley of the Rio Grande. were two stations, the one at Brownsville, Texas, and the other in Rio Grande City. Two schools were opened in 1882 under the charge of mi ionaries of the Woman’s Board, one at Concepcion and the other at Laredo. The latter has become as large an educational plant as is found in any Methodist Episcopal Methodist New Including its day school feeders, there were last year over one you sand children under By 1883 the evangelistic work had instruction. extended two hundred miles south into^ Mexico, and of the twenty-three places occupied nine were in Texas, four were on both sides of the Rio Grande, and ten were on the south of it. In 1886 the mi ion was formed into an Annual Confer mi ion. ence. (3) Northwest Mexican Mi ion Conference: This was organized in 1890 and extends as far north as Phoenix, Arizona, reaches down the Gulf of California below Mazatlan, and on to the east from El Paso, until it touches the Mexican Border Conference. It also includes the important cities of Chihuahua, Torreon, and Durango. In the first and the last cities the Woman’s Board has two flourishing schools. The mi ionaries engaged in this field have had the difficulty of vast distances to travel, the inveterate prejudice of Roman Catholics to encounter, and the climatic influences of life in high altitude. But they have wrought well, as the following statistics will indicate: Mi ionaries, including wives, 36; mi ionary women, 21; native traveling preachers, 45; communicants, 5,807; Sunday schools, 113; scholars, 3,921; Epworth Leagues, 42; members, 1,462; organized churches, 149; boarding and day schools, 14; pupils, 1,020; Bible women, 19; hospitals, 1; patieni;s treated, 1,417; total collecIn addition to the foregoing, tions, $5,871. special mention should be made of the hospital work in Monterey under Dr. U. H. Nixon, and the Instituto Laurens, supported by the “Rosebuds” of Virginia. (3) Brazil: In 1875 the Board of Mi ions constituted Rev. J. E. Newman, for some years a resident in Brazil, its first mi ionary, and early in the following year Rev. J. J. Ransom joined him. The province of Sao Paulo was first occupied, but in 1877 work was begun in Rio de Janeiro. In 1881 two mi ionaries went out under the Woman’s Board, and in 1887 an annual conference was organized, under the Presidency of Bi.shop John C. Granbery. The Brazil Mi ion is perhaps the most aggre ive and succe ful one of the church. Notwithstanding its great area, its small force of trained workers, and meager appropriations, very great results have been secured. In the extension of circuits, in creating and circulating Christian literature, in placing the educational work iipon a secure basis, and in unceasing labors to reach the people with the Gospel, no body of men and women have accomplished more than these workers in Brazil. The statistics for 1902 show that this mi ion has the largest increase in membership, the largest collections on the field, and more self supporting churches than any other mi ion of the church. The new building for Granbery College at Juiz de Fora is approaching completion and when thoroughly equipped will prove an invaluable auxiliary. Already it has gained an enviable position in the state. Mi ionaries, including their wives, 29; mi ionary women, 16; native traveling preachers, 19; communicants, Sunday schools, 74; scholars, 2,555; 3^,895; Epworth Leagues, 12; members, 548; organized churches, 55; churches self-supporting, 7; boarding and day schools, 12; pupils, 358; Bible women, 9; total collections, $8,382.00. 4. Japan: In 1886 Bishop H. M. McTyeire, then 464 in charge of the China Mi ion, appointed J. W. Lambuth, W. R. Lambuth, and 0. A. Dukes, who were engaged in mi ionary work in China, to open a mi ion in Japan. On the 25th of July Dr. J. W. Lambuth and wife and Dr. Dukes landed in Kobe and found a field of most inviting character around the great Inland Sea open to their efforts. Joined later on by Dr. W. R. Lambuth, the inauguration meeting of the Japan Mi ion was held on the 17th of September, 1886, just thirty-two years after the landing of the senior Lambuth in Shanghai, China. At the close of the first year six members of the church were reported, including one Chinese and one Japanese. Dr. W. B. Pal more, of St. Louis, visited Japan about this time, and pledged $100 annually for a supply of sound religious literature. Out of this gift grew the Pal more Institute, which, by influencing young men through the teaching of English and the Bible, has been one of the most helpful feeders of the church. A Sunday school of twenty scholars was opened; a weekly collection for a church building was started. The wives of the three mi ionaries entered fully into the work, and sixty women of good families were soon gathered for Bible reading and study. The whole length of the Inland Sea was repeatedly visited. Circuits were mapped out and addre es delivered in many towns from which appeals had come for instruction. Ince ant activity characterized the early years of this mi ion and tested the strength ancf resources of the mi ion During the first year of aries to the utmost. their work a converted Japanese pilot, by the name of T. Sunamoto, offered his services. He had just returned from San Francisco with his heart yearning to bring his own people to a knowledge of Chirst. Proceeding to his native city of Hiroshima, a Buddhist stronghold and the military center of western Japan, he urged the mi ionaries to cooperate with him and was the means of planting the Gospel along the northern shore of the Inland Sea in the very towns and cities where, years before, he had piloted rice junks in from the sea and then spent nights in revelry and di ipation. With his help, and that of two or three others of similar zeal, the church in Japan sprang quickly into a position where the open doors offered opportunity far exceeding the power to occupy. The Girls’ school in Hiroshima is the largest Christian school for girls in the Empire, and commands an enviable reputation among all cla es. Every department is filled to overflowing and applicants are constantly turned away, while the Lambuth Bible and Training School in Kobe is doing an equally important work in training Bible women and others for Christian service. The Kwansei Gakuin at Kobe, under the presidency of Rev. Y. Yoshioka, and the leadership of Dr. S. H. Wainwright, has collegiate and Biblical departments which are doing advanced work. The ideals held up in this institution for young men, both as regards religious and intellectual culture, are of the highest, and already the college has sent out men into the ministry and into profe ional life, who are contributing their influence It takes to the upbuilding of a Christian empire. a foremost place among the educational institutions in the country. The statistics for 1902 are as follows: Mi ionaries, including their wives, 39; native traveling preachers, 14; communicants, 466 855; Sunday schools, 43; scholars, 2,040; Epworth Leagues, 2; members, 89; organized churches, 15; boarding and day schools, 10; pupils, 1,321; total collection, $1,429. Korea: At the urgent request of the Vice5. Minister of Education, Hon. T. H. Yuii, at one time a student of Emory College and of Vanderbilt University, Bishop E. R. Hendrix and Dr. The C. F. Reid visited Korea in October, 1895. providential indications were so plain that the Bishop decided to open a mi ion, and appointed Dr. Reid Superintendent and pioneer mi ionary. The latter moved from Shanghai, China, in August, A large section of country stretching from 1896. Seoul to Songdo was entirely unoccupied by the mi ion forces previously in the field, and work was begun at Koyang and at Songdo, a city of A line of stations was also 65,000 inhabitants. opened between these points, and the mi ion was reenforced. The Woman’s Board, in the autumn of 1897, transferred to Korea from China Mrs. J. P. Campbell, who was afterward joined by other Mrs. Campbell has specific charge of the ladies. Carolina Institute in Seoul, a flourishing boarding school for girls. The work so auspiciously begun in Koyang and Songdo has spread not only to neighboring villages but to Wonsan on the east The spirit of self-support and self-prop a coast. gation characterizes the native converts, and, if continued, will develop a succe ful and aggre ive church. The latest statistics show: Mi ionaries, including their wives, 12; helpers, 25; communicants, 454; Sunday schools, 15; scholars, 519; schools, 6; pupils, 82, and Bible women, 10. 6. Cuba: Some work had been done on the island prior to the war with Spain, but immediately after the close of the war it was nece ary to reorganize the mi ion, which was reduced to a small congregation in Havana, holding occasional meetings in a private house. Under the administration of Bishop Candler, stations were established one after another in the cities of Santiago, Cienfuegos, Santa Clara, Matanzas, and Havana. The work was affiliated with that already being carried on in Tampa and Key West, where large numbers of Cubans were settled in colonies, but in 1898 the work on the island was brought under the General Board of Mi ions, while that on the mainland was attached to the Florida Conference. Cuba has offered a wide and fruitful field for intelligent effort. The failure of Catholicism morally and intellectually Roman to uplift the people has prepared the way for a presentation of the truth backed by the personal character of the Protestant mi ionaries. So convincing has this appeal been that many thoughtful Cubans have accepted the Gospel with joy and thanksgiving. It is the lifting of a long night of superstition and hopele ne and is a prophecy of daybreak everywhere. The statistics for 1902 are Mi ionaries, including their wives, 28; native traveling preachers, 22; communicants, 751; Sunday schools, 16;: scholars, 718; Epworth Leagues,” 6; members, 185; organized churches, 12; schools, 6; pupils, 424; collections, $3,530. Summary: Thirty years ago the Board of Mi ions of the M.E. Church, South, occupied but one foreign field, China, and had in that field only ^ two mi ionaries and their wives, 4native workers, men and women, and about 30 church members. 30 Metlioillst Episcopal IMetlioaist New In its six foreign fields, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Brazil, and Cuba, it has now, including 66 of the Woman’s Board, 241 mi ionaries, 95 native traveling preachers, 104 Bible women, 12,906 church members, 295 Sunday.schools, with 11,570 scholars; 84 Epworth Leagues, with 3,009 members; 312 organized churches, of which 17 are entirely self-supporting; 101 boarding and day schools, with 4,482 pupils; 8 hospitals and dispensaries, which have treated 27,342 patients, and $21,716 has been collected in the field for all purposes. The receipts of the General Board from all sources were $366,180, and of tho Woman’s Board, $112,458, making the total receipts of both Boards $478,638. Organs: Review of Mi ions, Wo-men^s Mi ionary Advocate. 483