synodically (sinodikali)

1. By the authority of a synod. The Spirit of God hath directed us... to addre ourselves to the church, that in plenary council and a embly she may synodically determine controversies. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), II. 341. 2. In a synod; so as to form a synod. Dionysius, Bishop of Rome, in a letter (wrote, very prob. ably, with the advice and consent of his clergy synodically convened), explains the doctrine. Water land, Works, II. viii. synodist (sin'od-ist), n. [ These synodists thought fit in Latin as yet to vail their decrees from vulgar eyes. Fuller . ( Imp . Dict .) synod-mant (sin'od-man), n . 1. A member of a synod. S. Butler , Hudibras, II. iii. 2. Same as synodsman. Synod on tidæ (sin-o-don'ti-dē), n. pl. [NL., Synodus ( -odont- ) + -idæ.] A family of iniomous fishes, exemplified by the genus Synodus. The body is long and cigar-shaped, covered with regular scales and without phosphorescent spots; the mouth is deeply cleft; its upper arch is formed by the elongated Synod on tid a.- A lizard-fish (Trachinocephalus myops). (From Report of U. S. Fish Commi ion.) in term axillaries; and the supra maxillaries are rudimentary or absent. The dorsal fin is short and sub median, the anal moderate, the pectorals are well developed, and the ventrals, also well developed, are not far behind the pectorals. The species chiefly inhabit the tropical and warm seas; six reach the shores of the United States, four on the eastern and two on the western coast. Also Sauri dæ, Saurina. Synod on tinæ (sin"ō-don-ti'nē), n. pl. [ and female flowers in one head, as is common in the Compos itæ. (b) Having male and female organs in the same receptacle, as many mo es. Synœcus (si-nē'kus), n. [NL. (J. Gould, 1842, in the form Synoicus ), 2. In entom., a genus of hymenopterous insects, of the family Vespidæ. Sau ure, 1852. synomosy (sin'ō-mō-si), n.; pl. synomosies (-siz). ( conspirators. synonym (sin'ō-nim), n. [Also synonyme (formerly also, as L., in plural synonym a, sometimes used as an E. singular); Change the structure of the sentence, substitute one synonyme for another, and the whole effect is destroyed. Macaulay, Milton. Synonyms are words of like significance in the main, but with a certain unlikene as well. Trench, Study of Words, p. 173. 2. A word of one language which corresponds onds in meaning with a word in another language. See heteronym , 2, paronym , 2, and the quotation from Camden under synonymize.-3. In nat . hist ., a systematic name having the or approximately the same, meaning or application as another which has superseded it; a technical name which, by the rules of nomenclature, is not tenable. The question of the acceptance of a generic or a specific name depends upon the law of priority. (a) Botanists take 1753, the year of the publication of Linnæus's "Species Plant arum," as synonymic Nymphæa gives way to Castalia; Adlumia cirrhosa of Rafi nesque to Adlumia fungosa of Aiton; Trollius American a of Muhlenberg to T. lax us of Salisbury; etc. (b) Zoologists usually adopt a different date as the starting-point. In England and on the continent of Europe this is generally 1766, the date of the twelfth edition of the "System a Naturæ (with an expre exception in favor of the genera (not the species) of Bri on, 1760); American zoologists nearly all start from 1758, the date of the tenth edition of the work named. This difference of dates is the chief incompatibility of two schools which have become known as the English and the American, neither of which has thus far the point to the other. The former school con tends that 1766 (the date of the last edition of the "System a," revised by the author himself) represents the completion of the Linnean binomial system in zoology, the earlier editions having been but provisional or tentative; the latter school maintains that 1758 is the date when that system was first formally and consistently applied to zoology. In practice the whole matter of synonyms is ex tremely complicated by various considerations other than the single question of priority in any given case-as, for example, the adequacy or exclusive pertinence of the diagnosis upon which a name rests; recognizability of a description; acceptation of a name in a wide or a narrow sense by different authors; transference or cro -use of a name by different authors; erroneous identification and consequent wrong applications of a name; rejection of a name for one of several different reasons and introduction of another name in its stead; the question whether use of a name in botany precludes its subsequent use in zoology (and con question the same name be an onym in more than one of the numerically enormous orders of insects; and, particularly, the biological question (a matter nece arily of expert opinion) of what constitutes a genus, species, subspecies, etc. To all the above considerations (besides which various others could be adduced) is to be added especially, in accounting for the vast number of synonyms which encumber zoological nomenclature, the ince ant redescription and renaming of species and genera in ignorance of the fact (or ignoring the fact) that they had been named before, or mistaking them for valid when they are not. One singular cla of synonyms is merely verbal, arising from corrections of malformed words, which, when properly respelled, are seen to be literally identical with other names from which they had appeared different by the mi pelling; and with this cla of synonyms is related another, arising from a mere difference in termination (as of gender, for example, Picus and Pica ), inflection, etc. (as Synodus, Synodon, Synodontus, Synodon tis). Literal quibbles of this sort have proved so frequently vexatious that the American school has declared that a word must subsist precisely as originally printed, no matter how malformed or mi pelled, unle a typographical error be manifest, and that any two words which are differently spelled are tenable as different names, if the distinction be anything more or other than mere change of termination (as- us, -a, -um, or -ites and -it is, as distinguishing grammatical gender). Irrespective of the law of priority, and also of any such moot points as are above cited, the rules of nomenclature require (1) that no specific or subspecific name shall be used twice in the same genus; and (2) that no generic name, or name of any higher group, shall be used twice in the animal kingdom. There is thus, theoretically, but a single onym (tenable binomial designation) of every species, and a single onym of every genus or higher group - all other designations being in every case synonyms. Practically, however, the case is far from any such simplicity and uniformity; alternative technical names ince antly recur in the literature of zoology; and the synonymy of numberle species, genera, etc., is in almost inextricable confusion. The number of synonyms in zoology vastly exceeds that of the onyms; most species which have long been known have acquired a larger number of New Latin synonyms than of English names; very many have been placed a dozen or more different genera, and have been described under as many different specific names-the various combinations of which generic and specific designations are a third source of uncounted synonyms. Such uncertainty and inconvenience have resulted from all these nomenclatural vagaries that some zoologists do not hesitate to ignore the fundamental law of priority, and continue to call a species by the technical name by which it has been oftenest called already. Such consensus of the nomenclators has at least the advantage of presenting better-known instead of le -known names. synonym a (si-non'i-ma), n. pl. [L., pl. of syno nymum, a synonym: see synonym.] Synonyms. In for. As I am the state-scout, you may think me an informer. Mast. They are synonym a . Mas singer , Emperor of the East, i. 2. [In the following quotation the word is erroneously treated as a singular, with an English plural synonym as. All the synonym as of sadne were little enough to expre this great weeping. Jer. Taylor, Works (ed. 1835), Ι. 74.] same, sists in conferring upon it two appellations, a generic and a specific; and adequate publication consists in i uing a printed diagnosis sufficient to identify the plant with certainty. The earliest name conferred after the above date is the name by which, according to the law of priority, the plant must be known, providing, of course, that the cla ification is correct; and it is held that a strict adherence to this rule is e ential in order to a stable systematic nomenclature. Since plants have often been placed in a wrong genus, the question arises whether the absolutely first specific name is to be retained, or the first that was used with the right genus name; the former is the accepted alternative. The names thus discarded are called synonyms , though in a broader sense all the names from which the selection is made are synonyms. On account of unsettled usage synonyms must often be quoted. In obedience to the law of priority, Nuttall's name Carya , by which the hickory has been known since 1818, becomes a synonym of Hicoria , the earlier name of Rafinesque; mously. synonymatic (si-non-i-mat'ik), a. [ IMG:content-2712.png:[blocks in formation] IMG:content-2713.png:[blocks in formation] + -al .] Synonymie.