ETTY, WILLIAM, R. A

(1787-1849), Eng. artist; painter of hist. subjects; great colourist; untiring student of anatomy. His landscapes and drapery gineys harmonise admirably with his gures, an investigation into the origin and original significance of words. It forms a subsidiary part of the science of comparative philology, but has only been scientifically studied within the 19th century. False Es. have been often suggested through ignorance and half knowledge. Fclk-E. has played an important part in the development, of languages. Words that people. have known from their childhood are for them as things, but it is quite different with the new terms they meet. They arrest their interest and believing that every word has its signification they seek for this, guided by resemblances of sounds with words already known, thus reaching false conclusions by using false analogies. Various examples of the same illogical proce are found in the O. T., in the Homeric tales, in quaint Es. of mediaeval writers, and even in some of the present-day dictionaries. Scientific E. was made po ible by the birth of philology and study of the languages of the East. It no longer sought the relation between the words of a single language, exclusively within itself, but extended its view to a whole group of cognate tongues, or, wider still, to a whole family. Thus a new ciencs arose under the title of Comage arative Grammar. Thus the evidence antiseptic hat the group of language known as E. he Aryan languages form a family, i.e. re all sister-dialects of one common while ongue, consists in their grammatical globulus orms being the same, and in their hay wounds, ang a great many words in common. n judging whether an individual word 1 one of these tongues is really the same E. is 5 a word in another of these tongues, instituted ne is no longer guided by similarity of Synoptic ound. Words are cosntantly under according oing changes, and each language folably yws its own fashion in making these lying hanges. Corresponding words, thereto be re, in the several languages, must have, ancient 1 the long course of ages, come to differ Religion reatly: and these differences follow Testament artain laws which it it po ible to 11, scertain. Of the laws of interchange the f sound, Grimm’s Law, named after tion he great German philologist, is the most comes nportant. It exhibits the relations henceforth yund to exist between the consonant have, junds in the three groups of the Aryan about nguages. Followers of this theory were narratives urtius and Fick. The Teutonic revival blood, 1 the 19th century in England, com influence enced a history of English upon an Luke istorical method from which has grown the really scientific English E., as seen in with ie dictionaries of Profe or Skeat and Acts ir. Murray. was and EU (50° 2’ N., 1° 25’ E.), town have sine-Inferieure, France; has XVI.- ‘in mt. castle, damaged by fire, 1902; fine accounts othic church; Jesuit chapel; manuof the tures flour. Pop, 5,400. f Didache, land Grecian Archipelago; separated the om mainland on S. W. by channel, gether -W. part of which was anciently cal be d Euboean Sea and narrowest part the uripidus (c. 120 ft.), and spanned by In dge; area, 1505 sq. miles. Chief town, are corporeal atesman; famed for his financial abilithough 9s and love of peace, in which latter have licy he had a strong opponent in generally emosthenes, among amatist. differ primitive,