Saïs (sā'is)

[Gr. Σάϊς.] In ancient geography, a city in the Delta, on the Rosetta branch of the Nile, Egypt, about lat. 31° N. Its ruins are near the modern village of Sa-el-hugar. It was an important center of commerce and learning; was at times the capital of Lower Egypt; and furnished kings to the Saitic dynasties (the 24th, 26th, and 28th). The chief local deity was Neith. Saisan, Lake. See Zaisan . Sajó (shoʻyō). A river in northern Hungary which joins the Thei 40 miles northwest of Debreczin. Near it, in 1241, the Mongols defeated the Hungarians under King Béla IV. Length, about 125 miles. Sak (säk). A small salt lake in the western part of the Crimea, Ru ia, situated near Eupatoria and the Black Sea coast. Sakai (sä'ki). A port near Osaka, in Japan. Population (1891), 45,563. Sakalava (sä-kä-lävä). A collective name for the native tribes which occupy the western part of Madagascar. Sakanderabad. See Sec under a bad . Sakaria (sä-kä-rē'ä). A river in northwestern Asia Minor: the ancient Sangar i us. It flows into the Black Sea 93 miles east of Constantinople. The principal tributaries are the Pursak and Enguri Su. Length, about 320 miles. It is not navigable. Sakhrah (säkhʼrä). [Ar. as - Sakhrah , the rock.] In Mohammedan belief, a sacred rock in Jeru salem on which the temple was erected, and on which the mosque of Omar stands. Sakkara (säk-kä'rä). A village near the ancient Memphis, in Egypt. Near it are important remains of anti quited, thoughtsmagsumer ample Apis Serapeum, which stood above the subterranean mausoleum, has ceased to exist), a famous sanctuary of the ancient Egyptian cult, was discovered by Mariette in 1860, when the great avenue of sphinxes which preceded the Serapeum was excavated. Acce to the Apis tombs is by a sloping subterranean pa age. They consist of three groups, beginning in the 18th dynasty (about 1700 B. c.). The first two groups are the least interesting, and are now again inacce ible. The third group, extending from Psammetichus I. of the 26th dynasty (about 650 B. c.) to about 50 B. C., consists of a series of burial-chambers opening from huge galleries about 1,200 feet in extent. Every Apis was buried in a granite sarcophagus about 13 feet long, 7 wide, and 11 high. The Step Pyramid of Sakkarah is believed to be the oldest pyramid in Egypt. It is a igned with probability to the 4th with sloping sides; present height is about 197 feet, and its base measurement 351 by 394. Unlike the other pyramids, it is not oriented toward the cardinal points. There are a number of interior chambers connected by a labyrinth of pa ages, and a deep dome-shaped excavation in the rock in the axis beneath the base. Some of the chambers are incrusted with blue-green vitrified tiles. Sakya-Muni. See Buddha . Pharaoh of the 1st dynasty consists of steps or stages Sala (sā'lä), George August us Henry. Born at London, 1828: died Dec. 8, 1895. An English novelist, journalist, and miscellaneous writer. He was correspondent of the London "Telegraph" in the United States during the Civil War, in France in 1870-71, in Ru ia in 1876, and in Australia in 1885. He founded "Temple Bar," and was its first editor. Among his works are the novel "Seven Sons of Mammon" (1861), "A Journey Due North, etc." (1858), "My Diary in America in the Midst of War" (1865), "From Waterloo the Peninsula," "Rome and Venice," "Under the Sun, etc." (1872), "A Journey Due South" (1885), etc. It was to Sala del Maggior Consiglio (sä'lä del mäd'jor kōn-sel' yō), or Hall of the Council of Nobles. In the Ducal Palace, Venice, an imposing room, 175 feet long, 84 wide, and 51 high, begun in 1310. was originally painted throughout by Titian, Tin to ret to, the Bellini, and Paolo Veronese, but was destroyed by fire in 1577. As restored, the sides are completely covered, except the window-spaces, with paintings by Tin to ret to and the later Venetians, and the ceiling contains Paolo Veronese's masterpiece, the "Apotheosis of Venice," framed in gilded ornament and surrounded with other pricele paintings, Salad in (sal'a-din) (Salah-ed din Yusuf ibn Ayub). Born at Tekrit, 1137: died at Damascus, March, 1193. A famous sultan of Egypt and Syria. He became vizir in Egypt about 1169; suppre ed the Fatimite dynasty in 1171; was as proclaimed sultan about 1174; and conquered Damascus and the greater part of Syria. He endeavored to drive the Christians from Palestine; totally defeated them near Tiberias in 1187, taking prisoner Guy de Lusignan (king of Jerusalem), Châtill on (grand master of the Templars), and many others; and captured Acre, Jerusalem, Ascalon, etc. The fall of Jerusalem brought on the scene a powerful army of Crusaders under Richard the Lion-Hearted and Philip II. of France, which captured Acre in 1191. Richard took Cæsarea and Jaffa, and forced Salad in to accept a truce for three years in 1192. Scott introduces him in "The Talisman" disguised as the Arabian physician Adonbec and as Ilderim. sup Salado (sä-läʼтно), Rio. [Sp., 'salt river.] 1. A river in the Argentine Republic which joins the Paraná, on the western side, about 100 miles IMG:content-1004.png:[blocks in formation] which it joins below the town of Phenix. The Salado is formed in the Apache reservation by the junction of the White Mountain and Black rivers, and its main course is nearly from east to west. Its waters are very saline, as they pa through large salt-deposits shortly the junction of rivers banks are interesting aboriginal ruins. 3. A small river in the province of Cadiz, Spain, which flows into the Atlantic near Tarifa. On its banks, in 1340, the Moors were defeated by Alfonso XI. of Castile and Alfonso IV. of Portugal. Salamanca (sä-lä-män kä). A province of S A province of Spain, in the ancient Leon, bounded by Zamora and Valladolid on the north, Avila on the east, Caceres on the south, and Portugal on the west. It is flat and hilly in the north and mountainous in the south. Area, 4,940 square miles. Population (1887), 314,424. Salamanca. The capital of the province of Salamanca, situated on the Tormes about lat. 41° N., long. 5° 37′ W.: the Roman Sal mantic a. The river is cro ed here by an ancient Roman bridge. The manufactures and commerce of Salamanca were formerly important. Among its notable buildings are the old and new cathedrals. It contains also the Convent of San Esteban, which sheltered Columbus 1484-86. The church is of the period of transition between Pointed and Renai ance. The front is most elaborately sculptured with figures and arabesques inclosed in a great round arch. The choir is elevated on a broad flat arch at the west end. The cloisters are light and have good sculpture. The once celebrated university was founded in 1415. Salamanca was the chief town of the ancient Vettones. Salamanca was taken by Hannibal in 222 B. C., and was recovered from the Moors in the 11th century. Population (1887), 22,199. Salamanca, Battle of. A battle fought July 22, 1812, at Arapiles, near Salamanca, in which the British army under Wellington defeated the French under Marmont. Salamanca, Council or Junta of. A meeting held at Salamanca, apparently in the winter of 1486-87, to consider the projects of Columbus. King Ferdinand had referred them to Talavera to be laid by him before a gathering of scholars. The opinions of the majority were against Columbus. Probably the importance of this council has been overestimated. There seems no reason to suppose that at best it was anything more than some informal conference of Talavera with a few councilors, and in no way a ociated with the prestige of the university of Salamanca. The registers of the university, which begin back of the a igned date for such council, have been examined in vain for any refer Wins or, Christopher Columbus, p. 162. ence to it. Salamis (sal'a-mis). [Gr. Σαλαμίς .] 1. An island of ancient Greece, situated in the Saronic Gulf, south of Attica, and opposite the harbor of Athens. In early times it was independent, and was contended for by the Megarians and A then i ans. It was acquired by Athens in the beginning of the 6th century B. C.; pa ed to Macedon in 318; and was restored to Athens about 232 B. C. A famous naval victory was gained in the bay between Salamis and Attica, Sept. 20, 480 в. с., by the Greek fleet under Them is toc les and Eurybiades over the Persians. It was one of the decisive battles of the Persian wars. Length, 10 miles. 2. A city on the south coast of the island of Salamis, later transferred to the east coast. Salamis. In ancient geography, a city on the eastern coast of Cyprus. Teucer was its reputed founder. In the Roman period it was rebuilt as Constant i a. A naval victory was gained near Salamis, 306 B. c., by Demetrius Pol i or cetes over Ptolemy and his allies. Salammbô (sä-läm-bō'). A novel by Gustave Flaubert, the history of Hannibal's sister Salammbô, published in 1862. Salang (sä-läng'). An island in the Indian Ocean, belonging to Siam. Salanio (sa-läʼni-ō) and Salarino (sä-la-rēnō). Two characters in Shakspere's "Merchant of Venice." Their names were confused by the early compositors, and the spellings are various. A third character, Salerio, was added to the dram at is personæ by Steevens in his attempt to solve the difficulty, but Dyce, Furne , and others consider it unwarranted and the character to be Salanio mi pelled. See Salerio . Salankeman, or Salankamen. See Slank a men . Sala i (sa-las'i). In ancient history, a Celtic or Ligurian tribe which occupied the valley of the Dora Baltea, northwestern Italy. They were in conflict with the Romans 143 B. C. and later, and were finally subdued in 25 B. C. A Roman colony was planted at the modern Aosta. Salathiel (sa-lathi-el). A romance by George Croly, published in 1827, on the subject of the Wandering Jew. Salaverry (sä-lä-vā'rē), Felipe Santiago de. Born at Lima, May 3, 1806: died at Are quip a, Feb. 19, 1836. A Peruvian general. He headed unsucce ful revolts in 1833, and commanded a division in the campaign against Gamarra in 1834. Being in command of the castle at Callao, which he had taken, he declared against President Or be go so during the latter's ab eration. Salaverry was a brilliant leader and extremely popular. Salawatti, or Salawati (sä-lä-wä'tē), or Salwatti (säl-wät'tē). An island lying near the northwestern extremity of New Guinea. Length, about 30 miles. Salayer (sä-li'er), or Saleiyer (sä-li'yer), or Saleyer (sä-li'er), or Silayara (sē-li'ä-rä). An island directly south of Celebes, East Indies, belonging to the Dutch. Area, estimated, 180 square miles. Salayer Islands. A group consisting of Salayer and some neighboring islands. Population (1880), 66,276. Saldanha Bay (säl-dä'nä or säl-dän'yä bā). An inlet of the Atlantic Ocean, on the western coast of Cape Colony, 60 miles north-northwest of Cape Town. Here a Dutch fleet of 6 ships surrendered to Elphinstone Aug. 16 (17%), 1796. Length, about 17 miles. Saldanha de Oliveira e Daun (säl-dän'yä de ō-lē-vā'rä ē doun), João Carlos de, Duke of Saldanha from 1846. Born at Lisbon, Nov. 17, 1791: died at London, Nov. 21, 1876. A Portuguese statesman and general. He was a moderate constitutionalist, and supported Dom Pedro against Dom Miguel, whose forces he defeated in 1834. He was prime minister in 1835, 1846-49, 1851-56, and 1870. He was amba ador at London at the time of his death.