buffo (boof'-fo) It. n

Comic actor or singer. Also a combundfrei (boont'-fn) Ger. adj. position in the comic style, Unfretted. When applied to clavichords this meant those having a buffone (boof-fo'-ne) It. n. string to each digital of the keyboard, A jester, a singer who takes comic parts in an opera. opposed to those in which one string was struck at different points in probuffonescamente(boof-f6-nes-ka-men'- ducing tones of various pitches, te) It. adv. In a comic and burlesque style, bungen (boong'-en) Ger. v. bugle To drum. 1. A hunting horn of straight or buon (boo-on') curved form. Good: as used It.inadj. the phrase, buon 2. A treble wind instrument of gusto, good taste. bra or copper which differs from buonaccordo (boo-o'-nak-kor'-do) It. the trumpet in having a shorter and n. more conical tube with le expanded In good accord, well tuned. A bell; it is played with a cupped small triangular spinet for children, mouthpiece. Originally the bugle was having narrow keys to accommodate the signal horn for the infantry, and small hands, was usually tuned in C with an extra buono (boo-6'-no) It. adj. B flat crook. Now the regular bugle Good, excellent: as used in buona in the British army is tuned to B nota, a good note, an accented note, flat, only being a transposing instruburasca (boo-ras'-ka) It. n. ment it has its music written in C. A composition descriptive of a Only five sounds are used in military storm or tempest. signals, but the instrument is capable burden of eight by employing B flat and the 1. In a song the refrain or chorus octave of the lowest C, which, how repeated or the return of the theme ever, is poor and weak in tone. Its at the end of each stanza. entire compa is C on the second 2. The drone of a bagpipe. space of the ba clef, C on the first 3. The ba part of a composition. line below the tenor clef, G, C, E on Burla (boor'-la) It. n. the tenor clef, and G on the first Deceit, space above, B flat on the second sit i on trick facetious joke: a jest, a compo in character. space above. About 1810 it was burlando (boor-lan'-do) It. adj. fitted with sound holes and keys to A composition jesting or romping fill the gaps between the open notes in character. given above. It has also been made with valves. The instrument became burlescamente It. adv. (boor-les-ka-men'-te) exceedingly popular, and until about Jokingly, banteringly: a compos i- 1835 divided honors with the clarinet tion in burlesque style, or to be per as the most popular solo instrument formed in burlesque style, in military bands. It is bold and clear burrasca (boor-ras'-ka) It. n. in tone and is much used in military A composition descriptive of storm music but almost never in orchestra. or tempest. Of the two styles of instruments the burthen valve bugle po e es a more uniform Archaic form of burden. A refrain quality of tone but the key bugle is or chorus regularly recurring after better in shakes and rapid pa ages. each verse of a song. The drone of a 98 79 burthen the ba clef to B on its second line, bagpipe. sition. The ba part of a compo and played by the pedals, busain (bii-san') Fr. n. by ynge early songes Eng. (bis'-sing-e song'-es) Busaun (boo-zown') Ger. n. Lullabys, cradle songs. A reed stop of an organ, having a pitch from C on the second line Byzantine scales below the ba clef to B on its sec- These scales were eight in number, ond line, and played by the pedals. four principal scales, with four plabutton gals, subordinate scales formed a fifth In an organ a small, round piece of below the principal or authentic leather which, when screwed on what scales. They were reckoned upward is technically known as the tapped and their compa was as follows: wire of a tracker, prevents the tracker Authentic Plagal from jumping out of place. Tapped 1. cG—-gcJ Letters used in wires are those made like a screw f— f 2. modern sense. 1. B — b and are the extension of the trackers A — a or light, thin slips of wood which are 2. 4. 3. ' 3. founded on the Greek used in exerting a pulling movement g-gwere They in the organ, such as that between the 4. modese — ore' scales and the notes were keys and the pallets covering the namedd — after d' the first seven letters of openings of the pipes. The force and the Greek alphabet, A being identical efficiency of its movements depends with our C, and so named about 900 upon the length of the tracker and • A.D., supposedly by Odo of Cluny. this can be regulated at its junction Before this time the first seven letters with some other part of the organ of_ the Latin alphabet had been sub mechanism. The junction is made by stituted for the Greek. In Western piercing the wood of the second part church music the plagals begin a with the tracker wire, which may be fifth above their authentics, but are shortened by screwing the button called a fourth below, since they extighter. tend a fifth above and a fourth below the keynote of the authentic scale. buxea tibia (biik'-se-a tib'-i-a) Lat. n. The use of B flat produces a plagal An ancient boxwood flute, having three finger holes, resembling the without transposing, changing into a Phrygian flute. higher or lower key, because from C to c with B natural is equal to from buxum (buks'-um) Lat. n. F to f with B flat, while from C to c A pipe. with B flat equals from G to g. In buxus (biik'-sus) Lat. n. Western church music the pitch An ancient flute made of boxwood meaning of the letters in Byzantine and having three finger holes, resemscales rose one degree, thus B bebling the Phrygian flute. came A, as in modern letters but not buzain modern pitch meaning. Byzantine A A reed stop of an organ, having a corresponds meaning. to modern D in pitch pitch from C on the second line below 1. The first tone of the scale of C 2. The name of one of the major major, that is, of the scale which has keys, that is, of one of the keys hav- C for the keynote or first degree and ing the interval of a major third, two has the interval of a major third, two whole tones, between the first and whole tones, between C and the third third degrees, in this instance G and degree, namely, E. This scale is con- E. The key of C major nece itates sidered the typical diatonic scale be the use of no sharps or flats to bring cause it nece itates no sharps or flats about the succe ion of intervals reto bring about the succe ion of tones quired by the diatonic scale. Hence and semitones required to make a the signature is plain. complete diatonic scale. 3. The name of one of the minor 99 80 cabaletta keys, that is, the name of that key C major which has C for the keynote or first The key having neither sharps nor degree and has the interval of a minor flats for a signature. See also C. third, one whole tone and one half C major chord tone, between C and E, the first and The chord C, E, G. the third degrees. It is called the C minor relative minor of E flat major because The minor key whose they both require the use of three signature is three flats, flats: A flat, B flat, and E flat, in order relative to the key of E $ to obtain the succe ion of tones and flat major. See also C. or semitones required to make a com- C minor chord CC barred plete diatonic scale. barre (bar-ra') Eng. Fr. The chord, C, E flat and G. C moll (tsa mol) Ger. S C minor The character used to in- The key of C minor dicate ali a breve $ ( two-two ) C natural time. See also barred C, or ali a The note C unmodified by sharp or breve. flat. C clef C reversed A character, placed at the head of In old music a sign that the notes the staff, enclosing the line which so marked are diminished half their represents middle C, and hence ind i time value. cating, also, the name and pitch of C Schlii el (tsa shliis'-sel) Ger. the notes written on the other lines C-key. The C clef. On whatever |LJ| and spaces. When placed on line of the staff it is placed it gives jp}|^ the first line clef, it is called the the notes of that line the name and but seldom pitch of middle C. See C clef. m soprano C sharp used; on the third line, the alto clef; and on the fourth The note a semitone the tenor clef. The C clef above C. or iyi on the second line, or mezzo- |jS||- soprano clef is now obso- C sharp major The major key, having 53fsgeg lete. The C clef is ■; seven sharps in its signature written in several different iHI" C sharp minor forms, among them trfl ', IK, P or IIB signa C The ture str in is four gminor whose, key sharps.C=harp m Q jLffraajor, p s C double flat The lowest string on $ The note C lowered two semitones the viola or viol on or by means of a double flat; the same cello. tone as B flat. The American History and Encyclopedia of Music - Dictionary