THE BACILLUS FITZIANUS

(FROM ZOPF, AFTER BUCHNER.) a, b, micrococcus forms showing the various transitions to short and long rods; ¢, long rods with the ends partly curved; d, rods bearing spores; c, long rods connected into fila ments; f, g, globular and elliptical cocct, x 4,000. It occurs as short motile rods arranged in pairs. In gelatin it forms fluorescent greenish or greenish-yellow colonies surrounded by liquefied gelatin, [B, 238.]—B. fluorescens putid us. A species occurring frequently in putrefying mixtures, to which, as well as to gelatin, it imparts a green color and an odor resembling that of trimethylamine. It does not liquefy gelatin. [B, 238.]—B. fœ- us. 1. The Bacterium fœtidum |Thin]; a species found in feet sweat, described as occurring first in the form of cocci which divide and form wedge-shaped bodies, subsequently developing into rods which either break up or lengthen into Spores con eine filaments, All the cultivations have the odor of foot-sweat. According to S..Le M. Moore, this B. is identical with the Micrococcus found in the surface soil (corpuscles brillants). [* Proc. of the Roy. Soe.,” xxx, 1880, p. 473, and “ Bot. Jahresb.,”” 1881, i, p. 313 (B); Jour, of the Roy. Micr, Soc.,” 1885, p. 676(B).] 2. The Clostridium (eee {Liborius, ‘*Ztschr. f. Hyg.,” i, 1886, p. 115}; a species ‘ound a ociated with the B. œdematis malign i, and probably derived from the soil. It is actively motile, 1 p thick and of varying length, sometimes united in pseudo-filaments. In sporification, it becomes distended at the extremity or in the middle (clostridium form) and develops oval spores over 1 w thick, It is enacrobley liquefies gelatin with the formation of round, irregularly limi erloies’ and forms branched colonies in agar-agar. From these colonies a very foetid gas is evolved. In morphological characters it is closely allied to B. amylobacter. It is perhaps identical with the first-described variety. (Bl B. fuse us. A species found as an accidental impurity in gelatin-cultivations and forming long, slender rods, with blunt ends and an irregular, slightly wavy contour. It produces a brownish coloring matter and forms dark-brown colonies in gelatin. It is perhaps identical with the Bacterium brunneum. {B, 238.|—B. geniculatus [De Bary]. A species found in the contents of the stomach, forming rods like those of the B. subtil is, but somewhat smaller and narrower, and united to each other at au angle so as to constitute bent filaments. The interlaced filaments form a smooth pellicle on the surface of nutrient fluids. The Bacilli are motile only for hort time after germination. They reproduce by endogenous spore-formation, the axis of the spores being coincident with that of the B. They do not liquefy gelatin, and appear to have no pathogenetic qualities. [De Bary, W., “Arch. f. exper. Pathol. u. Pharmak.,” xx. p. 243; “ Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i (1887), No. 10, ie 293 (B).|—B. glycerinze. See B. fitzianus.—B. grüner Eiter (Ger). See B. pyocyaneus. Z, Wansenii [Raspmu en]. A species forming on various nutrient liquids a yellowish or whitish pellicle consisting of rods 2°8 to 6m long and 0°6 to 08 p broad, which develop spores 1°7 p long and 11 # broad, On potatoes it forms a chrome-yellow layer with the deposition of a pigment insoluble in all ordinary solvents, and giving rise at the same time to a pleasant fruity odor. [B, 237, 238.)—B. i an thin us. See BACTERIUM ianthinum.—B. indicus, B. indicus ruber [Koch]. A species found in the stomach of an East Indian monkey, forming very small motile rods with rounded ends which, cultivated _on gelatin or on potatoes, produce a brick red coloring matter. It liquefies gelatin and is aerobic. Injected into the blood of rabbits, it produces death with the lesions of a severe gastro-enteritis. [B, 122, 238.]|—B. kaukasicus. See B. caucasicus.— B, Klebsii. A species, forming slowly motile rods, said to O, no; 0% not; 03, whole: Th, thin; Th, the; U? like oo in too; U2, blue; U3, lull; U4, full; U%, urn; US, like ü (German), 70 be found in recent syphilitic ulcerations and conjectured to be the cause of syphilis. [B,206.) See, however, B. syph i lid is.—B.-Komma (Ger.). See SPIRILLUM choleræ asiutice.—B. lactic us. See B. acid i lactic i—B. lactis aero genes, Syn.: Bacterium lactis aero genes |Escherich}. A species found along with the Bacterium col i commune in the faeces of infants fed with milk. It forms short, non-motile rods, with rounded ends, 1°4 to 2 u long and 0°5 @ broad, and under certain conditions apparently Grae terminal spores. In gelatin it forms elevated colonies (‘‘ nail-cultivations ”) like those of the Bacterium pneumoniæ crouposæ, and on potatoes a whitish yellow layer filled with bubbles of gas. It coagulates milk with the roduction of lactic acid and causes in glucose solutions an active [Par rate vie on, which can be maintained apart from the presence of air, although otherwise the B. is aerobic. In animals it produces effects similar to those caused by the Bacterium col i commune. [B, 238.] B. leiodermos. A small, short, very actively motile B. with rounded ends, liquefying gelatin and forming upon it small, whitish, irregularly shaped colonies. On potatoes it forms a smooth, shining coating. _ |B, 238.]—B8. lepræ [A. Hansen]. Fr., bacille de la lèpre. Ger., Lepra bacillus, B. des Au atzes. It., bacillo dell a lepra. A species discovered by Hansen (1874) in the new growths occurring in leprosy on the skin, on the mucous membranes, in the peripheral nerves, in various organs, and in the bl These lood. Racilli usually lie in ma es in the cells, but sometimes are found in the lymph-pa ages. They are 4 to 6; long, le than 1 u thick, and form in their interior 2 or three oval spores. According to Lutz and Unna, they consist of rows of cocci joined into rods (coccotriches) by a cement-substance of different composition. In their appearance, and especially in their behavior toward coloring agents, they resemble the B. tuberculosis, Injected beneath the skin of some of the lower animals, they give rise to localized growths resembling those of leprosy, and are regarded as the cause of the disease in man. [B, 122, 28; ** Arch. f. pathol. Anat. u. Phys. u. f. klin. Med.,” Ixxix (1880), p. 32 (G); * Dtsch. med. Wehnschr.,” Oct. 28, 1886, p. 759 (B).|—B. liodermos. See B. leiodernos.—B. lucens. Syn.: Bacterium lucens [Van Tieghem]. A non-motile species, found upon the surface of water, distinguished by its brilliancy and forming spherical spores. [“ Bull. de la soc. bot. de France,” 1879, p. 141, and “ Bot. Jahresb.,” 1879, i, p. 593 (B); B, 73.]—B. Inteus. A short nonmot » occurrinf as an impurity on gelatin plates. It forms vish ‘colonies in gelatin without liquefaction. [B, 238.]—B. utens suls. A species occurring in the pericardial or peritoneal ‘or the Adv. of Sci.,” 1885, p. 303 (B).]—13. ly ie. Fr., bacille de la rage. Ger., Hundswuthbacillus. À B. found by Pasteur in the saliva of a hydrophobic patient and in the blood of a rabbit inoculated with this saliva. [B, 206, 238.] Karop obtained from the saliva of a hydrophobic boy variualy shaped, Gemeat capsulated Bacilli. [“ Proc. of the Roy. Mier. Soc." 188, p. 573 (B).] ‘These, as well as Pasteur's B., are perhaps identical with the Bacterium septicum sputigenum of kel. Rivolta [* La riforma med.,” Nos, 78,79, %0, 1886; * Dtsch. med. Wehnschr. ” May 6, 1886, p. 313] found in'the organs, and especially the medulla and parotid epithelium, in hydrophobia, a micro-organism (Cocco bacterium ly æ) forming rods 1'4 to 28 p long and 06 to 07 u thick, consisting each of 2 to 5 cocci. [B.J—B. malandriæ. See B. mallei.— B. malar iæ [Klebs and Tommasi-Crudeli]. Fr., bacille de la malaria. Ger., B. der Malaria, It., bacillo dell a malaria, A B. dis- M covered in malarial soils and recently in malarial air, forming motile rods of 2 to 7 min lcnftl\ and 07 » broad, growing into spiral threads, and increasing by division and also by the formation of central or terminal endogenous spores. It is said also to occur in the blood of patients affected with malaria, and to produce when injected into rabbits a variety of intermittent fever with enlargement of the spleen, deposition of THE BACILLUS MALARLE. pigment in the spleen and the abdomi- [B, 246.] nal lymphatic glands, and changes in the red blood-corpuscles similar to those constituting the so-called Plasmodium malar iæ (q. v.). [B, 209, 237, 238; Schiavuzzi and Tommasi-Crudeli, “* Rendic. dell a R. Acc. dei Lincei” and “Ctrlbl. f. Bacteriol. u. Parasitenk.,” i (1887), No. 7, p. 203, and No. 12, p. 319(B).]—I8. mailel [Léfler and pene Fr., bacille de la morve, Ger., Rotzbacillus. A species found in the nodules of glanders. It forms very motile rods. 2 to5 « long and 0°5 to 1°4 & broad, which form a brown mucilaginous layer enon potatoes and transparent prominent drops upon the surface of blood-serum, and in needle-cultures in gelatin liquefy the latter with the formation of whitish tenacious ma es. They are said to reproduce by endogenous spore-formation, but this is denied by Lôffler. Injected beneath the skin of Eulnea:pigs, field-mice, rabbits, and horses, cultivations of these Bacilli produced typical glanders. [B, 122, 238: Löffler, “ Ctrlbl. f, Bacteriol, u. Parasitenk.,”’ 1887, No. 4, p. 112 (B).]—B. maydis. It., bacterio dell a pellagra. Syn.: Bacterium maydis [Cuboni]. A species found in the grains of diseased Indian corn and_ believed to give rise to the Italian pellagra which results from eating such corn, Jt is 3 long, 1 x broad, and reproduces by the formation of a medially situated spore. It liquefies gelatin with the formation of peculiar colonies which increase in area on the surface of the gelatin, but in the deeper layers remain of small size, It is said by some to occur in the blood of patients affected with pellagra. [Cuboni, “ Atti dell a R. Acc. dei Lincei,” ser. iv, vol. ii, 1885-1886, p. 532 (B).]—B. megaterinm [De Bary]. species observed in cooked cabbage, forming eylindrical, slightly arcuate, multiseptate rods (b, p) with rounded ends, 25 4 thick and gay attaining a length of 10 to 15 m, when they divide into two by a transverse division (b). They are arranged in chains (a) and exhibit a slow spontaneous movement. They reproduce by division of the rods into equilateral cells (c)in each of which an oblong spore develops (d,e,f). These spores, on’ being set free, increase in length till ‘they form new Bacilli (g, h, ete., tom). Cultures of this B. liquefy gelatin and form yellowish - white _colonies on potatoes. [B. 54, 122, 238.] — B. melittophthorus. See B. alvei.—B. mesenteric us fusc us. A species found on potatoes, in the air, in haydust, and in other situations, forming short. small, mene moving rods, often arranged in ere s of 2 or 4, and peproducing: means of small spores. They liquefy gelatin with the formation of whit is! colonies with ‘brownish offsets,and on potatoes grow par i with the production of a smooth, yellow, superficial layer which soon becomes wrinkled and brown. [B, 238.|—B. mesenteric us vulzatus. Fr., bacille des pommes de terre. Ger., Kartofelbacillus. ‘he potato-b., a species somewhat larger than the preceding, and also motile and reproducing by spores. It liquefies gelatin, upon which it forms a yellowish pellicle; and upon potatoes it produces a rapidly growing, tough, tenacious, deeply wrinkled ma which penetrates deeply into’ the substance of the potato. It acts as a diastatic ferment and coagulates casein. [B, 122, 238. —B, nus. A name given by Klebs to the B. found by Klein in the pneumo-enteritis of the pig. [Klebs (B, 108).] See B. of hog-cholera and BACTERIVM of swine-plague.—B. mollusei (Do menieo|: It., bacillo del mollusco. A B. found in molluscum contagiosum. It resembles greatly in enya alle fe characters. the B. malaria and B. lepræ, and reproduces by the formation of terminal spores. The separate Bacilli usually occur joined in bent pseudo-filaments. (Domenico, M., * Atti dell a R. Acc. dei Lincei,” ser.. iii, vol. v, 1880, æ 77 (B)]—B. multi pediculus. A species occurring, as an accidental impurity in potato-cultivations, in long, slender, non-motile rod-forms. The cultivations on gelatin are dark, rounded or oval, and are provided with numerous radial and variously bent offshoots, resembling the feet and antennæ of an insect. The cultivations on potatoes are smooth and dirty-yellow. [B, 238.]— B. murisepticus fikoch}. Fr., bacille de la septicémie del a sour is, Ger., B. der Mäuse septicämie. A species found in various putrefying liquids. It occurs as non-motile spore-forming rods 0'8 to 1 long and 0°1 to 024 thick, ey arranged in groups or rows of 2or4, They form reticulate bluish-gray colonies in gelatin, not liquefying the latter, and growing best in the deeper layers. Injected into the circulation of common mice, they accumulate in the white blood-corpuscles, destroy the latter, and give rise to a fatal variety of septicaemia. Birds and rabbits are also affected, inoculation in the case of the latter producing either a general septicaemia, as in mice, or a local inflammation from which the animals recover and which secures immunity against a subsequent attack of the disease. [B, 122, 237, 238.]—B. muscoides [Liborius]. A species found with the B. œdematis malign i, forming slowly motile rods, 1 # thick, rarely joined into filaments. The spores are rounded-oval and usually terminal. It is anaerobic, does not liquefy